Evaluation of poisoning cases in domestic animals in the Samsun province within the frame of systematic toxicological analysis principles

Abstract

There are several physicochemically distinct substances that cause poisoning in animals, such as drugs, pesticides, mycotoxins. Therefore, toxicological analysis of suspected poisoning samples is a difficult and complex process. Systematic Toxicological Analysis (STA), which is an operation protocol used to scan toxic substances in different samples, eliminates this confusion and provides a precise and rapid diagnosis. The STA protocol covers the steps of sampling, sample preparation, screening tests, quantitation, data evaluation and reporting of the results. The fact that the toxicology laboratory is aware of the common causes of poisonings in the regions it serves, adds one step further to the STA protocol and increases the rate of correct diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify common animal poisonings and common toxic substances in Samsun, thereby improving the STA protocol used in the toxicology laboratory. For this purpose, a questionnaire regarding the frequently encountered poisoning cases was conducted to 40 veterinarians (38 males, 2 females) working in Samsun province. As a result of the survey, it was found that the most common causes of poisonings in animals in the last five years were pesticides, herbal poisons and drugs, respectively. The numbers of suspected cases of poisoning by animal species were determined as dogs (131), cattle (109), sheep (76), cats (22), poultry (22) and horses (2). It was determined that 65% of the participants (n = 26) did not send any poisoning suspected samples to the laboratory. Based on the obtained results and current literature data, it was concluded that STA is a fast, accurate and effective process for establishing correct diagnostic protocols for poisoning cases.

Keywords

• Systematic toxicological analysis
• Veterinary
• Poisoning

Samsun ve çevresinde evcil hayvanlarda görülen zehirlenme vakalarının sistematik toksikolojik analiz prensipleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Hayvanlarda zehirlenmeye neden olan ilaçlar, pestisitler, mikotoksinler gibi fizikokimyasal olarak farklı çok sayıda madde bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, zehirlenme şüpheli örneklerin toksikolojik analizleri zorlu ve karmaşık süreçtir. Zehirli maddelerin çeşitli örneklerde belirli bir protokol içerisinde taranması işlemi olan sistematik toksikolojik analiz (STA) ile bu karmaşa giderilmekte, doğru ve hızlı teşhis sağlanabilmektedir. STA protokolü, numunenin alınması, örnek hazırlama, ön ve ana tarama testleri, miktar tayini, verilerin değerlendirilmesi ve sonuçların raporlanması basamaklarını kapsamaktadır. Toksikoloji laboratuvarının hizmet verdiği bölgelerde sıklıkla meydana gelen zehirlenmeleri bilmesi ise STA protokolünü bir adım ileri taşımakta ve doğru teşhis oranını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Samsun ve çevresinde hayvanlarda meydana gelen zehirlenme vakalarının ve sıklıkla zehirlenmeye neden olan maddelerin belirlenmesi, böylece toksikoloji laboratuvarında kullanılan STA protokolünün geliştirilmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla Samsun ilinde görev yapan 40 veteriner hekime (38 erkek, 2 kadın), sıklıkla karşılaştıkları zehirlenme vakaları ile ilgili anket uygulaması gerçekleştirildi. Anket sonucunda Samsun ilinde hayvanlarda son beş yılda en fazla görülen zehirlenme nedenlerinin sırasıyla pestisitler, bitkisel zehirler ve ilaçlar olduğu belirlendi. Zehirlenme şüpheli vaka sayısı hayvan türlerine göre köpek (131), sığır (109), koyun (76), kedi (22), kanatlı hayvanlar (22) ve at (2) olarak tespit edildi. Katılımcıların % 65’inin (n=26) zehirlenme şüphesi ile son beş yıl içerisinde laboratuvara hiç numune göndermediği tespit edildi. Elde edilen veriler ve güncel literatürlerin incelenmesi neticesinde, STA’nın zehirlenme vakalarının doğru teşhis protokollerinin oluşturulmasında hızlı, güvenli ve etkili bir süreç olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sistematik toksikolojik analiz
• Veteriner
• Zehirlenme

Kaynakça

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