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Gamma-oryzanol

Year 2016, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 458 - 464, 01.12.2016

Abstract

Gamma-oryzanol is an important bioactive compound, and its main source is rice bran. In this study, the chemical structure, sources, physiological effects, uses and toxicity of gamma-oryzanol, the methods of its determination and effect of processing on gamma-oryzanol were reviewed

References

  • Kaneko, R., Tsuchiya, T., 1954. New compound in rice bran and germ oils. Journal of the Chemistry Society of Japan 57: 526.
  • Jean Huang, C.C., 2003. Potential functionality and digestibility of oryzanol as determined using in vitro cell culture models. Ph.D. Dissertation, Lousiana State University, Lousiana, USA, 170 p.
  • Yu, S., Nehus, Z.T., Badger, T.M., Fang, N., 2007. Quantification of vitamin E and γ-oryzanol components in rice germ and bran. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 55: 7308-7313.
  • Lubinus, T., 2013. Fate of dietary phytosteryl/- stanyl esters upon digestion by humans: Analysis of individual intact esters in feces. Ph.D. Dissertation, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany, 150 p.
  • Goufo, P., Trindade, H., 2014. Rice antioxidants: phenolic proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ- oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Science and Nutrition 2(2): 75-104. anthocyanins
  • Moreau, R.A., Powell, M.J., Hicks, K.B., Norton, R.A., 1998. A comparison of the levels of ferulate- phytosterol esters in corn and other seeds. In Advances in Plant Lipid Research, Edited by J. Sanchez, E. Cerda-Olmedo, E. Martinez-Force, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain, pp. 472-474.
  • Hakala, P., Lampi, A., Ollilainen, V., Werner, U., Murkovic, M., Wahala, K., Karkola, S., Piironen, V., 2002. Steryl phenolic acid esters in cereals and their milling fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50(19): 5300-5307.
  • Miller, A., Engel, K.H., 2006. Content of γ-oryzanol and composition of steryl ferulates in Brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) of European origin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54: 8127-8133.
  • Nyström, L., Achrenius, T., Lampi, A.M., Moreau, R.A., Piironen, V., 2007. A comparison of the antioxidant properties of steryl ferulates with tocopherol at high temperatures. Food Chemistry 101: 947-954.
  • Seetharamaiah, G.S., Prabhakar, J.V., 1986. Oryzanol content of Indian rice bran oil and its extraction from soap stock. Journal of Food Science and Technology 23: 270.
  • Rong, N., Ausman, L.M., Nicolosi, R.J., 1997. Oryzanol decreases cholesterol absorption and aortic fatty streaks in hamsters. Lipids 32: 303-309.
  • Yoshie, A., Kanda, A., Nakamura, T., Igusa, H., Hara, S., 2009. Comparison of gamma-oryzanol contents in crude rice bran oils from different sources by various determination methods. Journal of Oleo Science 58(10): 511-518.
  • Lerma-Garcia, M.J., Herrero-Martinez, J.M., Simo- Alfonso, E.F., Mendonça, C.R.B., Ramis-Ramos, G., 2009. Composition, industrial processing and applications of rice bran γ-oryzanol. Food Chemistry 115: 389-404.
  • Heinemann, R.J.B., Xu, Z., Godber, J.S., Lanfer- Marquez, U.M., 2008. Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol contents in Japonica and Indica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Brazil. Cereal Chemistry 85(2): 243-247.
  • Mandak, E., Nyström, L., 2012. The effect of in vitro digestion on steryl ferulates from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and other grains. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 6123-6130.
  • Britz, S.J., Prasad, P.V.V., Moreau, R.A., Allen, L.H., Kremer, D.F., Boote, K.J., 2007. Influence of growth temperature on the amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol in brown rice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 7559-7565.
  • Tuncel, N.B., Yılmaz, N., 2011. Gamma-oryzanol content, phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activity of rice milling fractions. European Food Research and Technology 233: 577-585.
  • Cho, J.Y., Lee, H.J., Kim, G.A., Kim, G.D., Lee, Y.S., Shin, S.C., Park, K.H., Moon, J.H., 2012. Quantitative analyses of individual γ-oryzanol (steryl ferulates) in conventional and organic brown rice. Journal of Cereal Science 55: 337-343.
