Trabzon Bölgesel İnovasyon Sisteminin Firma İnovasyon Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 325 - 341, 24.10.2019

Ezgi Baday Yıldız Yeşim Dindaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.600971

Öz

Günümüzde bir firmanın
piyasada meydana gelen değişikliklere karşı olan duyarlılığı ve
farklılaşabilmek adına gösterdiği inovasyon çabaları rekabet ortamında üstünlük
sağlayabilmek adına en önemli unsurlar olarak görülmektedir. Söz konusu
üstünlüğü elde etmek, firma inovasyon performansının arttırılmasından
geçmektedir. Firma inovasyon performansını etkileyen en önemli unsurlardan biri
ise firmanın içinde bulunduğu inovasyon sistemi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu
bilgiler doğrultusunda, çalışmanın temel amacı Trabzon Bölgesel İnovasyon
Sistemi’nin, Trabzon’da faaliyet gösteren firmaların inovasyon performansları
üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda Trabzon’da
yerleşik 160 firmaya uygulanmış olan inovasyon anketi verisi yapısal eşitlik
modellemesi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kurumlarla
yapılan işbirliği ve rekabet avantajı inovasyon performansını pozitif,
ekosistemden kaynaklı engeller ise inovasyon performansını negatif yönde
etkilemektedir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölgesel İnovasyon Sistemi, İnovasyon Performansı, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

