Determination Of Bitterness Index (K225) And Total Fenol Content Of Olive Oils Obtained With Different Regions, Varieties And Processing Systems
Abstract
In this work the effect of different growing areas on olive (Ayvalık, Memecik, Gemlik, Beylik, Edincik Su, Girit, Kilis Yağlık, Sarı Ulak, Tavşan Yüreği, Topak Aşı) oil bitterness index (K225) were studied at the South Marmara, South and North Aegean, West and East Mediterranean Regions at two, two and a half (2.5), and three phase extraction system, during 2014/2015 crop season. A total of 41 virgin olive oils samples were collected from these Regions. Total phenol content and bitternes index (K225) were analyzed in the research. A Solid-Phase Extraction procedure were carried out for extraction of the bitter compounds. The results of total phenol content and K225 values showed that the Beylik olive oil was determined with the highest total phenol conent and bitterness index (K225) with 330.26 mg CAE kg-1 oil and 1.21 at 2.5 phase extraction system from Manavgat at the West Mediterranean Region, respectively. After the Beylik variety, the highest total phenol content was determined Ayvalık and Edincik Su olive oil with 291.03 and 270.62 mg CAE kg-1 oil, respectively. The Memecik and Ayvalık olive oil bitterness index (K225) was determined 0.86 and 0.85 at two phase extraction system from Muğla and Burhaniye at the South and North Aegean, respectively.
Keywords
K225 value,extraction systems,Turkish olive varieties,geographical regions
Kaynakça
- Aguilera,P. M., Beltran, G., Ortega, D., Fernandez, A., Jimenez, A., Uceda, M. 2005. Characterisation of virgin olive oil of Italian olive cultivars: ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Leccino’, grown in Andalusia. Food Chem. 89: 387-391.
- Condelli, N., Carusa, M.C., Galgano, F., Russo, D., Milella, L., Favati, F. 2015. Prediction of the antioxidant activity of extra virgin olive oils produced in the Mediterranean area. Food Chem., 177: 233-239.
- Escuderos, M.E., Alcantara, F., Garcia Mesa, J.A. 2014. Evaluation of virgin olive oil bitterness by multivariate analysis of ultraviolet spectra of the phenolic extract. 12th Euro Fed Lipid Congress Oils, Fats and Lipids: From Lipidomics to Industrial Innovation 14-17 September 2014 Montpellier France, 463.
- Favati, F., Condelli, N., Galgano, F., Caruso, M.C. 2013. Extra virgin olive oil bitterness evaluation by sensory and chemical analyses. Food Chem. 139: 949-954.
- Gutfinger, T. 1981. Polyphenols in olive oils. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society, 58, 966-968.
- Gutierrez R., F., Perdiguero, S., Gutierrez, R., Olias J.M. 1992. Evaluation of bitter test of virgin olive oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 69: 394-395
- Hrncirik, K., & Fritsche, S. 2004. Comparability and reliability of different techniques for the determination of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 106, 540-549.
- Ilyasoglu, H., Ozcelik, B., Van hoed, V. , Verhe, R. 2010. Characterization of Aegean olive oils by their minör compounds. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 87: 627-636.
- Inarejos-Garcia, A.M., Gomez-Rico, A., Desamparados Salvador, M., Fregapane, G. 2009. Influence of malaxation conditions on virgin olive oil yield, overall quality and composition. Eur Food Res Technol., 228. 671-677
- Koseoglu, O. , Unal, M.K. (2008): The effect of phenolic compounds on the quality and stability of virgin olive oil. Acta Hortic . 79:655-663.


