DİJİTAL OLGUNLUK İNDEKSİ: ORGANİZASYONLARIN DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM YOLCULUĞUNDA VERİMLİLİĞİ ARTIRMAK İÇİN BİR KANTİTATİF YÖNTEM

Yıl 2022, , 17 - 29, 12.01.2022

Umut Şener , Ebru Gökalp , Erhan Eren

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1002353

Cited By: 5

Öz

Amaç: Literatürde dijital dönüşüm için geliştirilmiş olgunluk modellerinin incelenmesi ve yeni bir indeks yapısının temellerinin oluşturulması hedeflenmektedir. Böylece, işletmelerin mevcut dijital dönüşüm düzeylerini analiz edebilmesi, diğer işletmelerle objektif bir şekilde kıyas yapabilmesi, etkin bir şekilde dijital dönüşümü yönetebilmesi ve verimliliğini artırması beklenmektedir.

Yöntem: Sistematik literatür taraması sonucunda tespit edilen 23 Olgunluk Modeli kapsam, amaca uygunluk, boyutların tamlığı gibi bir dizi kritere göre karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiştir. Belirlenen eksiklikleri gidermek amacıyla işletmelerin dijital dönüşüm yeteneklerini kantitatif olarak değerlendiren yeni bir dijital olgunluk indeksi önerilmiştir.

Bulgular: Analiz edilen olgunluk modellerinden hiçbiri beklenen kriterleri tam olarak karşılamadığından iyileştirilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ‘Strateji, Bilgi Teknolojileri, İnsan, Veri ve Süreçler’ boyutlarının değerlendirilmesinden oluşan bütünsel bir yaklaşım sunulmuştur.

Özgünlük: İşletmeler dijital dönüşüm yolculuğunda kaynaklarını en verimli şekilde kullanarak, nereden başlanması ve nelerin yapılması gerektiğiyle ilgili bir yol haritası eksikliği yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışma, yatırım geri dönüş oranı en yüksek dijital dönüşüm projelerinin takvimini içeren bir rehberlik sunarak bu alandaki literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstri 4.0, Dijital Dönüşüm, Verimlilik, Sistematik Literatür Taraması

DIGITAL MATURITY INDEX: A QUANTITATIVE METHOD to INCREASE EFFICIENCY in ORGANIZATIONS' DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION JOURNEY

Öz

Purpose: It is aimed to examine the maturity models developed for digital transformation in the literature and to establish the foundations of a new index structure. Thus, it is expected that businesses will be able to analyze their current digital transformation levels, objectively compare with other businesses, manage digital transformation effectively, and increase their productivity.

Methodology: 23 Maturity Models, which are determined as a result of systematic literature review, were analyzed by comparing them according to a set of criteria such as scope, suitability for purpose, and completeness of dimensions. In order to eliminate the identified deficiencies, a new digital maturity index that quantitatively evaluates the digital transformation capabilities of enterprises is proposed.

Findings: None of the analyzed maturity models fully meet the expected criteria and need to be improved. This study presents a holistic approach consisting of the evaluation of Strategy, Information Technologies, People, Data, and Processes dimensions.

Originality: In the digital transformation journey, businesses lack a roadmap about where to start and what to do by using their resources efficiently. This study will contribute to the literature in this field by providing a guideline that includes the calendar of digital transformation projects with the highest return on investment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industry 4.0, Digital Transformation, Productivity, Systematic Literature Review