Kaynakça

• Aghion, P., Bloom, N., Blundell, R., Griffith, R. ve Howitt, P. (2005). Competition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(2), 701-728.
• Ahn, S. (2002). Competition, Innovation and Productivity Growth: A Review of Theory and Evidence, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 317, OECD Publishing, Paris.
• Akçomak, İ. S. ve Kalaycı, E. (2016). Ar-Ge ve Yeniliğin Ölçümü ve Ar-Ge ve Yenilik Anketi Verilerinin Araştırmada Kullanılması, Bilim, Teknoloji ve Yenilik Kavramlar, Kuramlar ve Politika içinde, 107-126, 1. Baskı, Mega Basım Yayın: İstanbul.
• Aschhoff, B. ve Schmidt, T. (2008). Empirical Evidence on the Success of R&D Cooperation-Happy Together? Review of Industrial Organization, 33(1), 41-62.
• Asheim, B. ve Isaksen, A. (1997). Location, Agglomeration and Innovation: Towards a Regional Innovation System in Norway, European Planning Studies, 5(3), 299-330.
• Asheim, B., Isaksen, A., Nauwelaers, C. ve Tötdling, F. (2003). Regional Innovation Policy for Small-Medium Enterprises, US: Edward Elgar.
• Asheim, Bjørn T., Coenen, L. ve Henning, M. (2003). Nordic SMEs and Regional Innovation Systems. Final Report, Department of Social and Economic Geography Lund University Sweden.
• Asheim, Bjørn T. ve Isaksen, Arne (2002). Regional Innovation Systems: The Integration of Local ‘Sticky’and Global ‘Ubiquitous’ Knowledge. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 27 (1), 77-86.
• Bagozzi, R. P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94.
• Bartels, F.L., Koria, R., Torriero, A., Cravenna, B. ve Strinati, C. (2014). National Systems of Innovation: a Structural Model Analysis of Efficacity-The Case of Ghana. Innovation Forum, Paris.
• Becker, W. ve Dietz, J. (2004). R&D Cooperation and Innovation Activities of firms-Evidence for the German Manufacturing Industry. ResearchPolicy, 33(2), 209-223.
• Bentler, P. M. ve Yuan, K. (1999). Structural Equation Modeling with Small Samples: Test Statistics. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34 (2), 181-197.
• Berchicci, L. (2013). Towards An open R&D System: Internal R&D Investment, External Knowledge Acquisition and Innovative Performance. Research Policy, 42(1), 117-127
• Blundell, R.,Griffth, R. ve Reenen, J. V. (1999). Market Share, Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms. Review of Economic Studies, 66, 529-554.
• Braczyk, H. J., Cooke, P. ve Heidenreich, M. (1998). Regional Innovation Systems, London: UCL Press
• Brioschi, F., Brioschi, M. S. ve Cainelli, G. (2002). From the Industrial District to the District Group: An Insight into the Evolution of Capitalism in Italy. Regional Studies, 36(9), 1037-1052.
• Bullinger, H. J., Auernhammer ve K., Gomeringer, A. (2004). Managing Innovation Networks in the Knowledge-driven economy, International Journal of Production Research, 42(17), 3337-3353
• Burmaoğlu, S. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Türk Firmalarının Organizasyonel İnovasyon Yeteneğini Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine bir Araştırma. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 66(4), 1-20.
• Coad, A., Pellegrino, G. ve Savona, M. (2016). Barriers to Innovation and Firm Productivity, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 25(3), 321-334.
• Cooke, Philip (1992). Regional Innovation Systems: Competitive Regulation in The New Europe. Geoforum, 23(3), 365-382.
• Corchuelo B.ve Mesías F. J. (2015). Innovation Policies and Barriers to Innovation: An Analysis in Extremadura (Spain) in Handbook of Research on Internatıonalızatıon of Entrepreneurıal Innovatıon in the Global Economy, 30-50, IGI Global.
• Darai, D., Sacco, D. ve Schmutzler, A. (2010). Competition and Innovation: An Experimental Investigation. Experimental Economics, 13, 439-460.
• Fariaa, P., Lima, F. ve Santos, R. (2010). Cooperation in Innovation Activities: The Importance of Partners. Research Policy, 39(8), 1082-1092.
• Diez, J. D. (2000). Innovative Networks in Manufacturing: Some Empirical Evidence from the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.Technovation, 20(3), 139-150.
• Doloreux, D. (2004). Regional Networks of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Evidence from the Metropolitan Area of Ottawa in Canada. European Planning Studies, 12(2), 173-189.
• Estrada, I., Faems, D.ve de Faria, P. (2016). Coopetition and Product Innovation Performance: The Role of Internal Knowledge Sharing Mechanisms and Formal Knowledge Protection Mechanisms. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 56-65.
• Fındık, B. ve Beyhan, B. (2015). The Impact of External Collaborations on Firm Innovation Performance: Evidence from Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1425-1434.
• Floyd, F. J. ve Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor Analysis in the Development and Refinement of Clinical Assessment Instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 286-299.
• Freeman, C. (1987). Technology Policy and Economic Performance-Lessons from Japan, London: Pinter.
• Freeman, C. (2002). Continental, National and Sub-National Innovation Systems Complementarity and Economic Growth, Research Policy, 31, 191-211.
• Fritsch, Michael (2001). Co-operation in Regional Innovation Systems. Regional Studies, 35(4), 297-307.
• Galia, F. ve Legros, D. (2004). Complementarities between Obstacles to Innovation: Evidence from France. Research Policy, 33(8), 1185-1199.
• George, D. ve Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: a Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update., Boston: Pearson.
• Gertler, M. ve Asheim, B. (2005). The Geography of Innovation: Regional Innovation Systems, in The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hadjimanolis, A., (1999). Barriers to innovation for SMEs in a small less developed country (Cyprus). Technovation, 19(9), 561-570.
