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The First Female Academics in Turkish Theology as Founding Agents

Year 2026, Volume: 30 Issue: 1 , 65 - 82 , 06.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1853548
https://izlik.org/JA34WY69EN

Abstract

While the establishment of the Ankara University Faculty of Divinity in 1949 reshaped the institutional and intellectual landscape of higher religious education in Türkiye, the female academics involved in this process assumed critical roles. Their presence within the faculties extended far beyond mere quantitative representation; they acted as primary agents who laid the methodological foundations, inaugurated new chairs, and transformed the academic perspective. This qualitative study utilizes document analysis as its primary method. Alongside digital databases, institutional websites and biographical works, records from the Ankara University Faculty of Divinity archives were examined—particularly to reach figures with limited available information—and supplemented by personal interviews. The research encompasses eleven pioneering names appointed to academic positions since the 1949 milestone: Kâmuran Birand, Bahriye Üçok, Annemarie Schimmel, Neda Armaner, Beyza Bilgin, Ayşe Necla Pekolcay, Mualla Selçuk, Gülay Cezayirli, Nahide Bozkurt, Yurdagül Konuk (Mehmedoğlu) and Gülgün Uyar. Findings reveal that, contrary to the prevailing belief identifying Bahriye Üçok as the first female theology academic in Türkiye, this pioneering role belongs to Kâmuran Birand. It is observed that these eleven figures introduced methods such as hermeneutics, phenomenology, art, literature, and field research to the academy by synthesizing classical theological formation with the tools of modern social sciences. These academics predominantly worked in the fields of Philosophy and Religious Sciences, thereby leading to the institutionalization of departments such as Religious Education, History of Religions, and History of Philosophy. Their academic activities transcended faculty boundaries, leaving a lasting impact on state religious education policies and international scientific representation. Consequently, through the students they mentored and the schools of thought they initiated, these figures are defined as the "founding subjects" who constructed the intellectual backbone of Turkish theology.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Şırnak University Ethics Committee (Date: December 8, 2025, No: E-74546226-050.99-152853).

Thanks

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. İhsan Çapçıoğlu, Res. Asst. Muhammed Şahin, the Faculty secretary Erol Özkan, and BEYAS staff member Rabia Kuralay for their assistance in accessing the archives of Ankara University, Faculty of Divinity, during the preparation of this study. I also extend my thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yemenici, Dr. Yasemin İpek, and Res. Asst. Enes Avcı for their support regarding the content of the section on Mualla Selçuk. Furthermore, I am grateful to Zübeyde Sezgin for facilitating communication with Dr. Gülay Cezayirli, and to Prof. Dr. Kasım Ertaş, Prof. Dr. Fevzi Rençber, and Dr. Merve Arslan for their valuable support in the English translation of the article.

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KURUCU ÖZNELER OLARAK TÜRK İLAHİYATINDA İLK KADIN AKADEMİSYENLER

Year 2026, Volume: 30 Issue: 1 , 65 - 82 , 06.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1853548
https://izlik.org/JA34WY69EN

