Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study

Yıl 2023, , 84 - 103, 27.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215

Öz

Digitalization, which started in the 1950s and accelerated after the 2000s, has brought many new technologies. Artificial intelligence is one of these technologies and it has put the field of public relations into a new transformation process. Today, artificial intelligence is used in some tasks in digital public relations; however, the role of artificial intelligence in the future of digital public relations still remains a mystery. In this study, artificial intelligence is discussed in the context of digital public relations. For this reason, the main purpose of this study is to identify new technologies and trends that may affect the future transformation of public relations. In accordance with the purpose of the study, expert opinions were used by applying the delphi technique in the research part. In the first round of this research, which consists of two rounds, it was tried to obtain as many views as possible on the research topic. In the second round of the research, the points on which the experts agreed and disagreed were determined. As a result of the research, experts agreed on 55 of 59 opinions and did not agree on 4 of them. Depending on the findings of the research, it is possible to say that digital public relations activities in the future will be based on human and artificial intelligence cooperation.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, A. K., Gans, J. S., & Goldfarb, A. (2018, 14 April). Prediction, judgment and complexity: A theory of decision making and artificial intelligence [Conference presentation]. Rotman School of Management Working Paper. Toronto, University of Toronto.
  • Alpaydın, E. (2016). Machine learning the new AI. The MIT Press.
  • Bahar, M., & Somuncu, D. N. (2021). Delphi tekniği uygulama sürecine yönelik örnek bir çalışma: Çok fonksiyonlu tarım okuryazarlığı. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 35-53. https://dx.doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.60703-814729
  • Capterra, (2021, January 12). Public relations software. https://www.capterra.ca/directory/10033/publicrelations/software?overall_rating_ge=5
  • Copeland, B. (2022, March 18).  Artificial intelligence, encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
  • Council of Europe. (n.d). History of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved January 9, 2020, https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/history-of-ai
  • Dalkey, N. (1969). An experimental study of group opinion: The Delphi method. Futures, 1(5), 408-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(69)80025-X
  • Galloway, C., & Swiatek, L. (2018). Public relations and artificial intelligence: It’s not (just) about robots. Public Relations Review, 44(5), 734-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.008
  • Gifford, J. (2010). Digital public relations: E-marketing’s big secret. Continuing Higher Education Review, 74, 62-72.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing public relations. Rinehart and Winston Inc.
  • Herbert, E. G (2005). Digital public relations: A new strategy in corporate management. Nsukka Journal of the Humanities, 15, 135-143.
  • Hsu, C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 12(10), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7275/pdz9-th90
  • Jay, L., Davari, H., Singh, J., & Pandhare, V. (2018). Industrial artificial ıntelligence for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 18, 20-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2018.09.002
  • Kemp, S. (2023, January 26). Digital 2023: Global overview report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-global-overview-report
  • Kennedy, H. P. (2004), Enhancing Delphi research: Methods and results. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(5), 504-511.
  • Liu, J., Chang, H., Forrest, Y. L., & Yang, B. (2020), Influence of artificial intelligence on technological innovation: Evidence from the panel data of China’s manufacturing sectors. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 158, 120142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120142
  • Maldonado, M. (2020, 29 October). AI in PR: The conversation has just begun. https://instituteforpr.org/ai-in-pr-the-conversation-has-just-begun/
  • Mason. (2019, January 3). How artificial intelligence helps reach target audiences. https://mason23.com/how-artificial-intelligence-helps-reach-target-audiences/
  • Mccarthy, J. (1998). What is artificial intelligence?. http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf
  • McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media the extensions of man. The MIT Press.
  • Oracle. (2022, January 5). Yapay zekâ nedir? Yapay zekâ hakkında bilgi edinin. https://www.oracle.com/tr/artificial-intelligence/what-is-ai/
  • Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: Myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x
  • Wakefield, R., & Watson, T. (2014). A reappraisal of Delphi 2.0 for public relations. Public Relations Review, 40, 577-584.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Dijital Halkla İlişkilerde Yapay Zekâ: Bir Delphi Çalışması

Yıl 2023, , 84 - 103, 27.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215

