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Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3, 349 - 355, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.987665

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde alınan önlemler, sosyal izolasyon, okulların kapatılması, sosyal medya paylaşımları, sosyal aktivitelerin azalması çocuklarda korku ve kaygıya neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu (YAB) olan çocukların anksiyete ve COVID-19 korkusu düzeyini araştırmayı amaçladık. Aralık 2020-Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında çocuk psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran YAB tanılı çocuklar ile sağlıklı çocuklar değerlendirildi. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik veri formu, Durumluk-Sürekli Anksiyete Ölçeği (STAI) ve COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği verildi. Çalışmamıza YAB tanılı 47 hasta ile sağlıklı 41 çocuk katıldı. Hasta grubun yaş ortalamaları 13,4±2,4 yıl, kontrol grubunun 12,6±2,4 yıl olarak bulundu. STAI-S puan ortalaması; hasta grubunda 49,5±9,7, kontrol grubunda 29,3±6,7 bulundu. STAI-T puan ortalaması; hasta grubunda 61,4±8,9, kontrol grubunda 32,6±6,2 olarak gözlendi. COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puanları; hasta grubunda 22,2±5,5 tespit edildi ve orta düzeyde COVID-19 korkusu olabileceği düşünüldü. Kontrol grubunda 11,2±4,4 olarak gözlendi COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmemiş ve karantinaya alınmamış, YAB tanılı çocukların anksiyete ve COVID-19 korkusu düzeyleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Literatürde bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Çalışmamızın YAB olan çocukların pandemi döneminde daha çok korku ve kaygı göstermesi konusunda literatüre katkı sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışmayı destekleyen bir kurum yoktur.