Kaynakça

• Akdil, K.Y., Ustundag, A. ve Cevikcan, E. (2018). “Maturity and Readiness Model for Industry 4.0 Strategy”, Industry 4.0: Managing the Digital Transformation, Editör: Pham, D.T., 61-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57870-5_4.
• Asdecker, B. ve Felch, V. (2018). “Development of an Industry 4.0 Maturity Model for the Delivery Process in Supply Chains”, Journal of Modelling in Management, 13(4), 840-883.
• Bibby, L. ve Dehe, B. (2018). “The Management of Operations Defining and Assessing Industry 4.0 Maturity Levels-Case of the Defence Sector”, Production Planning and Control, 29(12), 1030-1043.
• Caiado, R.G.G., Scavarda, L.F., Gavião, L.O., Ivson, P., De Mattos Nascimento, D.L. ve Garza-Reyes, J.A. (2021). “A Fuzzy Rule-Based Industry 4.0 Maturity Model for Operations and Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Production Economics, 231.
• Colli, M., Madsen, O., Berger, U., Møller, C., Wæhrens, B.V. ve Bockholt, M. (2018). “Contextualizing the Outcome of a Maturity Assessment for Industry 4.0”, IFAC-Papers OnLine, 51(11), 1347-1352.
• Faarup, J. ve Faarup, A. (2017). “Global Industry 4.0 Readiness Report 2016”, Danish Institute of Industry 4.0 (DII 4.0).
• Facchini, F., Oleśków-Szłapka, J., Ranieri, L. ve Urbinati, A. (2020). “A Maturity Model for Logistics 4.0: An Empirical Analysis and a Roadmap for Future Research”, Sustainability, 12(1), 86.
• Fidan, E. T. (2020). “Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Sanayi Politikalarının Uygulanması ve Kamu, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve Özel Sektörün Sürdürülebilir Sanayi Politikalarına İlişkin Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi”, Verimlilik Dergisi, 2, 73-100.
• Lanza, G., Nyhuis, P., Ansari, S. M., Kuprat, T. ve Liebrecht, C. (2016). “Befähigungs-und Einführungsstrategien für Industrie 4.0”, Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, 111(1-2), 76-79.
• Ganzarain, J. ve Errasti, N. (2016). “Three Stage Maturity Model in SME’s Toward Industry 4.0”, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 9(5), 1119.
• Glogovac, M., Ruso, J. ve Maricic, M. (2020). “ISO 9004 Maturity Model for Quality in Industry 4.0”, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, DOI:10.1080/14783363.2020.1865793.
• Gökalp, E., Gökalp, M.O., Çoban, S. ve Eren, P.E. (2019). “Dijital Dönüşümün Etkisinde Verimli İstihdam Yönetimi: Yol Haritasi Önerisi”, Verimlilik Dergisi, 3, 201-222.
• Gökalp, E., Şener, U. ve Eren, P.E. (2017). “Development of an Assessment Model for Industry 4.0: Industry 4.0-MM”, International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, 128-142.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2017.03.004.
• Lichtblau, K., Stich, V., Bertenrath, R., Blum, M., Bleider, M., Millack, A., Schmitt, K., Schmitz, E. ve Schröter, M. (2015). “IMPULS - Industrie 4.0- Readiness”, https://www.industrie40-readiness.de/?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi 15.08.2021).
• Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., ve Helbig, J., Eds. (2013). “Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry”; Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group, Forschungsunion, https://essay.utwente.nl/70665/1/Balasingham_BA_MA.pdf, (Erişim tarihi 15.08.2021).
• Kitchenham, B. (2004). “Procedures for Performing Systematic Reviews”, Keele, UK, Keele University, 33(TR/SE-0401),28. http://www.elizabete.com.br/rs/Tutorial_IHC_2012_files/Conceitos_RevisaoSistematica_kitchenham_2004.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1.1.122.3308, (Erişim tarihi 15.08.2021).
• Leyh, C., Sch, T., Bley, K. ve Forstenh, S. (2017). “Assessing the IT and Software Landscapes of Industry 4.0-Enterprises: The Maturity Model SIMMI 4.0”, Information Technology for Management: New Ideas and Real Solutions, 277, 103–119.
• Leyh, C., Schäffer, T., Bley, K. ve Forstenhäusler, S. (2016). “SIMMI 4.0-A Maturity Model for Classifying the Enterprise-Wide IT and Software Landscape Focusing on Industry 4.0”, 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FEDCSIS), 8, 1297-1302.