Abstract

Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nin 1949 yılında faaliyete başlaması Türkiye’de yüksek din öğretiminin kurumsal ve entelektüel zeminini yeniden kurgularken, bu süreçte yer alan kadın akademisyenler kritik roller üstlenmişlerdir. Fakültelerdeki varlıkları niceliksel bir temsiliyetin çok ötesinde olan bu öncü kuşak; disiplinlerin metodolojik altyapısını kuran, yeni kürsüler ihdas eden ve akademik perspektifi dönüştüren asıl aktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle kurgulanan çalışmada veri toplama sürecinde doküman analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Dijital veri tabanları, kurum internet sayfaları ve biyografik eserlerin yanı sıra özellikle hakkında sınırlı bilgi bulunan isimlerin verilerine ulaşmak adına Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi arşiv kayıtları incelenmiştir. Gerekli durumlarda bazı isimlerle de şahsi görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamına 1949’dan itibaren akademik kadrolarda yer alan Kâmuran Birand, Bahriye Üçok, Annemarie Schimmel, Neda Armaner, Beyza Bilgin, Ayşe Necla Pekolcay, Mualla Selçuk, Gülay Cezayirli, Nahide Bozkurt, Yurdagül Konuk (Mehmedoğlu) ve Gülgün Uyar dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular Türk ilahiyatının ilk kadın akademisyen vasfının yaygın kanaatin aksine Bahriye Üçok yerine Kâmuran Birand’a ait olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Yanı sıra incelenen on bir ismin klasik ilahiyat formasyonunu modern sosyal bilimlerin imkanlarıyla harmanlayarak hermenötik, fenomenoloji, sanat, edebiyat ve saha araştırması gibi yöntemleri akademiye taşıdıkları görülmektedir. Kadın akademisyenlerin ağırlıklı olarak felsefe ve din bilimleri alanında yoğunlaştıkları; din eğitimi, dinler tarihi ve felsefe tarihi gibi ana bilim dallarının kurumsallaşmasında liderlik ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu isimlerin akademik faaliyetleri fakülte sınırlarını aşarak devletin din eğitim politikalarından uluslararası bilimsel temsiliyete kadar geniş bir alanda kalıcı etkiler bırakmıştır. Sonuç olarak söz konusu isimler yetiştirdikleri öğrenciler ve başlattıkları ekollerle Türk ilahiyatının entelektüel omurgasını inşa eden "kurucu özneler" olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik komite onayı Şırnak Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan alınmıştır (Tarih: 08.12.2025, Sayı: E-74546226-050.99-152853).

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın hazırlık sürecinde Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi arşivlerine erişim konusundaki yardımlarından dolayı Prof. Dr. İhsan Çapçıoğlu, Arş. Gör. Muhammed Şahin, Fakülte sekreteri Erol Özkan ve BEYAS personeli Rabia Kuralay’a teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca Mualla Selçuk bölümünün içeriğine dair desteklerinden dolayı Doç. Dr. Ahmet Yemenici, Dr. Yasemin İpek ve Arş. Gör. Enes Avcı’ya; Dr. Gülay Cezayirli ile iletişimimi kolaylaştırdığı için Zübeyde Sezgin’e ve makalenin İngilizceye çevrilmesi hususunda destek sağlayan Prof. Dr. Kasım Ertaş, Prof. Dr. Fevzi Rençber ile Dr. Merve Arslan’a şükranlarımı sunarım.

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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Intellectual History of Politics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Özalp 0000-0002-6514-019X

Submission Date January 1, 2026
Acceptance Date February 10, 2026
Early Pub Date March 6, 2026
Publication Date March 6, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1853548
IZ https://izlik.org/JA34WY69EN
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 30 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özalp, A. (2026). The First Female Academics in Turkish Theology as Founding Agents. Current Perspectives in Social Sciences, 30(1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1853548

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Review articles that are written by authors with extensive knowledge and expertise in a particular field and a strong track record of publication are welcomed. These authors may even be invited to contribute a review article to the journal. Review articles should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on a topic in the journal’s topic, and should include discussions and evaluations of relevant research. The subheadings of the review articles can be planned by the authors. However, each review article should include an “Introduction” and a “Conclusion” section. Please check Table 1 for the limitations for Review Articles.

Letters to the Editor
A "Letter to the Editor" is a type of manuscript that discusses important or overlooked aspects of a previously published article. This type of manuscript may also present articles on subjects within the scope of the journal that are of interest to readers, particularly educational cases. Readers can also use the "Letter to the Editor" format to share their comments on published manuscripts. The text of a "Letter to the Editor" should be unstructured and should not include an abstract, keywords, tables, figures, images, or other media. The manuscript that is being commented on must be properly cited within the "Letter to the Editor."

Expert Opinions
Expert Opinions are brief articles that present the expert view on a specific topic within the journal's scope. These articles should be written by researchers or clinicians who are recognized as experts in their field, and should provide valuable insights and opinions on current debates, controversies, or developments in the field. Expert Opinions should be concise and focused on one or two key points related to the topic of discussion.