• Hartono, A. ve Kusumawardhani, R. (2018). Innovation Barriers and Their Impact on Innovation: Evidence from Indonesian Manufacturing Firms. Global Business Review, 20(5), 1-18.
• Hölzl, W. ve Janger, J. (2013). Does the Analysis of Innovation Barriers Perceived by High Growth Firms Provide Information on Innovation Policy Priorities? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(8), 450-1468.
• Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cut off Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1), 1-55.
• Kalay, F., Tuncer, C. O., Kızıldere, C. ve Arslan Kalay, H. (2015). Stratejik İnovasyon Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Firma İnovasyon Performansı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 10(2), 67-77.
• Kaminski, P.C., de Oliveira, A. C. ve Lopes, T.M., (2008). Knowledge Transfer in Product Development Processes: A Case Study in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of the Metal-Mechanic Sector from São Paulo, Brazil. Technovation, 28(1-2), 29-36.
• Karakaya, A., Azade, S., Perçin, S. (2018). Türk İmalat Sanayinde Performans, İnovasyon ve Rekabet Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 4 (1) 2018, 39-59.
• Katila, R. (2000). Measuring innovation performance. International Journal of Business Performance Measurement, 2: 180-193.
• Larsson, S. ve Malmberg, A. (1999). Innovations, Competitiveness and Local Embeddedness. Geografiska Annaler Series B: Human Geography, 81(1), 1-18.
• Liao, T. ve Rice, J. (2009). Innovation Investments, Market Engagement and Financial Performance: a Study Among Australian Manufacturing SMEs. Research Policy, (39), 117-125.
• Liefner, I., Hennemann,S. ve Xin, L. (2006). Cooperation in the Innovation Process in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence from Zhongguancun, Beijing. Environment and Planning A, 38(1), 111-130.
• Lundvall, B. (1992). National System of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, London: Pinter.
• Madeira, M. J., Carvalho, J., Miguel Moreira, J.R., Duarte, F. AP. ve de São Pedro Filho, F. (2017). Barriers to Innovation and the Innovative Performance of Portuguese Firms. Journal of Business, 9(1), 2-22.
• Madrid-Guijarro, A., Garcia, D. ve Van Auken, H. (2009). Barriers to Innovation Among Spanish Manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 465-488.
• Nelson, R. (1993). National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Analysis, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Nevo, A. (2001). Measuring Market Power in the Ready-to-Eat Cereal Industry. Econometrica, 69(2), 307-342.
• Nickell, S. J. (1996). Competition and Corporate Performance. Journal of Political Economy,104, 724-746.
• Nieto, M. J. ve Santamaria, L. (2007). The Importance of Diverse Collaborative Networks for the Novelty of Product Innovation. Technovation. 27(6-7), 367-377.
• Özgür Güler, E. ve Kanber, S. (2011). İnovasyon Aktivitelerinin İnovasyon Performansı Üzerine Etkileri: İmalat Sanayii Uygulaması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(1), 61-76.
• Petrin, A. (2001). Quantifying the Benefits of New Products: The Case of the Minivan. NBER Working Paper Series, No.8227
• Poruchnyk, A. ve Brykova, I. (2006). The Regional Innovation System as the Basis for Elevating the International Competitive Status of National Regions. Kyiv: Kyiv National Economic University.
• Pourkiani, M., Farahabadi, H. S. ve Komak, M. D. (2013). Organizational Innovation, Barriers and Factors. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2 (3), 724-731.
• Robin, S ve Schubert, T. (2013). Cooperation with Public Research Institutions and Success in Innovation: Evidence from France and Germany. Research Policy, 42(1), 149-166.
• Sağ, S., Sezen, B. ve Güzel, M. (2016). Factors That Motivate or Prevent Adoption of Open Innovation by SMEs in Developing Countries and Policy Suggestions, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 756-763.
• Schmutzler, A. (2009). Is Competition Good for Innovation? A Simple Approach to an Unresolved Question. Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics,5 (6), 355-428.
• Schumacker, R. E. ve Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. New York: Taylor and Francis Group.
• Seyfettinoğlu, Ü. K. ve Taşdoğan, C. (2014). Açık İnovasyon ve Firma Performansı İlişkisi: Türkiye Gıda ve İçecek Sanayi Örneği. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 29(338), 9-38.
• Simona Iammarino & Francesca Sanna-Randaccio & Maria Savona, 2007. "The perception of obstacles to innovation. Multinational and domestic firms in Italy," Working Papers of BETA 2007-12, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
• Tomlinson, P. R. ve Fai, F. M. (2013). The Nature of SME Co-operation and Innovation: a Multi-Scalarand Multi-Dimensional Analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 141 (1), 316-326.
• Wang, Y. (2016). What are the Biggest Obstacles to Growth of SMEs in Developing Countries? – An Empirical Evidence from an Enterprise Survey. Borsa Istanbul Review, 16(3), 167-176.
• Weston, R. ve Gore, P. A. (2006). A Brief Guide To Structural Equation Modeling. The counseling psychologist, 34(5), 719-751.
• Wiig, Heidi (1996). An Empirical Study of the Innovation System in Finnmark. STEP Report Series No:199609, Studies in Technology, Innovation and Economic Policy, ISSN 0804-8185.
• Wiig, Heidi ve Wood, Michelle (1995). What Comprises a Regional Innovation System? An Empirical Study. Regional Futures: Past and Present, East and West: Regional Association Conference: Gothenburg, Sweden.
• Wu, J. (2014). Cooperation with Competitors and Product Innovation: Moderating Effects of Technological Capability and Alliances with Universities. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 199-209
• Zeng, S. X., .Xie X.M. ve Tam, C. M. (2010). Relationship between Cooperation Networks and Innovation Performance of SMEs, Technovation, 30(3), 181-194.