  • Lloyd, B.J., Siebenmorgen, T., Beers, K.W., 2000. Effects of commercial processing on antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chemistry 77: 551-555. [20] Rohrer, C.A., Siebenmorgen, Nutraceutical concentrations within the bran of various rice kernel thickness fractions. Biosystems Engineering 88 (4): 453-460. T.J., 2004.
  • Sugano, M., Tsuji, E., 1997. Rice bran oil and cholesterol metabolism. Journal of Nutrition 127: 521-524.
  • Gerhardt, A.L., Gallo, N.B., 1998. Full fat rice bran and oat bran similarly reduce hypercholesterolemia in humans. Journal of Nutrition 128: 865-869.
  • Yokoyama, W.H., 2004. Plasma LDL cholesterol lowering by plant phytosterols in a hamster model. Trends in Food Science and Technology 15: 528- 531.
  • Kim, J., Godber, J.S., Prinyawiwatkul, W., 2001. Inhibition of cholesterol autoxidation by the nanosaponifiable fraction in rice bran in an aqueous model system. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 78(7): 685-689.
  • Xu, Z., Godber, J.S., 2001. Antioxidant activities of major components of γ-oryzanol from rice bran using a linoleic acid model. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 78(6): 645-649.
  • Wang, T., Hicks, K.B., Moreau, R.A., 2002. Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, and other phytosterol conjugates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 79(12): 1201-1206.
  • Juliano, C., Cossu, M., Alamanni, M.C., Piu, L., 2005. Antioxidant activity of γ-oryzanol: Mechanism of action and its effect on oxidative stability of pharmaceutical oils. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 299: 146–154.
  • Seetharamaiah, G.S.
  • Krishnakantha, T.P.
  • Chandrasekhara, N., 1990. Influence of oryzanol
  • on platelet aggregation in rats. Journal of
  • Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 36: 291-297.
  • Murase, Y., Lishima, H., 1963. Clinical studies of oral administration of gamma-oryzanol on climacteric complaints and its syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice 12: 147-149.
  • Bonner, B., Warren, B., Bucci, L., 1990. Influence of ferulate supplementatiton on postexercise stress hormone levels after repeated exercise stress. The Journal of Applied Sport Science Research 4: 110.
  • Yasukawa, K., Akihisa, T., Kimura, Y., Tamura, T., Takido, M., 1998. Inhibitory effect of cycloartenol ferulate, a component of rice bran, on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 21: 1072-1076.
  • Patel, M., Naik, S.N., 2004. Gamma-oryzanol from rice bran oil. A review. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 63: 569-578.
  • Berger, A., Rein, D., Schafer, A., Monnard, I., Gremaud, G., Lambelet, P., Bertoli, C., 2005. Similar cholesterol lowering properties of rice bran oil hypercholesterolemic men. European Journal of Nutrition 44: 163-173. in mildly
  • Nakayama, S., Manabe, A., Suzuki, J., Sakamoto, K., Inagaki, T., 1987. Comparative effects of two forms of γ-oryzanol in different sterol compositions on hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol diet in rats. Japanase Journal of Pharmacy 44: 135-143.
  • Xu, Z., Hua, N., Godber, J.S., 2001. Antioxidant activity of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol components from rice bran against cholesterol oxidation methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 2077-2081.
  • Shin, T.S., Godber, J.S., Martin, D.E., Wells, J.H., 1997. Hydrolytic stability and changes in E vitamers and oryzanol of extruded rice bran during storage. Journal of Food Science 62(4): 704-728.
  • Chen, M.H., Bergman, C.J., 2005. A rapid procedure for analysing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol contents. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18: 139-151.
  • Tangprawat, C., 2006. Determination of total lipid content and gamma-oryzanol in rice bran. Master of Science Thesis, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 117 p.
  • Indira, T.N., Narayan, A.V., Barhate, R.S., Raghavarao, K.S., Khatoon, S., Channaiah, G. (September 2004, May 2005, October 2004). Production of oryzanol-enriched fraction useful in the treatment of melanin related disorders and for minimizing dehydration and leaching of RBO soapstock. US