Table 1. Limitations for each manuscript type


Type of manuscript 
Word limit* 
Abstract word limit 
Reference limit 
Table limit 
 Figure limit
Research Article 
10000
350
70
65 or total of 40 images
Review Article 
8000
350
80610 or total of 45 images
Letter to the Editor 
400No abstract 
 5No tables 
No media



*Word limit should not include the abstract, references, tables, and figure legends.

Tables
Tables should be included in the main document, after the reference list, and they should be numbered consecutively in the order they are referred to within the text. Each table should have a descriptive title placed above it, and any abbreviations used in the table should be defined below the table by footnotes (even if they are defined in the main text). Tables should be created using the "insert table" command of the Word processing software, and they should be arranged clearly to make the data easy to read and understand. The data presented in the tables should not be a repetition of the data presented in the main text, but should support and enhance the main text.

Figures and Figure Legends
Figures should be submitted as separate files in TIFF or JPEG format, and they should not be embedded in the Word document or the main manuscript file. If a figure has subunits, each subunit should be submitted as a separate file, and the subunits should not be merged into a single image. The figures should not be labeled (a, b, c, etc.) to indicate subunits. Instead, the figure legend should be used to describe the different parts of the figure. Thick and thin arrows, arrowheads, stars, asterisks, and similar marks can be used on the images to support figure legends.Images should be anonymized to remove any information that may identify individuals or institutions. The minimum resolution of each figure should be 300 DPI, and the figures should be clear and easy to read. Figure legends should be listed at the end of the main document. Figures should be referred to within the main text, and they should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are mentioned.

Abbreviations
All acronyms and abbreviations used in the manuscript should be defined at first use, both in the abstract and in the main text. The abbreviation should be provided in parentheses following the definition, and it should be used consistently throughout the paper.

Identifying products
When mentioning a drug, product, hardware, or software program in a manuscript, it is important to provide detailed information about the product in parentheses. This should include the name of the product, the producer of the product, and the city and country of the company. For example, if mentioning a Discovery St PET/CT scanner produced by General Electric in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, the information should be presented in the following format: "Discovery St PET/CT scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA)." Providing this information helps to ensure that the product is properly identified and credited.

Supplementary Materials
Supplementary materials, including audio files, videos, datasets, and additional documents (e.g., appendices, additional figures, tables), are intended to complement the main text of the manuscript. These supplementary materials should be submitted as a separate section after the references list. Concise descriptions of each supplementary material should be included to explain their relevance to the manuscript. Page numbers are not required for supplementary materials.

REFERENCES
Both in-text citations and the references must be prepared according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), Seventh Edition (2020).

When citing publications, preference should be given to the latest, most up-to-date sources. Citing the latest sources can help to ensure that the paper is relevant and timely, and that it reflects the latest developments in the field.

It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure the accuracy of the references in their article. All sources must be properly cited, and the citations must be formatted correctly.

To avoid plagiarism, it is necessary to acknowledge other sources in your paper through in-text citations. For every in-text citation, a corresponding reference list entry must be provided.

The APA in-text citation style includes the author's last name and the year of publication, such as (Field, 2005). If quoting directly from a source, the page number should also be added, such as (Field, 2005, p. 14).

If an ahead-of-print publication is cited, the DOI number should be provided in the reference list.

The reference styles for different types of publications are presented in the following examples.

Journal Article: Edwards, A. A., Steacy, L. M., Siegelman, N., Rigobon, V. M., Kearns, D. M., Rueckl, J. G., & Compton, D. L. (2022). Unpacking the unique relationship between set for variability and word reading development: Examining word- and child-level predictors of performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(6), 1242–1256. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000696

Book Section: Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mindbody health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

Books with a Single Author: Haslwanter, T. (2022). An introduction to statistics with Python. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing.

Editor(s) as Author: Rhodewalt, F. (Ed.). (2008). Personality and social behavior. Psychology Press.

Thesis: Valentin, E. R. (2019, Summer). Narcissism predicted by Snapchat selfie sharing, filter usage, and editing [Master's thesis, California State University Dominguez Hills]. CSU ScholarWorks. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/3197xm925?locale=en

Websites: Chandler, N. (2020, April 9). What’s the difference between Sasquatch and Bigfoot? howstuffworks. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/sasquatch-bigfootdifference.htm

Epub Ahead of Print Articles: Muldoon, K., Towse, J., Simms, V., Perra, O., & Menzies, V. (2012). A longitudinal analysis of estimation, counting skills, and mathematical ability across the first school year. Developmental Psychology. Epub ahead of print. doi:10.1037/a0028240.