Öz

1950’li yıllarda başlamakla birlikte 2000’li yıllardan sonra hız kazanan dijitalleşme, birçok yeni teknolojiyi beraberinde getirmiştir. Bunlardan biri olan yapay zekâ, çeşitli iş ve faaliyet alanlarını dönüştürdüğü gibi halkla ilişkiler alanını da yeni bir dönüşüm sürecine sokmuştur. Günümüzde yapay zekâ, dijital halkla ilişkilerde bazı görevlerde kullanılmaktadır; ancak yapay zekanın dijital halkla ilişkiler alanının geleceğindeki rolü halen tam olarak belirlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada yapay zekâ teknolojisi dijital halkla ilişkiler bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu nedenle yapay zekâ başta olmak üzere halkla ilişkiler alanının gelecekteki dönüşümüne etki edebilecek yeni teknoloji ve trendleri belirlemek bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak araştırma kısmında delphi tekniğine başvurularak uzman görüşlerinden faydalanılmıştır. İki turdan oluşan bu araştırmanın ilk turunda araştırma konusuna yönelik olarak mümkün olan en fazla görüş elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın ikinci turunda ise ilk turda elde edilen görüşlere ilişkin olarak uzmanların üzerinde uzlaştığı ve uzlaşmadığı hususlar belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın ilk turunda 4 farklı tema altında toplam 59 farklı görüş elde edilirken ikinci turda ise bu görüşlerin 55’i üzerinde uzlaşıldığı ve 4’ü üzerinde uzlaşılmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına bağlı olarak gelecekte dijital halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin insan ve yapay zekâ iş birliğine dayalı olarak gerçekleşeceğini söylemek mümkündür.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, A. K., Gans, J. S., & Goldfarb, A. (2018, 14 April). Prediction, judgment and complexity: A theory of decision making and artificial intelligence [Conference presentation]. Rotman School of Management Working Paper. Toronto, University of Toronto.
  • Alpaydın, E. (2016). Machine learning the new AI. The MIT Press.
  • Bahar, M., & Somuncu, D. N. (2021). Delphi tekniği uygulama sürecine yönelik örnek bir çalışma: Çok fonksiyonlu tarım okuryazarlığı. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 35-53. https://dx.doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.60703-814729
  • Capterra, (2021, January 12). Public relations software. https://www.capterra.ca/directory/10033/publicrelations/software?overall_rating_ge=5
  • Copeland, B. (2022, March 18).  Artificial intelligence, encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
  • Council of Europe. (n.d). History of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved January 9, 2020, https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/history-of-ai
  • Dalkey, N. (1969). An experimental study of group opinion: The Delphi method. Futures, 1(5), 408-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(69)80025-X
  • Galloway, C., & Swiatek, L. (2018). Public relations and artificial intelligence: It’s not (just) about robots. Public Relations Review, 44(5), 734-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.008
  • Gifford, J. (2010). Digital public relations: E-marketing’s big secret. Continuing Higher Education Review, 74, 62-72.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing public relations. Rinehart and Winston Inc.
  • Herbert, E. G (2005). Digital public relations: A new strategy in corporate management. Nsukka Journal of the Humanities, 15, 135-143.
  • Hsu, C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 12(10), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7275/pdz9-th90
  • Jay, L., Davari, H., Singh, J., & Pandhare, V. (2018). Industrial artificial ıntelligence for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 18, 20-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2018.09.002
  • Kemp, S. (2023, January 26). Digital 2023: Global overview report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-global-overview-report
  • Kennedy, H. P. (2004), Enhancing Delphi research: Methods and results. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(5), 504-511.
  • Liu, J., Chang, H., Forrest, Y. L., & Yang, B. (2020), Influence of artificial intelligence on technological innovation: Evidence from the panel data of China’s manufacturing sectors. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 158, 120142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120142
  • Maldonado, M. (2020, 29 October). AI in PR: The conversation has just begun. https://instituteforpr.org/ai-in-pr-the-conversation-has-just-begun/
  • Mason. (2019, January 3). How artificial intelligence helps reach target audiences. https://mason23.com/how-artificial-intelligence-helps-reach-target-audiences/
  • Mccarthy, J. (1998). What is artificial intelligence?. http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf
  • McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media the extensions of man. The MIT Press.
  • Oracle. (2022, January 5). Yapay zekâ nedir? Yapay zekâ hakkında bilgi edinin. https://www.oracle.com/tr/artificial-intelligence/what-is-ai/
  • Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: Myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x
  • Wakefield, R., & Watson, T. (2014). A reappraisal of Delphi 2.0 for public relations. Public Relations Review, 40, 577-584.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İbrahim Çataldaş 0000-0001-8096-9177

Ebru Özgen 0000-0003-4103-2386

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Çataldaş, İ., & Özgen, E. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study. Etkileşim(12), 84-103. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215
AMA Çataldaş İ, Özgen E. Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study. Etkileşim. Ekim 2023;(12):84-103. doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215
Chicago Çataldaş, İbrahim, ve Ebru Özgen. “Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study”. Etkileşim, sy. 12 (Ekim 2023): 84-103. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215.
EndNote Çataldaş İ, Özgen E (01 Ekim 2023) Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study. Etkileşim 12 84–103.
IEEE İ. Çataldaş ve E. Özgen, “Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study”, Etkileşim, sy. 12, ss. 84–103, Ekim 2023, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215.
ISNAD Çataldaş, İbrahim - Özgen, Ebru. “Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study”. Etkileşim 12 (Ekim 2023), 84-103. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215.
JAMA Çataldaş İ, Özgen E. Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study. Etkileşim. 2023;:84–103.
MLA Çataldaş, İbrahim ve Ebru Özgen. “Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study”. Etkileşim, sy. 12, 2023, ss. 84-103, doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.215.
Vancouver Çataldaş İ, Özgen E. Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study. Etkileşim. 2023(12):84-103.