Yükseköğretimde Gelecek Senaryolarına İlişkin Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Görüşleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 105 - 115, 01.08.2017

Faruk Levent R. Şamil Tatık Semih Çayak Bahar Doğan

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yükseköğretimde gelecek senaryolarına ilişkin eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin görüşlerini incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseniyle yürütülmüş olan bu çalışma kapsamında İstanbul ilindeki bir devlet üniversitesinde eğitim alan eğitim fakültesi öğrencileriyle odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, gönüllülük esaslı amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler kodlanarak kategoriler altında toplanmış ve betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına dayanarak katılımcıların yükseköğretimin geleceğine ilişkin iyimser, farklı ve orijinal senaryolar ileri sürdükleri söylenebilir. Bulgular arasında; gelecekte yükseköğretime giriş sınavlarının kalkacağı, öğrenci seçiminde problem çözme ve teknolojiyi kullanma becerisi gibi kriterlere bakılacağı, derslerin tartışma ve proje odaklı işleneceği, ders değerlendirmelerinin akran görüşü ve ürün üzerinden yapılacağı, eğitimde robot öğretmenlerin kullanılacağı şeklindeki katılımcı görüşleri dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelecek, gelecek senaryoları, fenomenoloji, üniversite, yükseköğretim.

The views of the education faculty students on future scenarios in higher education: A phenomenological analysis

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine education faculty students' views relating to future scenarios in higher education. Phenomenology model, one of the qualitative methods, was used in the research. The study's data obtained by using interview method which is one of the quality research techniques. In the research, focus group interview was executed on university students studying in a faculty of education in a state university in Istanbul. The working group was created having a specified goal sampling method. The obtained data was gathered under categories by coding and descriptive analysis was made. Based on the findings of the research, students have typically optimistic, different and original views on scenarios about future of higher education. Among the findings, it is remarked that the entrance exams to higher education will be repealed, the criterions as problem solving and technology skills will be tested on choice of student, lessons will be taught as discussion and project oriented, evaluations of lesson will be made through peer opinion and product, robotic teachers will be used in education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Future, future scenarios, higher education, phenomenology, university.