In the seventh edition, up to 20 authors should now be included in a reference list entry. For sources with more than 20 authors, after the 19th listed author, any additional authors' names are replaced with an ellipsis (…) followed by the final listed author's name:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z.

PRODUCTION
Once a manuscript has been accepted for publication, it goes through a copy-editing process by professional language editors to ensure that it is clear and well-written. This process may involve correcting grammar, punctuation, and formatting errors, as well as making changes to improve the overall clarity and readability of the manuscript.

After the copy-editing process is complete, the manuscript is published online as an "ahead-of-print" publication, which means that it is available to readers before it is included in a scheduled issue of the journal. This allows readers to access the latest research as soon as it becomes available.

Before the manuscript is officially published, the corresponding author is sent a PDF proof of the accepted manuscript for review. The corresponding author is asked to review the proof and approve it for publication within a specified time period, typically 2 days. This is an important step in the publication process, as it allows the author to catch any errors or make any final changes before the manuscript is published.

OPEN ACCESS POLICY
Current Perspectives in Social Sciences is an open access publication.

Starting on 2022, all content published in the journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License which allows third parties to use the content for non-commercial purposes as long as they give credit to the original work. This license allows for the content to be shared and adapted for non-commercial purposes, promoting the dissemination and use of the research published in the journal.

The content published before 2022 was licensed under a traditional copyright, but the archive is still available for free access.

All published content is available online, free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atasobed.

COPYRIGHT POLICY
A Copyright Agreement and Acknowledgement of Authorship form should be submitted with all manuscripts. By signing this form, authors agree that the article, if accepted for publication by the Current Perspectives in Social Sciences will be licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commercial purposes by giving the appropriate credit to the original work.

Authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights in Current Perspectives in Social Sciences.

When using previously published content, including figures, tables, or any other material in both print and electronic formats, authors must obtain permission from the copyright holder. Legal, financial and criminal liabilities in this regard belong to the author(s).

SELF-ARCHIVING POLICY
Authors retain the right to self-archive their work on their institutional or personal websites, as well as in open access repositories, after publication. It is expected that authors appropriately acknowledge the original publication and include the DOI number when sharing their articles. Additionally, authors are requested to provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of the publisher's website. This requirement is intended to safeguard the integrity and authenticity of the scientific record, with the online published version on the publisher's website clearly identified as the definitive version of record.

PUBLICATION FEE POLICY
Current Perspectives in Social Sciences is funded by the Atatürk University.

Authors are not required to pay any fees during the evaluation and publication process.

ADVERTISING POLICY
Current Perspectives in Social Sciences accepts digital advertisements on its website. These ads must be approved by the journal's Editorial Board and management, and must be clearly labeled as advertisements. Advertisers have no influence on editorial decisions or advertising policies.

Those interested in advertising in the journal should contact the Editorial Office.

PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Manuscripts submitted to Current Perspectives in Social Sciences will go through a double anonymized peer-review process where both authors and reviewers are anonymous to each other. Each submission will be reviewed by at least two external, independent peer reviewers who are experts in their fields in order to ensure an unbiased evaluation process.

Submissions will first go through a technical evaluation process during which the editorial office staff will ensure that the manuscript was prepared and submitted in accordance with the journal’s guidelines. Submissions that do not conform to the journal’s guidelines will be returned to the submitting authors with technical correction requests.

Submissions that conform to the journal’s guidelines will be assigned to the Editor in Chief who will assess each submission’s suitability to the journal in terms of scope and quality. Submissions that are not suitable for the journal can be rejected at this stage.

For papers that are suitable for the journal, the Editor in Chief will work with Associate Editors who will recruit reviewers for the manuscript. Once assigned, Associate Editors can decide to reject a manuscript, continue with the peer review process, or request revisions before further peer-review.