• Lin, T., Wang, K.J. ve Sheng, M.L. (2020). “To Assess Smart Manufacturing Readiness by Maturity Model: A Case Study on Taiwan Enterprises”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33(1), 102-115. Menon, K., Kärkkäinen, H. ve Lasrado, L. (2016). “Towards a Maturity Modeling Approach for the Implementation of Industrial Internet”, Proceeding of the 20th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2016), Chaiyi, Tayvan, 27 Haziran-1 Temmuz 2016.
• Mittal, S., Khan, M.A., Romero, D. ve Wuest, T. (2018). “A Critical Review of Smart Manufacturing & Industry 4.0 Maturity Models: Implications for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 49, 194-214.
• PricewaterhouseCoopers (2016). “The Industry 4.0/Digital Operations Self-Assessment”, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/industries-4.0/landing-page/industry-4.0-building-your-digital-enterprise-april-2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
• Rafael, L.D., Jaione, G.E., Cristina, L. ve Ibon, S.L. (2020). “An Industry 4.0 Maturity Model for Machine Tool Companies”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 159, 120203.
• Rauch, E., Unterhofer, M., Rojas, R.A., Gualtieri, L., Woschank, M. ve Matt, D.T. (2020). “A Maturity Level-Based Assessment Tool to Enhance the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises”, Sustainability, 12(9), 3559.
• Reiner, A. (2014). “Industrie 4.0-Advanced Engineering of Smart Products and Smart Production”, 19th International Seminar on High Technology, Santa Barbara d'Oeste, Brezilya, 9 Ekim 2014.
• Rockwell Automation (2014). “The Connected Enterprise Maturity Model”, http://www.rockwellautomation.com, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
• Rüßmann, M., Lorenz, M., Gerbert, P., Waldner, M., Justus, J., Engel, P. ve Harnisch, M. (2015). “Industry 4.0, The Future of Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing”, Boston Consulting Group, 9(1), 54-89.
• Santos, R.C. ve Martinho, J.L. (2019). “An Industry 4.0 Maturity Model Proposal”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(5), 1023-1043.
• Schuh, G., Anderl, R., Gausemeier, J., ten Hompel, M. ve Wahlster, W. (2017). “Industry 4.0 Maturity Index Managing the Digital Transformation of Companies”, Acatech–National Academy of Science and Engineering, 61(12), 32-35.
• Schumacher, A., Erol, S. ve Sihn, W. (2016). “A Maturity Model for Assessing and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises”, Procedia CIRP, 52, 161-166.
• Şener, U., Gökalp, E. ve Eren, P.E. (2016). “Cloud-Based Enterprise Information Systems: Determinants of Adoption in the Context of Organizations”, International Conference on Information and Software Technologies, 53-66, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46254-7_5.
• Şener, U., Gökalp, E. ve Eren, P.E. (2017). “ClouDSS: A Decision Support System for Cloud Service Selection”, International Conference on the Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, 10537 LNCS(November), 249-261, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68066-8_19.
• Şener, U., Gökalp, E. ve Eren, P.E. (2019). “Towards a Maturity Model for Industry 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review and a Model Proposal”, Industry 4.0 from the Management Information Systems Perspectives, Editörler: Gülseçen, S., Reis, Z. A., Gezer, M., ve Erol, Ç., Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang Verlag, 291-303, DOI: 10.3726/b15120.
• Shrouf, F., Ordieres, J. ve Miragliotta, G. (2014). “Smart Factories in Industry 4.0: A Review of the Concept and of Energy Management Approached in Production Based on the Internet of Things Paradigm”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2015-Janua, 697-701, DOI: 10.1109/IEEM.2014.7058728.
• Sjödin, D.R., Parida, V., Leksell, M. ve Petrovic, A. (2018). “Smart Factory Implementation and Process Innovation Smart Factory Implementation and Process Innovation A Preliminary Maturity Model for Leveraging Digitalization in Manufacturing”, Research-Technology Management, 61(5), 22-31.
• Sternad, M. (2018). “Maturity Levels for Logistics 4.0 Based on Nrw’S Industry 4.0 Maturity Model”, Business Logistics in Modern Management, 18, 695-708.
• Tasarov, I.V. (2018). “Technologies of 4.0 Industry: Impact on the Performance Improvement of Industrial Companies”, Strategic Decision and Risk Management, 2, 107.