COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM UYGULAMALARI
Yıl 2021,
30. Ulusal Özel Eğitim Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 158 - 184, 22.09.2021
Ebru Ünay
,
Raziye Erdem
,
Orhan Çakıroğlu
Öz
Bu çalışmada özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) sürecinde uzaktan eğitime ilişkin bakış açılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan bir büyükşehirde özel eğitim sınıflarında görev yapan 10 özel eğitim öğretmeni katılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada veriler yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Görüşmelerin analizi sonucunda özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 sürecinde Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA), EBA TV, çalışma kâğıtları ve çevrimiçi uygulamalar kullanarak öğretim sürecini yürüttükleri belirlenmiştir. Özel eğitim öğretmenleri karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunların materyal, internete erişim ve yetersiz ebeveyn desteği olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Çalışmanın bulgularına dayanarak uzaktan eğitimin özel eğitim öğretmenleri tarafından daha verimli ve istekli kullanılabilmesine yönelik çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
Kaynakça
- Alea, L. A., Fabrea, M. F., Roldan, R. D. A., & Farooqi, A. Z. (2020). Teachers’ COVID-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127-144.
- Arora, A. K., & Srinivasan, R. (2020). Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the teaching–learning process: A study of higher education teachers. Indian Journal of Management, 13(4), 43-56.
- Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır? Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388.
- Barnum, M. (2020, Haziran 26). How did America’s remote-learning experiment really go? Chalkbeat. https://www.chalkbeat.org/2020/6/26/21304405/surveys-remote-learning-coronavirus-success-failure-teachers-parents
- Başaran, M., Doğan, E., Karaoğlu, E., & Şahin, E. (2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemi sürecinin getirisi olan uzaktan eğitimin etkililiği üzerine bir çalışma. Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 179-209.
- Bayburtlu, Y. S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi dönemi uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğretmen görüşlerine göre Türkçe eğitimi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
- Bozkurt, A. (2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemi süreci ve pandemi sonrası dünyada eğitime yönelik değerlendirmeler: Yeni normal ve yeni eğitim paradigması. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 112-142.
- Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi.
- Can, E. (2020). Coronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
- Coley, R. L., Kruzik, C., & Votruba-Drzal, E. (2020). Do family investments explain growing socioeconomic disparities in children’s reading, math, and science achievement during school versus summer months? Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(6), 1183-1196. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000427
- Cresswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (4. Baskı). M. Bütün ve SB Demir (Çev. Ed).Siyasal Kitabevi.
- Çakın, M. & Akyavuz, E. K. (2020). COVID-19 süreci ve eğitime yansıması: öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education.6(2) 166-186.
- Çoban, S. (2012). Uzaktan ve teknoloji destekli eğitimin gelişimi. XVI. Türkiye’de İnternet Konferansı Bildiri Kitabı.
- Demir, S., & Kale, M. (2020). Öğretmen görüşlerine göre, COVID-19 küresel salgını döneminde gerçekleştirilen uzaktan eğitim sürecinin değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(8).
- Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Ramot, R. (2020). Opportunities and challenges: teacher education in Israel in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 1-10.
- Fauzi, I., & Khusuma, I. H. S. (2020). Teachers’ elementary school in online learning of COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 58-70.
- Ferlazzo, L. (2020). We might have gotten remote learning wrong. We can still fix this school year—Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/tm/articles/2020/05/13/we-might-have-gotten-remote-learning-wrong.html
- Garbe, A., Ogurlu, U., Logan, N., & Cook, P. (2020). Parents’ experiences with remote education during COVID-19 school closures. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/8471
- Giannini, S., & Albrectsen, A. B. (2020). COVID-19 school closures around the world will hit girls hardest. https://plan-international.org/blog/2020/03/COVID-19-school-closures-hit-girls-hardest
- Gross, B., & Opalka, A. (2020). Too many schools leave learning to chance during the pandemic. CRPE. https://www.crpe.org/sites/default/files/final_national_sample_brief_2020.pdf
- Guio, A.-C., Gordon, D., Marlier, E., Najera, H., & Pomati, M. (2018). Towards an EU measure of child deprivation. Child Indicators Research, 11(3), 835-860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9491-6
- Hanson, R., & Pugliese, C. (2020). Parent and family involvement in education: 2019. First Look. NCES 2020-076. National Center for Education Statistics. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED606748
- Hobbs, D.T. & Hawkins, L. (2020, 5 Haziran). The results are in for remote learning: It didn’t work. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/schools-coronavirus-remote-learning-lockdown-tech-11591375078
- Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause review, 27, 1-12.
- Kırık, A. (2014). Uzaktan eğitimin tarihsel gelişimi ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Marmara İletişim Dergisi, (21), 73-94.