Associate editors will submit their recommendations that are based on reports submitted by the reviewers to the Editor in Chief. Revised manuscripts will be reassessed by the Associate Editors who will aim to work with the original reviewers to make a new recommendation.

The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all submissions.

In the event of delays, authors will be informed of the reason for the delay and given the opportunity to withdraw their manuscript.

Once the peer-review process is completed, the authors will receive anonymous peer-review reports along with the editorial decision on their manuscript. Peer-review reports will not be posted publicly in any medium. The submitted material is considered confidential and must not be used in any way until after its publication. If it is suspected that a reviewer has appropriated an author’s ideas or data, the Editorial Board will handle the matter in accordance with the relevant COPE’s guideline.

Authors can recommend peer-reviewers during submission. The handling editor is the sole authority to decide whether or not recommended peer-reviewers will be invited to evaluate the manuscript.

Peer reviewers are required to adhere to the principles of COPE's Ethical Guidelines for Peer-reviewers and these guidelines provide a framework for reviewers to follow in order to ensure the integrity and fairness of the peer review process. The Editorial Board follows COPE’s relevant flowchart to minimize peer review manipulation. If there is suspicion of peer review manipulation after publication, the Editorial Board will follow the appropriate flowchart of COPE.

Potential peer reviewers should inform the Editor of any possible conflicts of interest before accepting an invitation to review a manuscript. Informing the editor of any potential conflicts of interest allows them to make an informed decision about whether or not to invite the potential reviewer to participate in the review process. It also helps to ensure the integrity and transparency of the review process.

Communications between Editors and peer reviewers contain confidential information that should not be shared with third parties.

If the Editor-in-Chief or any of the associate editors is listed as an author on a submission, the editor concerned is removed from the evaluation process. Current Perspectives in Social Sciences will employ external editors to conduct the peer review process for manuscripts submitted by its editor-in-chief or associate editors. The process for appointing external editors is as follows: Atatürk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals seeks out an expert in the field from outside Atatürk University and independent of the author's institution, and sends an invitation to review the manuscript. The invited editor is requested to create a record in the system and to manage and oversee the double-blind peer-review process. The invited editor acts independently when making decisions. The invited editor participating in the evaluation of the manuscript will be listed on the journal’s website together with their contact information. To maintain neutrality, we preserve the confidentiality of reviewers. Reviewers and external editors are required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest in order to promote transparency and ensure a reliable evaluation process. The final decision regarding the manuscript is made by the invited editor.

If an article's peer review is an exception to the journal’s usual policy, the type of the review it received will be displayed on the article to ensure the transparency and accountability of the review process.

REVISIONS
Submitting authors of manuscripts that require a “minor revision” or a “major revision” will receive the decision letter from the Editor in Chief. The decision letter will include the suggestions of the reviewers and editors along with a deadline to submit the revised and updated version of the manuscript.

When submitting a revised version of a paper, authors must submit a detailed “Response to the reviewers” that states point by point how each issue raised by the reviewers has been covered and where it can be found (each reviewer’s comment, followed by the author’s reply and line numbers where the changes have been made) as well as an annotated copy of the main document.

Revised manuscripts must be submitted within the time frame specified in the decision letter. If the revised version of the manuscript is not submitted within the allocated time, the revision option may be canceled. If the submitting author(s) believe that additional time is required, they should request an extension before the initial period is over.

PUBLICATION ETHICS
Current Perspectives in Social Sciences aims to adhere to the guidelines and core practices set forth by several organizations, including the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (joint statement by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME). These guidelines and recommendations are designed to promote transparency, integrity, and best practices in scholarly publishing. By adhering to these standards, the journal aims to ensure that the research it publishes is of high quality and meets the ethical standards of the scientific community.

Authors are advised to use EASE Ethics Checklist for Authors to ensure that their manuscripts comply with ethical standards and practices.

All research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a reviewer board, such as an institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee, before it is conducted. The name of the ethics committee that reviewed and approved the research, as well as the ethics committee approval number and date, should be included in the Methods section of the manuscript when it is submitted for publication. Additionally, the journal may require authors to provide a copy of the ethics committee approval as part of the manuscript submission process. This is to ensure that the research has been properly reviewed and approved, and to allow the journal to verify that the research meets the ethical standards required for publication.