  • saponification; Patents JP2004300034-A. US6896911-B2
  • Tamagawa, M., Otaki, Y., Takahshi, T., Otaka, T., Kimura, S., Miwa, T., 1992. Carcinogeicity study of γ-oryzanol in B6C3F mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 30(1): 49-56.
  • Karan, A., 1998. Separation of oryzanol from crude rice bran oil. Master of Applied Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 122 p.
  • Bucci, R., Magri, A.D., Magri, A.L., Marini, F., 2003. Comparison of three spectrophotometric methods for the determination of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil. Analytical and Bioanalalytical Chemistry 375: 1254- 1259.
  • Bergman, C.J., Xu, Z., 2003. Genotype and environment effects on tocopherol, tocotrienol, and γ-oryzanol contents of Southern US rice. Cereal Chemistry 80: 446-449.
  • Lilitchan, S., Tangprawat, C., Aryusuk, K., Krisnangkura, S., Chokmoh, S., Krisnangkura, K., 2008. Partial extraction method for the rapid analysis of total lipids and γ-oryzanol contents in rice bran. Food Chemistry 106: 752-759.
  • Krishna, A.G.G., Khatoon, S., Shiela, P.M., Sarmandal, C.V., Indira, T.N., Mishra, A., 2001. Effect of refining of crude rice bran oil on the retention of oryzanol in the refined oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 78: 127-131.
  • Krishna, A.G.G., Hemakumar, K.H., Khatoon, S., 2006. Study on the composition of rice bran oil and its higher free fatty acids value. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 83: 117-120.
  • Khatoon, S., Gopalakrishna, A.G., 2004. Fat- soluble nutraceuticals and fatty acid composition of selected Indian rice varieties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 81(10): 939-943.
  • Miller, A., Frenzel, T., Schmarr, H.G., Engel, K.H., 2003. chromatography for the rapid analysis of γ-oryzanol in rice lipids. Journal of Chromatography A 985: 403-410. chromatography-gas
  • Xu, Z., Godber, J.S., 1999. Purification and identification of components of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47: 2724-2728.
  • Xu, Z.M., Godber, J.S., 2000. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting gama orizanol from rice bran. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 77: 547-551.
  • Kumar, R.R., Tiku, P.K., Prakash, V., 2009. Preferential extractibility of γ-oryzanol from dried soapstock using different solvents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89: 195-200.
  • Imsanguan, P., Roaysubtawee, A., Borirak, R., Pongamphai, S., Douglas, S., Dougles, P.L., 2008. Extraction of α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol from rice bran. LWT-Food Science and Technology 41: 1417-1424.
  • Thanonkaew, A., Wongyai, S., McClements, D.J., Decker, E.A., 2012. Effect of stabilization of rice bran by domestic heating on mechanical extraction yield, quality, and antioxidant properties of cold- pressed rice bran oil (Oryza saltiva L.). LWT-Food Sci Technology 48: 231-236.
  • Shin, T.S., Godber, J.S., 1996. Changes of endogenous composition in irradiated rice bran during storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44(2): 567-573. and fatty acid
  • Kim, I.H., Kim, C.J., You, J.M., Lee, K.W., Kim, C.T., Chung, S.H., Tae, B.S., 2002. Effect of roasting temperature and time on the chemical composition of rice germ oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 79(5): 413-418.
  • Kumar, H.G.A., Khatoon, S., Prabhakar, D.S., Krishna, A.G.G., 2006. Effect of cooking of rice bran on the quality of extracted oil. Journal of Food Lipids 13: 341-353.
  • Yılmaz, N., Tuncel, N.B., Kocabıyık, H., 2014. Infrared stabilization of rice bran and its effects on γ-oryzanol content, tocopherols and fatty acid composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94: 1568-1576.
  • Van Hoed, V., Depaemelaere, G., Vila Ayala, J., Santiwattana, P., Verhe, R., De Greyt, W., 2006. Influence of chemical refining on the major and minör components of rice bran oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 83(4): 315-321.
  • Tamagawa, M., Otaki, Y., Takahshi, T., Otaka, T., Kimura, S., Miwa, T., 1992b. Carcinogeicity study of γ-oryzanol in F344 rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 30(1): 41-48.