Kaynakça

• Alexander, B. (2014). Higher education in 2014: Glimpsing the future. Educause Review, 49(5), 91–98.
• Anderson, J., Boyles, J. L., and Rainie, L. (2012). The future of higher education. Pew Research Center. 15 Mart 2016 tarihinde http://www.pewinternet. org/2012/07/27/the-future-of-higher-education/ adresinden erişildi.
• Aubusson, P., and Schuck, S. (2013). Teacher education futures: Today’s trends, tomorrow’s expectations. Teacher Development, 17(3), 322–333.
• Avella, J., Kebritchi, M., Nunn, S., and Kanai, T. (2016). Learning analyt- ics methods, benefits, and challenges in higher education: A systematic literature review. Online Learning, 20(2), 1–17.
• Azman, N., Sirat, M., and Karim, M. A. (2010). Building future scenarios for Malaysian universities. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 3(1), 86–99.
• Bakioğlu, A. (2015). Yükseköğretimin yönetimi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Beynaghi, A., Trencher, G., Moztarzadeh, F., Mozafari, M., Maknoon, R., and Leal Filho, W. (2016). Future sustainability scenarios for universi- ties: Moving beyond the United Nations decade of education for sus- tainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3464–3478.
• Bhattacharya, J. (2012). Higher education in India: Emerging scenario. Indian Journal of Higher Education, 3(1), 34–37.
• Billington, P. J., and Fronmueller, M. P. (2013). Moocs and the future of high- er education. Journal of Higher Education: Theory and Practice, 13(3/4), 36–43.
• British Council (2014). Understanding India - The future of higher education and opportunities for international cooperation. 08 Şubat 2016 tarihinde https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/understanding_india_ report.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Blass, E., and Hayward, P. (2014). Innovation in higher education: Will there be a role for “the academe/university” in 2025? European Journal of Futures Research, 2(1), 1–9.
• Blass, E., Jasman, A., and Shelley, S. (2010). Visioning 2035: The future of the higher education sector in the UK. Futures, 42(5), 445–453.
• Bradshaw, D. (2013). The fifty ideas that shaped business today. Financial Times, June, 49.
• Brennan, J., Enders, J., Musselin, C., Teichler, U., and Valimaa, J. (2008). Higher education looking forward: An agenda for future research. Strasbourg: European Science Foundation.
• Casares, J., Dickson, D. A., Hannigan, T. Hinton, J., and Phelps, A. (2011). The future of teaching and learning in higher education. 12 Ocak 2016 tarihinde https://www.rit.edu/provost/sites/rit.edu.provost/files/future_of_teaching_ and_learning_reportv13.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Castaño Muñoz, J., Redecker, C., Vuorikari, R., and Punie, Y. (2013). Open Education 2030: Planning the future of adult learning in Europe. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 28(3), 171–186.
• Christensen, C. M. (2008). Disruptive innovation and catalytic change in higher education. 14 Ocak 2016 tarihinde https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ ff0810s.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Christensen, C. M., and Eyring, H. J. (2011). The innovative university: Changing the DNA of higher education from the inside out. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Christensen, C. M., and Eyring, H. J. (2012). The innovative university: Changing the DNA of higher education. In Devlin, M.E. (Ed.), Forum futures (pp. 47–53). Cambridge, MA: Forum Futures.
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Çanak, T. A. (2011). Dijital çağda kütüphanelerin yeni yüzü: bilgiye erişim merkezleri. Bilgi çağında varoluş: “Fırsatlar ve Tehditler” Sempozyumu bildiriler kitabı. İstanbul: ÜNAK. 24 Şubat 2016 tari- hinde http://www.bby.hacettepe.edu.tr/akademik/tolgacakmak/file/ unak09.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Diaz, V., Brown, M., and Pelletier, S. G. (2013). Learning and the massive open online courses: A report on the ELI focus session (ELI White Papers). Washington: Educause. 24 Mart 2016 tarihinde https://net.educause. edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3029.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Dwivedi, P., and Maheshwari, M. (2013). A study of current scenario of Indian higher education system. Indian Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 52–57.
• Eckersley, R. (1999). Dreams and expectation: Young people expectation and preferred futures and their significance for education. Futures 31(1), 73–90.
• EDUCAUSE. (2010). The future of higher education: Beyond the campus. 22 Şubat 2016 tarihinde http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/ future-higher-education-beyond-campus adresinden erişildi.
• Facer, K., and Sandford, R. (2010). The next 25 years? Future scenarios and future directions for education and technology. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26(1), 74–93.
• Glenn, A. D. (1997). Technology and the continuing education of class- room teachers. Peabody Journal of Education, 72(1), 122–128.
• Glenn, M., and D’Agostino, D. (2008). The future of higher education: How tech- nology will shape learning. The Economist Intelligence Unit. 13 Ocak 2016 tarihinde https://www.nmc.org/pdf/Future-of-Higher-Ed-(NMC).pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Gültekin, M. (2006). Eğitimde güncel bir kavram: Gelecek. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 45, 61–83.
• Higgins, B., and Thomas, I. (2016). Education for sustainability in univer- sities: Challenges and opportunities for change. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 32(1), 91–108.
• Huisman, J., Boer, H., and Bótas, P. C. P. (2012). Where do we go from here? The future of English higher education. Higher Education Quarterly, 66(4), 341–362.
• Karadağ, R., and Kayabaşı, B. (2013). Future scenarios regarding tablet computer usage in education and writing. Asian Social Science, 9(17), 105–110.
• Küçükcan, T. ve Gür, B. S. (2009). Türkiye’de yükseköğretim: Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Ankara: SETA.
• Levent, F. (2016). The economic impacts of international students mobility in the globalization process. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 3853– 3870.
• McIntyre, C. (2004). Using scenarios and simulations to plan colleges. Planning for Higher Education, 33, 18–29.
• Mowery, D. C., and Sampat, B. N. (2006). Universities in national innova- tion systems. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, and R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 209–236). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
• OECD (2006). Four future scenarios for higher education. 13 Şubat 2016 tari- hinde https://www.oecd.org/edu/skills-beyond-school/42241931.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Ogilvy, J. (1993). Three scenarios for higher education: The California case. The NEA Higher Education Journal, 9(1), 25–67.
• Parlar, H. (2012). Bilgi toplumu, değişim ve yeni eğitim paradigmasi. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4, 193–209.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Redecker, C., Leis, M., Leendertse, M., Punie, Y., Gijsbers, G., Kirshner, P., ... Hoogveld, B. (2011). The future of learning: Preparing for change. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the EC.
• Ritzen, J. M. M. (2006). Scenarios for higher education, 2020 or when will China invade Iran? Keynote address during the OECD Ministerial Meeting, June 27, 2006, Athens, Greece. ??? tarihinde http://prea2k30.scicog.fr/ ressources/accesfichier/24.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Sellin, B. (2002). Scenarios and strategies for vocational education and lifelong learn- ing in Europe. 03 Mart 2016 tarihinde www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/5131_ en.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Sinha, A. B. (2013). Challenges & opportunities in higher education. HEF’s Indian Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 20–26.
• Singh, R. J. (2012). Current trends in higher education learning and teach- ing. South African Journal of Higher Education, 26(1), 5–9.
• Snoek, M. (2003). The use and methodology of scenario making. European Journal of Teacher Education, 26(1), 9–19.
• Sönmez, V. (2008). Gelecekteki olası eğitim sistemleri (3. baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
• Teichler, U. (2013). New challenges for higher education and the future of higher education research. South African Journal of Higher Education, 27(2), 309–329.
• UNICEF (2015). The investment case for education and equity. Erişim adresi: https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Investment_Case_ for_Education_ and_Equity_FINAL.pdf
• Van Wieringen, F., Sellin, B., and Schmidt, G. (2003). Future education: Learning the future scenarios and strategies in Europe. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the EC.
• Wegner, G. R. (2008). Partnerships for public purposes: Engaging higher edu- cation in societal challenges of the 21st century. San Jose, CA: The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education.
• White, S. C., and Glickman, T. S. (2007). Innovation in higher education: Implications for the future. New Directions for Higher Education, 137, 97–105.
• Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (9. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Yükseköğretim Kurulu (2007). Türkiye’nin yükseköğretim stratejisi. 17 Kasım 2015 tarihinde <http://www.yok.gov.tr/documents/10279/30217/ yok_strateji_kitabi/27077070-cb13-4870-aba1-6742db37696b> adresin- den erişildi.