If a study is exempted from the ethics committee approval, the authors must present a statement from the ethics committee explaining the reason for the exemption. This is to ensure that the research was reviewed by an ethics committee and that the decision to exempt the study was made in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

If a manuscript is submitted to Current Perspectives in Social Sciences without ethics committee approval, the journal will review the manuscript according to the COPE’s Research, Audit and Service Evaluations guideline. This guideline provides guidance on how to handle manuscripts that do not have ethics committee approval, and allows the journal to assess the risks and potential ethical concerns associated with publishing the research.

If the journal determines that the lack of ethics committee approval is a significant concern, the manuscript may be rejected after editorial review. This is to ensure that the journal maintains high ethical standards and only publishes research that has been properly reviewed and approved by an ethics committee.

For manuscripts concerning research involving human subjects, it is required to include a statement indicating that written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Informed consent should be documented in writing, and a copy of the informed consent form should be retained by the researchers for future reference.

In the case of research involving children under the age of 18, the parent or guardian of the child must provide informed consent on behalf of the child. This is because children are considered to be a vulnerable population and may not have the capacity to fully understand the risks and benefits of participating in research.

If the manuscript reports the findings of a survey or interviews, the author must confirm that the participants gave their informed consent to participate in the study and for their personal details to be recorded if that is the case. If quotations or other attributable statements are included, these must be deidentified, or the manuscript must state that the person agreed to be named in the manuscript.

Information on informed consent should be provided in the Methods section of the manuscript, along with any other relevant details about how the research was conducted.

It is the responsibility of the authors to protect the anonymity of study participants, and to ensure that the research is conducted in a way that respects their privacy and confidentiality. This is especially important for photographs that may reveal the identity of patients, as the publication of such photographs without proper consent could potentially violate the rights of the individuals depicted.

To protect the anonymity of patients in photographs, the authors should obtain signed releases from the patients or their legal representatives. These releases should indicate that the patients have given their consent for the publication of the photographs, and should specify any restrictions or conditions on the use of the photographs. Information on the publication approval for photographs should be provided in the Methods section of the manuscript.

PLAGIARISM AND ETHICAL MISCONDUCT
All submissions are screened by a similarity detection software (Crossref Similarity Check Powered by iThenticate) multiple times during the peer-review and/or production processes.

When you are discussing others' (or your own) previous work, make sure that you cite the material correctly in every instance.

Authors are strongly recommended to avoid any form of plagiarism and ethical misconduct that are exemplified below.

Citation manipulation: The practice of manipulating the number of citations received by an author, journal, or other publication through various means, such as self-citation, excessive citation of articles from the same journal, or the inclusion of honorary citations or citation stacking.
Self- plagiarism (text-recycling): The practice of using overlapping sections or sentences from the author's previous publications without properly citing them. This is considered to be a form of plagiarism, as it involves using someone else's work (in this case, the author's own work) without proper attribution.
Salami slicing: The practice of using the same data from a research study in several different articles. This is considered to be unethical, as it involves reporting the same hypotheses, population, and methods of a study in multiple papers.
Data Fabrication: The addition of data that never occurred during the gathering of data or experiments. This is considered to be a form of research misconduct, as it involves presenting false or misleading information as if it were real data.
Data Manipulation/Falsification: The practice of manipulating research data with the intention of giving a false impression. This can include manipulating images, removing outliers or "inconvenient" results, changing data points, and other forms of manipulation. This is also considered to be a form of research misconduct, as it involves presenting false or misleading information as if it were real data.

In the event of alleged or suspected research misconduct such as plagiarism, citation manipulation, or data falsification/fabrication, the Editorial Board will follow the appropriate COPE flowcharts to ensure that the allegations or suspicions are handled in a fair, transparent, and consistent manner.

AUTHORSHIP
All individuals listed as an author should meet the authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The ICMJE recommends that authorship is based on the following four criteria:

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work.
2. Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content.
3. Final approval of the version to be published.
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work they have done, authors should also be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work to ensure that the contributions of all authors are accurately and appropriately acknowledged. Authors may use CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) to provide information about individual contributions at the time of submission. It is expected that all authors agreed upon their individual contributions as shared by the corresponding author. The authors’ contribution statement will be published with the final article and should accurately reflect contributions to the work.