Gama-orizanol

Year 2016, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 458 - 464, 01.12.2016

Abstract

Gama-orizanol önemli bir biyoaktif madde olup, temel kaynağı pirinç kepeğidir. Bu makalede gama-orizanolün yapısı, kaynakları, fizyolojik etkileri, kullanım alanları, tayin metotları, işleme metotlarının etkisi ve toksisitesine ait bilgiler derlenmiştir

References

  • Kaneko, R., Tsuchiya, T., 1954. New compound in rice bran and germ oils. Journal of the Chemistry Society of Japan 57: 526.
  • Jean Huang, C.C., 2003. Potential functionality and digestibility of oryzanol as determined using in vitro cell culture models. Ph.D. Dissertation, Lousiana State University, Lousiana, USA, 170 p.
  • Yu, S., Nehus, Z.T., Badger, T.M., Fang, N., 2007. Quantification of vitamin E and γ-oryzanol components in rice germ and bran. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 55: 7308-7313.
  • Lubinus, T., 2013. Fate of dietary phytosteryl/- stanyl esters upon digestion by humans: Analysis of individual intact esters in feces. Ph.D. Dissertation, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany, 150 p.
  • Goufo, P., Trindade, H., 2014. Rice antioxidants: phenolic proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ- oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Science and Nutrition 2(2): 75-104. anthocyanins
  • Moreau, R.A., Powell, M.J., Hicks, K.B., Norton, R.A., 1998. A comparison of the levels of ferulate- phytosterol esters in corn and other seeds. In Advances in Plant Lipid Research, Edited by J. Sanchez, E. Cerda-Olmedo, E. Martinez-Force, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain, pp. 472-474.
  • Hakala, P., Lampi, A., Ollilainen, V., Werner, U., Murkovic, M., Wahala, K., Karkola, S., Piironen, V., 2002. Steryl phenolic acid esters in cereals and their milling fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50(19): 5300-5307.
  • Miller, A., Engel, K.H., 2006. Content of γ-oryzanol and composition of steryl ferulates in Brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) of European origin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54: 8127-8133.
  • Nyström, L., Achrenius, T., Lampi, A.M., Moreau, R.A., Piironen, V., 2007. A comparison of the antioxidant properties of steryl ferulates with tocopherol at high temperatures. Food Chemistry 101: 947-954.
  • Seetharamaiah, G.S., Prabhakar, J.V., 1986. Oryzanol content of Indian rice bran oil and its extraction from soap stock. Journal of Food Science and Technology 23: 270.
  • Rong, N., Ausman, L.M., Nicolosi, R.J., 1997. Oryzanol decreases cholesterol absorption and aortic fatty streaks in hamsters. Lipids 32: 303-309.
  • Yoshie, A., Kanda, A., Nakamura, T., Igusa, H., Hara, S., 2009. Comparison of gamma-oryzanol contents in crude rice bran oils from different sources by various determination methods. Journal of Oleo Science 58(10): 511-518.
  • Lerma-Garcia, M.J., Herrero-Martinez, J.M., Simo- Alfonso, E.F., Mendonça, C.R.B., Ramis-Ramos, G., 2009. Composition, industrial processing and applications of rice bran γ-oryzanol. Food Chemistry 115: 389-404.
  • Heinemann, R.J.B., Xu, Z., Godber, J.S., Lanfer- Marquez, U.M., 2008. Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol contents in Japonica and Indica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Brazil. Cereal Chemistry 85(2): 243-247.
  • Mandak, E., Nyström, L., 2012. The effect of in vitro digestion on steryl ferulates from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and other grains. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 6123-6130.
  • Britz, S.J., Prasad, P.V.V., Moreau, R.A., Allen, L.H., Kremer, D.F., Boote, K.J., 2007. Influence of growth temperature on the amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol in brown rice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 7559-7565.
  • Tuncel, N.B., Yılmaz, N., 2011. Gamma-oryzanol content, phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activity of rice milling fractions. European Food Research and Technology 233: 577-585.
  • Cho, J.Y., Lee, H.J., Kim, G.A., Kim, G.D., Lee, Y.S., Shin, S.C., Park, K.H., Moon, J.H., 2012. Quantitative analyses of individual γ-oryzanol (steryl ferulates) in conventional and organic brown rice. Journal of Cereal Science 55: 337-343.
  • Lloyd, B.J., Siebenmorgen, T., Beers, K.W., 2000. Effects of commercial processing on antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chemistry 77: 551-555. [20] Rohrer, C.A., Siebenmorgen, Nutraceutical concentrations within the bran of various rice kernel thickness fractions. Biosystems Engineering 88 (4): 453-460. T.J., 2004.