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

Araştırmamıza katılan çocuklara ve ailelerine teşekkür ediyoruz

Kaynakça

  • Yu, W. B., Tang, G. D., Zhang, L., & Corlett, R. T. (2020). Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/HCoV-19) using whole genomic data. Zoological Research, 41(3), 247-57.
  • World Health Organization (2020a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): situation report-107. Retrieved April 7, 2020
  • Singh, S., Roy, M. D., Sinha, C. P. T. M. K., Parveen, C. P. T. M. S., Sharma, C. P. T. G., & Joshi, C. P. T. G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry research, 113429.
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. -Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication.
  • Reardon, S. (2015). Ebola's mental-health wounds linger in Africa: health-care workers struggle to help people who have been traumatized by the epidemic. Nature, 519(7541), 13-5
  • Pakpour, A., & Griffiths, M. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1), 58–63
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–9.
  • Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G. W. S., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., Chu, C. M., Wong, P. C., Tsang, K. W. T., & Chua, S. E. (2007). Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 233–40.
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R.J., Morganstein, J.C., Kurosawa, M. ve Benedek, D.M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(4), 281-2.
  • Fong, V. C., & Iarocci, G. (2020). Child and family outcomes following pandemics: A systematic review and recommendations on COVID-19 policies. Journal of Pediatric Psychology.
  • Haig-Ferguson, A., Cooper, K., Cartwright, E., Loades, M. E., & Daniels, J. (2021). Practitioner review: health anxiety in children and young people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 49(2), 129-43.
  • Lai, B. S., Auslander, B. A., Fitzpatrick, S. L., & Podkowirow, V. (2014, August). Disasters and depressive symptoms in children: a review. In Child & youth care forum Vol. 43, No. 4, 489-504.
  • Munro, Alasdair PS, and Saul N. Faust. "Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school." Archives of disease in childhood 105.7 (2020): 618-9.
  • de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. (2008). The processing of fear‐arousing communications: How biased processing leads to persuasion. Social Influence, 3(2), 84-113.).
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073.
  • Egunjobi, J. P. (2020). The perception of Covid-19 as a fear factor in the preparation for the pandemic aftermath. Nairobi: Researchgate, 10.
  • Tsur, N., & Abu-Raiya, H. (2020). COVID-19-related fear and stress among individuals who experienced child abuse: The mediating effect of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104694.)
  • Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden; (1983)
  • Fountoulakis KN, Papadopoulou M, Kleanthous S, Papadopoulou A, Bizeli V, Nimatoudis L, et al. . Reliability and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory form Y: preliminary data. Ann Gen Psychiatr. (2006) 5:2. 10.1186/1744-859X-5-2
  • Öner, N., & LeCompte, W. A. (1985). Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction.
  • Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Arato, N., & Zsido, A. N. (2020). On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3109
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 395, 912–20.
  • Cisler, J. M., Reardon, J. M., Williams, N. L., and Lohr, J. M. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and disgust sensitivity interact to predict contamination fears. Personal. Individ. Differ. 42, 935–46.
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of pediatrics, 221, 64.
  • Zandifar, A., & Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51.
  • Sakib, N., Akter, T., Zohra, F., Bhuiyan, A. I., Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and depression: a comparative study among the general population and healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Bangladesh. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-17.
  • Strang, P., Fürst, P., & Schultz, T. (2020). Excess deaths from COVID-19 correlate with age and socio-economic status. A database study in the Stockholm region. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 125(4), 297-304.
  • Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., Zhou, X., Xu, S., Huang, H., ... & Song, Y. (2020). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA internal medicine, 180(7), 934-43.
  • Dhama, K., Patel, S. K., Kumar, R., Rana, J., Yatoo, M. I., Kumar, A., ... & Harapan, H. (2020). Geriatric population during COVID-19 pandemic: problems, considerations, exigencies and beyond Head Title: Geriatrics during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in public health, 8, 562.
  • Usher, K., Durkin, J., & Bhullar, N. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic and mental health impacts. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(3), 315.
  • Arısoy, A., & Murat, Ç. A. Y. Yaşlı Bireylerde Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Korkusu; Yetişkin Bireylerle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, (17), 82-97.
  • Nguyen, H. T., Do, B. N., Pham, K. M., Kim, G. B., Dam, H. T., Nguyen, T. T., ... & Duong, T. V. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale—associations of its scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4164.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934.
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1-14.)
  • DiGiovanni, C., Conley, J., Chiu, D., & Zaborski, J. (2004). Factors influencing compliance with quarantine in Toronto during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science, 2(4), 265-72.
  • Lee, S., Chan, L. Y., Chau, A. M., Kwok, K. P., & Kleinman, A. (2005). The experience of SARS-related stigma at Amoy Gardens. Social science & medicine, 61(9), 2038-46.
  • Reynolds, D. L., Garay, J. R., Deamond, S. L., Moran, M. K., Gold, W., & Styra, R. (2008). Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiology & Infection, 136(7), 997-1007.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 7(1), 105-10.
  • Cava, M. A., Fay, K. E., Beanlands, H. J., McCay, E. A., & Wignall, R. (2005). The experience of quarantine for individuals affected by SARS in Toronto. Public Health Nursing, 22(5), 398-406.
  • Mihashi, M., Otsubo, Y., Yinjuan, X., Nagatomi, K., Hoshiko, M., & Ishitake, T. (2009). Predictive factors of psychological disorder development during recovery following SARS outbreak. Health Psychology, 28(1), 91.
  • Saurabh, K., & Ranjan, S. (2020). Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87, 532-6.
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954.
  • Haider, I. I., Tiwana, F., & Tahir, S. M. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(COVID19-S4), S90.
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of pediatrics, 221, 264.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 7(1), 105-10.

