MOTHER’S EMPLOYMENT, CHILD CARE USE AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 17 - 35, 31.12.2018

Didem Pekkurnaz

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.458003

Öz

This
paper aims to analyze the effects of mother’s employment and non-parental child
care on cognitive development in early childhood. Investment in the development
of children at early rather than later ages provides higher returns in terms of
labor market outcomes. Thus, decision making process of primary care givers are
extremely important at this period. A nationally representative longitudinal
data for the United States of America is used in this paper. Hybrid production
function for the cognitive development is estimated within a dynamic framework
using a two-step system Generalized Method of Moments estimator. The results
show that more hours of center-based care significantly increase cognitive
achievement and this holds true when center-based care is defined as full- or
part-time. Furthermore, both a high quality home environment and a high quality
out-of-home child care improve a child’s cognitive development while there is
no statistically significant impact of maternal work hours.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child Care, Cognitive Development, Generalized Method of Moments

ANNENİN İSTİHDAMI, ÇOCUK BAKIMI KULLANIMI VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİNDE BİLİŞSEL GELİŞİM

Öz

Bu
çalışma annenin istihdamının ve çoçuk bakımı kullanımının erken çocukluk döneminde
bilişsel gelişim üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlar. Çocukların
gelişimine geç yaşta degil erken yaşta yatırım yapmak daha yüksek emek piyasası
getirileri sağlar. Bu yüzden öncelikli bakım sağlayıcıların bu dönemde karar
verme süreci oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için
ulusal temsili bir panel veri kullanılır. İki aşamalı sistem Genelleştirilmiş
Beklemler Yöntemi tahmincisi kullanılarak dinamik bir çerçevede bilişsel
gelişim için hibrit üretim fonksiyonu tahmin edilir. Sonuçlar daha fazla saat kreş
kullanımının bilişsel gelişimi anlamlı olarak etkilediğini ve bunun kreş
kullanımı tam ya da yarı zamanlı olarak tanımlandığında da geçerli olduğunu gösterir. Ayrıca, annenin
çalışma saati istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değilken yüksek kalite ev ortamı ve
ev dışı çocuk bakımının her ikisi de çocukların bilişsel gelişimini geliştirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk Bakımı, Bilişsel Gelişim, Genelleştirilmiş Beklemler Yöntemi

Kaynakça

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