  • Sugano, M., Tsuji, E., 1997. Rice bran oil and cholesterol metabolism. Journal of Nutrition 127: 521-524.
  • Gerhardt, A.L., Gallo, N.B., 1998. Full fat rice bran and oat bran similarly reduce hypercholesterolemia in humans. Journal of Nutrition 128: 865-869.
  • Yokoyama, W.H., 2004. Plasma LDL cholesterol lowering by plant phytosterols in a hamster model. Trends in Food Science and Technology 15: 528- 531.
  • Kim, J., Godber, J.S., Prinyawiwatkul, W., 2001. Inhibition of cholesterol autoxidation by the nanosaponifiable fraction in rice bran in an aqueous model system. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 78(7): 685-689.
  • Xu, Z., Godber, J.S., 2001. Antioxidant activities of major components of γ-oryzanol from rice bran using a linoleic acid model. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 78(6): 645-649.
  • Wang, T., Hicks, K.B., Moreau, R.A., 2002. Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, and other phytosterol conjugates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 79(12): 1201-1206.
  • Juliano, C., Cossu, M., Alamanni, M.C., Piu, L., 2005. Antioxidant activity of γ-oryzanol: Mechanism of action and its effect on oxidative stability of pharmaceutical oils. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 299: 146–154.
  • Seetharamaiah, G.S.
  • Krishnakantha, T.P.
  • Chandrasekhara, N., 1990. Influence of oryzanol
  • on platelet aggregation in rats. Journal of
  • Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 36: 291-297.
  • Murase, Y., Lishima, H., 1963. Clinical studies of oral administration of gamma-oryzanol on climacteric complaints and its syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice 12: 147-149.
  • Bonner, B., Warren, B., Bucci, L., 1990. Influence of ferulate supplementatiton on postexercise stress hormone levels after repeated exercise stress. The Journal of Applied Sport Science Research 4: 110.
  • Yasukawa, K., Akihisa, T., Kimura, Y., Tamura, T., Takido, M., 1998. Inhibitory effect of cycloartenol ferulate, a component of rice bran, on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 21: 1072-1076.
  • Patel, M., Naik, S.N., 2004. Gamma-oryzanol from rice bran oil. A review. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 63: 569-578.
  • Berger, A., Rein, D., Schafer, A., Monnard, I., Gremaud, G., Lambelet, P., Bertoli, C., 2005. Similar cholesterol lowering properties of rice bran oil hypercholesterolemic men. European Journal of Nutrition 44: 163-173. in mildly
  • Nakayama, S., Manabe, A., Suzuki, J., Sakamoto, K., Inagaki, T., 1987. Comparative effects of two forms of γ-oryzanol in different sterol compositions on hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol diet in rats. Japanase Journal of Pharmacy 44: 135-143.
  • Xu, Z., Hua, N., Godber, J.S., 2001. Antioxidant activity of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol components from rice bran against cholesterol oxidation methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 2077-2081.
  • Shin, T.S., Godber, J.S., Martin, D.E., Wells, J.H., 1997. Hydrolytic stability and changes in E vitamers and oryzanol of extruded rice bran during storage. Journal of Food Science 62(4): 704-728.
  • Chen, M.H., Bergman, C.J., 2005. A rapid procedure for analysing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol contents. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18: 139-151.
  • Tangprawat, C., 2006. Determination of total lipid content and gamma-oryzanol in rice bran. Master of Science Thesis, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 117 p.
  • Indira, T.N., Narayan, A.V., Barhate, R.S., Raghavarao, K.S., Khatoon, S., Channaiah, G. (September 2004, May 2005, October 2004). Production of oryzanol-enriched fraction useful in the treatment of melanin related disorders and for minimizing dehydration and leaching of RBO soapstock. US
  • saponification; Patents JP2004300034-A. US6896911-B2
  • Tamagawa, M., Otaki, Y., Takahshi, T., Otaka, T., Kimura, S., Miwa, T., 1992. Carcinogeicity study of γ-oryzanol in B6C3F mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 30(1): 49-56.
  • Karan, A., 1998. Separation of oryzanol from crude rice bran oil. Master of Applied Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 122 p.
  • Bucci, R., Magri, A.D., Magri, A.L., Marini, F., 2003. Comparison of three spectrophotometric methods for the determination of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil. Analytical and Bioanalalytical Chemistry 375: 1254- 1259.