- Mohmmed, A. O., Khidhir, B. A., Nazeer, A., & Vijayan, V. J. (2020). Emergency remote teaching during Coronavirus pandemic: The current trend and future directive at Middle East College Oman. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 5(3), 1-11.
- News, T. P. (t.y.). Teachers at international schools lacked tech skills for distance learning—Survey. https://thepienews.com/news/intl-school-teachers-lack-tech-skills-distance-learning/
- Parmigiani, D., Benigno, V., Giusto, M., Silvaggio, C., & Sperandio, S. (2020). E-inclusion: Online special education in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1-14.
- Prothero, A. (2020). Why students need social-emotional learning now—education week. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2020/09/03/why-students-need-social-emotional-learning-now.html
- Rasmitadilla, Aliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109.
- Rice, M. F., & Dykman, B. (2018). The emerging research base for online learning and students with disabilities. Handbook of research on K-12 online and blended learning 189–206.
- Shachar, M., & Neumann, Y. (2010). Twenty years of research on the academic performance differences between traditional and distance learning: Summative meta-analysis and trend examination. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(2).
- Simonson, M., Schlosser, C., & Orellana, A. (2011). Distance education research: A review of the literature. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 23(2), 124-142.
- Sönmez, M., Yıldırım, K., & Çetinkaya, F. Ç. (2020). Yeni tip koronavirüs (SARS-CoV2) salgınına bağlı uzaktan eğitim sürecinin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleriyle değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).
- Telli, S. G. ve Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), s. 25-34.
- Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M. M. (2012). The effects of motivation in education. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 820-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.148
- Tremmel, P., Myers, R., Brunow, D. A., & Hott, B. L. (2020). Educating students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from commerce independent school district. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 39(4), 201-210.
- Trust, T., & Whalen, J. (2020). Should teachers be trained in emergency remote teaching? Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 189-199.
- Valentine, D. (2002). Distance learning: Promises, problems and possibilities. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(3). http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall53/valantine53.pdf
- Xie, Z., & Yang, J. (2020). Autonomous learning of elementary students at home during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of the second elementary school in Daxie, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555537
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimsek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yurtbakan, E., & Akyıldız, S. (2020). Sınıf öğretmenleri, ilkokul öğrencileri ve ebeveynlerin COVID-19 izolasyon döneminde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim faaliyetleri hakkındaki görüşleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).
DISTANCE EDUCATION APPLICATIONS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19
Yıl 2021,
30. Ulusal Özel Eğitim Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 158 - 184, 22.09.2021
Ebru Ünay
,
Raziye Erdem
,
Orhan Çakıroğlu
Öz
In this study, we aimed to examine the perspectives of special education teachers regarding distance education during the COVID-19 period. Ten special education teachers working in special education classes in a metropolitan city in the Eastern Black Sea Region participated in the study. We used a qualitative research design and collected data through semi-structured interviews. As a result of the analysis of the interviews, we found that special education teachers carried out the teaching process using EBA, EBA TV, worksheets and online applications during the COVID-19 period. Special education teachers stated that the most important problems they encountered were materials, internet access and insufficient parental support. Based on the findings of the study, we made various suggestions for the more efficient and willing use of distance education by special education teachers.
Kaynakça
- Alea, L. A., Fabrea, M. F., Roldan, R. D. A., & Farooqi, A. Z. (2020). Teachers’ COVID-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127-144.
- Arora, A. K., & Srinivasan, R. (2020). Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the teaching–learning process: A study of higher education teachers. Indian Journal of Management, 13(4), 43-56.
- Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır? Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388.
- Barnum, M. (2020, Haziran 26). How did America’s remote-learning experiment really go? Chalkbeat. https://www.chalkbeat.org/2020/6/26/21304405/surveys-remote-learning-coronavirus-success-failure-teachers-parents
- Başaran, M., Doğan, E., Karaoğlu, E., & Şahin, E. (2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemi sürecinin getirisi olan uzaktan eğitimin etkililiği üzerine bir çalışma. Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 179-209.
- Bayburtlu, Y. S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi dönemi uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğretmen görüşlerine göre Türkçe eğitimi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
- Bozkurt, A. (2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemi süreci ve pandemi sonrası dünyada eğitime yönelik değerlendirmeler: Yeni normal ve yeni eğitim paradigması. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 112-142.
- Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi.
- Can, E. (2020). Coronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
- Coley, R. L., Kruzik, C., & Votruba-Drzal, E. (2020). Do family investments explain growing socioeconomic disparities in children’s reading, math, and science achievement during school versus summer months? Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(6), 1183-1196. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000427
- Cresswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (4. Baskı). M. Bütün ve SB Demir (Çev. Ed).Siyasal Kitabevi.