Fear of COVID -19 Infection in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3, 349 - 355, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.987665

Öz

The measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation, closure of schools, social media posts, and decrease in social activities cause fear and anxiety in children. In our study, we aimed to investigate the level of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in children with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Children with GAD and healthy children who applied to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic between December 2020 and February 2021 were evaluated. The participants were given a sociodemographic data form, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), and the COVID-19 Fear Scale.47 patients with GAD and 41 healthy children were included in our study. The mean age of the patient group was 13.4±2.4 years, and 12.6±2.4 years in the control group. STAI-S average score; 49.5±9.7 in the patient group and 29.3±6.7 in the control group. STAI-T mean score; it was observed as 61.4±8.9 in the patient group and 32.6±6.2 in the control group. COVID-19 Fear Scale scores; 22.2±5.5 was detected in the patient group and it was thought that there may be a moderate fear of COVID-19. It was observed as 11.2±4.4 in the control group. The levels of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 were found to be high in children with GAD who did not have COVID-19 infection and were not quarantined. Studies on this subject in the literature are limited. We believe that our study will contribute to the literature on children with GAD showing more fear and anxiety during the pandemic period.

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • Yu, W. B., Tang, G. D., Zhang, L., & Corlett, R. T. (2020). Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/HCoV-19) using whole genomic data. Zoological Research, 41(3), 247-57.
  • World Health Organization (2020a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): situation report-107. Retrieved April 7, 2020
  • Singh, S., Roy, M. D., Sinha, C. P. T. M. K., Parveen, C. P. T. M. S., Sharma, C. P. T. G., & Joshi, C. P. T. G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry research, 113429.
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. -Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication.
  • Reardon, S. (2015). Ebola's mental-health wounds linger in Africa: health-care workers struggle to help people who have been traumatized by the epidemic. Nature, 519(7541), 13-5
  • Pakpour, A., & Griffiths, M. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1), 58–63
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–9.
  • Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G. W. S., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., Chu, C. M., Wong, P. C., Tsang, K. W. T., & Chua, S. E. (2007). Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 233–40.
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R.J., Morganstein, J.C., Kurosawa, M. ve Benedek, D.M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(4), 281-2.
  • Fong, V. C., & Iarocci, G. (2020). Child and family outcomes following pandemics: A systematic review and recommendations on COVID-19 policies. Journal of Pediatric Psychology.
  • Haig-Ferguson, A., Cooper, K., Cartwright, E., Loades, M. E., & Daniels, J. (2021). Practitioner review: health anxiety in children and young people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 49(2), 129-43.
  • Lai, B. S., Auslander, B. A., Fitzpatrick, S. L., & Podkowirow, V. (2014, August). Disasters and depressive symptoms in children: a review. In Child & youth care forum Vol. 43, No. 4, 489-504.
  • Munro, Alasdair PS, and Saul N. Faust. "Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school." Archives of disease in childhood 105.7 (2020): 618-9.
  • de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. (2008). The processing of fear‐arousing communications: How biased processing leads to persuasion. Social Influence, 3(2), 84-113.).
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073.
  • Egunjobi, J. P. (2020). The perception of Covid-19 as a fear factor in the preparation for the pandemic aftermath. Nairobi: Researchgate, 10.
  • Tsur, N., & Abu-Raiya, H. (2020). COVID-19-related fear and stress among individuals who experienced child abuse: The mediating effect of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104694.)
  • Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden; (1983)
  • Fountoulakis KN, Papadopoulou M, Kleanthous S, Papadopoulou A, Bizeli V, Nimatoudis L, et al. . Reliability and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory form Y: preliminary data. Ann Gen Psychiatr. (2006) 5:2. 10.1186/1744-859X-5-2
  • Öner, N., & LeCompte, W. A. (1985). Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction.
  • Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Arato, N., & Zsido, A. N. (2020). On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3109
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 395, 912–20.
  • Cisler, J. M., Reardon, J. M., Williams, N. L., and Lohr, J. M. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and disgust sensitivity interact to predict contamination fears. Personal. Individ. Differ. 42, 935–46.
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of pediatrics, 221, 64.
  • Zandifar, A., & Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51.
  • Sakib, N., Akter, T., Zohra, F., Bhuiyan, A. I., Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and depression: a comparative study among the general population and healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Bangladesh. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-17.
  • Strang, P., Fürst, P., & Schultz, T. (2020). Excess deaths from COVID-19 correlate with age and socio-economic status. A database study in the Stockholm region. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 125(4), 297-304.
  • Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., Zhou, X., Xu, S., Huang, H., ... & Song, Y. (2020). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA internal medicine, 180(7), 934-43.
  • Dhama, K., Patel, S. K., Kumar, R., Rana, J., Yatoo, M. I., Kumar, A., ... & Harapan, H. (2020). Geriatric population during COVID-19 pandemic: problems, considerations, exigencies and beyond Head Title: Geriatrics during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in public health, 8, 562.
  • Usher, K., Durkin, J., & Bhullar, N. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic and mental health impacts. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(3), 315.
  • Arısoy, A., & Murat, Ç. A. Y. Yaşlı Bireylerde Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Korkusu; Yetişkin Bireylerle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, (17), 82-97.
  • Nguyen, H. T., Do, B. N., Pham, K. M., Kim, G. B., Dam, H. T., Nguyen, T. T., ... & Duong, T. V. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale—associations of its scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4164.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934.
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1-14.)
  • DiGiovanni, C., Conley, J., Chiu, D., & Zaborski, J. (2004). Factors influencing compliance with quarantine in Toronto during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science, 2(4), 265-72.
  • Lee, S., Chan, L. Y., Chau, A. M., Kwok, K. P., & Kleinman, A. (2005). The experience of SARS-related stigma at Amoy Gardens. Social science & medicine, 61(9), 2038-46.
  • Reynolds, D. L., Garay, J. R., Deamond, S. L., Moran, M. K., Gold, W., & Styra, R. (2008). Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiology & Infection, 136(7), 997-1007.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 7(1), 105-10.
  • Cava, M. A., Fay, K. E., Beanlands, H. J., McCay, E. A., & Wignall, R. (2005). The experience of quarantine for individuals affected by SARS in Toronto. Public Health Nursing, 22(5), 398-406.
  • Mihashi, M., Otsubo, Y., Yinjuan, X., Nagatomi, K., Hoshiko, M., & Ishitake, T. (2009). Predictive factors of psychological disorder development during recovery following SARS outbreak. Health Psychology, 28(1), 91.
  • Saurabh, K., & Ranjan, S. (2020). Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87, 532-6.
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954.
  • Haider, I. I., Tiwana, F., & Tahir, S. M. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(COVID19-S4), S90.
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of pediatrics, 221, 264.
  • Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 7(1), 105-10.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikiyatri
Bölüm Özgün Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Büşra Öz 0000-0002-0561-9473

Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar 0000-0002-6389-4377

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 20 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öz, B., & Yıldız Miniksar, D. (2021). Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(3), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.987665
AMA Öz B, Yıldız Miniksar D. Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu. Uludağ Tıp Derg. Aralık 2021;47(3):349-355. doi:10.32708/uutfd.987665
Chicago Öz, Büşra, ve Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar. “Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk Ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 47, sy. 3 (Aralık 2021): 349-55. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.987665.
EndNote Öz B, Yıldız Miniksar D (01 Aralık 2021) Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 47 3 349–355.
IEEE B. Öz ve D. Yıldız Miniksar, “Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu”, Uludağ Tıp Derg, c. 47, sy. 3, ss. 349–355, 2021, doi: 10.32708/uutfd.987665.
ISNAD Öz, Büşra - Yıldız Miniksar, Dilşad. “Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk Ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 47/3 (Aralık 2021), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.987665.
JAMA Öz B, Yıldız Miniksar D. Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu. Uludağ Tıp Derg. 2021;47:349–355.
MLA Öz, Büşra ve Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar. “Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk Ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 47, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 349-55, doi:10.32708/uutfd.987665.
Vancouver Öz B, Yıldız Miniksar D. Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu Korkusu. Uludağ Tıp Derg. 2021;47(3):349-55.

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License" ile lisanslanmaktadır.


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Journal of Uludag University Medical Faculty is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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