  • Bergman, C.J., Xu, Z., 2003. Genotype and environment effects on tocopherol, tocotrienol, and γ-oryzanol contents of Southern US rice. Cereal Chemistry 80: 446-449.
  • Lilitchan, S., Tangprawat, C., Aryusuk, K., Krisnangkura, S., Chokmoh, S., Krisnangkura, K., 2008. Partial extraction method for the rapid analysis of total lipids and γ-oryzanol contents in rice bran. Food Chemistry 106: 752-759.
  • Krishna, A.G.G., Khatoon, S., Shiela, P.M., Sarmandal, C.V., Indira, T.N., Mishra, A., 2001. Effect of refining of crude rice bran oil on the retention of oryzanol in the refined oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 78: 127-131.
  • Krishna, A.G.G., Hemakumar, K.H., Khatoon, S., 2006. Study on the composition of rice bran oil and its higher free fatty acids value. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 83: 117-120.
  • Khatoon, S., Gopalakrishna, A.G., 2004. Fat- soluble nutraceuticals and fatty acid composition of selected Indian rice varieties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 81(10): 939-943.
  • Miller, A., Frenzel, T., Schmarr, H.G., Engel, K.H., 2003. chromatography for the rapid analysis of γ-oryzanol in rice lipids. Journal of Chromatography A 985: 403-410. chromatography-gas
  • Xu, Z., Godber, J.S., 1999. Purification and identification of components of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47: 2724-2728.
  • Xu, Z.M., Godber, J.S., 2000. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting gama orizanol from rice bran. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 77: 547-551.
  • Kumar, R.R., Tiku, P.K., Prakash, V., 2009. Preferential extractibility of γ-oryzanol from dried soapstock using different solvents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89: 195-200.
  • Imsanguan, P., Roaysubtawee, A., Borirak, R., Pongamphai, S., Douglas, S., Dougles, P.L., 2008. Extraction of α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol from rice bran. LWT-Food Science and Technology 41: 1417-1424.
  • Thanonkaew, A., Wongyai, S., McClements, D.J., Decker, E.A., 2012. Effect of stabilization of rice bran by domestic heating on mechanical extraction yield, quality, and antioxidant properties of cold- pressed rice bran oil (Oryza saltiva L.). LWT-Food Sci Technology 48: 231-236.
  • Shin, T.S., Godber, J.S., 1996. Changes of endogenous composition in irradiated rice bran during storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44(2): 567-573. and fatty acid
  • Kim, I.H., Kim, C.J., You, J.M., Lee, K.W., Kim, C.T., Chung, S.H., Tae, B.S., 2002. Effect of roasting temperature and time on the chemical composition of rice germ oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 79(5): 413-418.
  • Kumar, H.G.A., Khatoon, S., Prabhakar, D.S., Krishna, A.G.G., 2006. Effect of cooking of rice bran on the quality of extracted oil. Journal of Food Lipids 13: 341-353.
  • Yılmaz, N., Tuncel, N.B., Kocabıyık, H., 2014. Infrared stabilization of rice bran and its effects on γ-oryzanol content, tocopherols and fatty acid composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94: 1568-1576.
  • Van Hoed, V., Depaemelaere, G., Vila Ayala, J., Santiwattana, P., Verhe, R., De Greyt, W., 2006. Influence of chemical refining on the major and minör components of rice bran oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 83(4): 315-321.
  • Tamagawa, M., Otaki, Y., Takahshi, T., Otaka, T., Kimura, S., Miwa, T., 1992b. Carcinogeicity study of γ-oryzanol in F344 rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 30(1): 41-48.
There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Neşe Yılmaz Tuncel This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yılmaz Tuncel, N. (2016). Gama-orizanol. Akademik Gıda, 14(4), 458-464.
AMA Yılmaz Tuncel N. Gama-orizanol. Akademik Gıda. December 2016;14(4):458-464.
Chicago Yılmaz Tuncel, Neşe. “Gama-Orizanol”. Akademik Gıda 14, no. 4 (December 2016): 458-64.
EndNote Yılmaz Tuncel N (December 1, 2016) Gama-orizanol. Akademik Gıda 14 4 458–464.
IEEE N. Yılmaz Tuncel, “Gama-orizanol”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 458–464, 2016.
ISNAD Yılmaz Tuncel, Neşe. “Gama-Orizanol”. Akademik Gıda 14/4 (December 2016), 458-464.
JAMA Yılmaz Tuncel N. Gama-orizanol. Akademik Gıda. 2016;14:458–464.
MLA Yılmaz Tuncel, Neşe. “Gama-Orizanol”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 14, no. 4, 2016, pp. 458-64.
Vancouver Yılmaz Tuncel N. Gama-orizanol. Akademik Gıda. 2016;14(4):458-64.

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