- Çakın, M. & Akyavuz, E. K. (2020). COVID-19 süreci ve eğitime yansıması: öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education.6(2) 166-186.
- Çoban, S. (2012). Uzaktan ve teknoloji destekli eğitimin gelişimi. XVI. Türkiye’de İnternet Konferansı Bildiri Kitabı.
- Demir, S., & Kale, M. (2020). Öğretmen görüşlerine göre, COVID-19 küresel salgını döneminde gerçekleştirilen uzaktan eğitim sürecinin değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(8).
- Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Ramot, R. (2020). Opportunities and challenges: teacher education in Israel in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 1-10.
- Fauzi, I., & Khusuma, I. H. S. (2020). Teachers’ elementary school in online learning of COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 58-70.
- Ferlazzo, L. (2020). We might have gotten remote learning wrong. We can still fix this school year—Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/tm/articles/2020/05/13/we-might-have-gotten-remote-learning-wrong.html
- Garbe, A., Ogurlu, U., Logan, N., & Cook, P. (2020). Parents’ experiences with remote education during COVID-19 school closures. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/8471
- Giannini, S., & Albrectsen, A. B. (2020). COVID-19 school closures around the world will hit girls hardest. https://plan-international.org/blog/2020/03/COVID-19-school-closures-hit-girls-hardest
- Gross, B., & Opalka, A. (2020). Too many schools leave learning to chance during the pandemic. CRPE. https://www.crpe.org/sites/default/files/final_national_sample_brief_2020.pdf
- Guio, A.-C., Gordon, D., Marlier, E., Najera, H., & Pomati, M. (2018). Towards an EU measure of child deprivation. Child Indicators Research, 11(3), 835-860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9491-6
- Hanson, R., & Pugliese, C. (2020). Parent and family involvement in education: 2019. First Look. NCES 2020-076. National Center for Education Statistics. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED606748
- Hobbs, D.T. & Hawkins, L. (2020, 5 Haziran). The results are in for remote learning: It didn’t work. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/schools-coronavirus-remote-learning-lockdown-tech-11591375078
- Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause review, 27, 1-12.
- Kırık, A. (2014). Uzaktan eğitimin tarihsel gelişimi ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Marmara İletişim Dergisi, (21), 73-94.
- Mohmmed, A. O., Khidhir, B. A., Nazeer, A., & Vijayan, V. J. (2020). Emergency remote teaching during Coronavirus pandemic: The current trend and future directive at Middle East College Oman. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 5(3), 1-11.
- News, T. P. (t.y.). Teachers at international schools lacked tech skills for distance learning—Survey. https://thepienews.com/news/intl-school-teachers-lack-tech-skills-distance-learning/
- Parmigiani, D., Benigno, V., Giusto, M., Silvaggio, C., & Sperandio, S. (2020). E-inclusion: Online special education in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1-14.
- Prothero, A. (2020). Why students need social-emotional learning now—education week. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2020/09/03/why-students-need-social-emotional-learning-now.html
- Rasmitadilla, Aliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109.
- Rice, M. F., & Dykman, B. (2018). The emerging research base for online learning and students with disabilities. Handbook of research on K-12 online and blended learning 189–206.
- Shachar, M., & Neumann, Y. (2010). Twenty years of research on the academic performance differences between traditional and distance learning: Summative meta-analysis and trend examination. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(2).
- Simonson, M., Schlosser, C., & Orellana, A. (2011). Distance education research: A review of the literature. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 23(2), 124-142.
- Sönmez, M., Yıldırım, K., & Çetinkaya, F. Ç. (2020). Yeni tip koronavirüs (SARS-CoV2) salgınına bağlı uzaktan eğitim sürecinin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleriyle değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).
- Telli, S. G. ve Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), s. 25-34.
- Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M. M. (2012). The effects of motivation in education. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 820-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.148
- Tremmel, P., Myers, R., Brunow, D. A., & Hott, B. L. (2020). Educating students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from commerce independent school district. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 39(4), 201-210.
- Trust, T., & Whalen, J. (2020). Should teachers be trained in emergency remote teaching? Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 189-199.
- Valentine, D. (2002). Distance learning: Promises, problems and possibilities. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(3). http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall53/valantine53.pdf
- Xie, Z., & Yang, J. (2020). Autonomous learning of elementary students at home during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of the second elementary school in Daxie, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555537
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimsek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yurtbakan, E., & Akyıldız, S. (2020). Sınıf öğretmenleri, ilkokul öğrencileri ve ebeveynlerin COVID-19 izolasyon döneminde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim faaliyetleri hakkındaki görüşleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).