Furthermore, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors. This means that they should trust that their co-authors have conducted the research in an ethical and responsible manner, and that the data and results presented in the manuscript are accurate and reliable.

Individuals who do not meet all four of the authorship criteria should not be included as authors on the manuscript. However, they can still be acknowledged on the title page of the manuscript for their contributions to the research in order to recognize the contributions of these individuals and to provide transparency about who was involved in the research.

If the editorial board suspects a case of ghost, honorary or gift authorship, the submission will be suspended and the relevant COPE flowchart and COPE Policy on authorship and contributorship will be followed.

CHANGE OF AUTHORSHIP
Any requests for changes to authorship, such as the removal or addition of authors, or changes in the order of authors, should be submitted to the editorial office with a letter stating the reasons for the change. The letter must be signed by all authors, including any who have been removed.

The journal’s Editorial Board will handle all requests for changes to authorship in a consistent and transparent manner, following the relevant COPE flowchart guidelines. These procedures are in place to protect the integrity of the research and the reputation of all involved authors.

DECLARATION OF INTERESTS
Authors must reveal any relationships or interests that may lead to an inappropriate influence or bias in their work. This should be done by disclosing any possible conflicts of interest through the online submission system while submitting their manuscript.

Current Perspectives in Social Sciences also requires and encourages individuals involved in the peer review process of submitted manuscripts to disclose any existing or potential competing interests that might lead to potential bias.

The Editorial Board will handle cases of potential competing interests of editors, authors, or reviewers within the scope of relevant COPE flowcharts.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Current Perspectives in Social Sciences requires authors to disclose any financial support they received to conduct their research. This information should be included in the funding statement, which should be provided when the manuscript is submitted to the journal.

The funding statement should include the name of any granting agencies, the grant numbers, and a description of each funder's role in the research. If the funder had no role in the research, this should be stated in the funding statement as well. This information is important for readers to understand the potential biases and conflicts of interest that may exist in the research.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POLICY
The use of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools in articles published in the journal must be conducted within an ethical, transparent, and responsible framework. This policy defines the boundaries for the use of AI-assisted tools for authors, editors, and reviewers.

The journal follows the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and ICMJE regarding the use of GAI-supported technologies in the manuscript preparation process. GAI tools cannot be accepted or listed as authors in academic or scientific studies. GAI has no authorship or evaluative authority; scientific publications must be based on the researcher’s original ideas and findings. GAI may be used for language editing during manuscript preparation (and this must be clearly stated in the article).

The journal is committed to supporting copyright and publication ethics regulations. Due to ongoing legal uncertainties or potential copyright violations related to AI-generated visual content, the use of such materials is generally not permitted in our publications, except in the following cases:

For visuals directly referenced in research on artificial intelligence, a statement must be included in the note section indicating that the image was generated using generative AI and specifying which GAI was used. Example: Note. The image was generated using artificial intelligence (DALL·E, OpenAI, 2026). This statement must also be described in detail in the article before the references.

Responsible and human-controlled use of generative GAI is essential. To ensure that the use of generative GAI systems is explainable and auditable, authors must verify the accuracy and appropriateness of AI-generated visuals and clearly describe the GAI methodology used in the manuscript. All content generated using generative GAI must comply with scientific standards and ethical rules.

Authors may use generative AI tools for language editing, proofreading, or technical improvement. However, the scientific content, analyses, and conclusions of the study remain entirely the responsibility of the authors. Original idea generation and hypothesis development are the responsibility of the author. Interpretation of findings, discussion, and conclusions must not be delegated to generative AI. Methods used in data analysis generated by GAI may raise ethical concerns. GAI systems cannot be listed as authors. If GAI is used, this must be clearly disclosed in the manuscript. The authors bear final responsibility for the accuracy and ethical compliance of AI-generated content. Confidential patient data, ethics committee–required data, or copyrighted materials must not be uploaded to GAI systems. GAI tools cannot create the scientific content of the study.

Editors may use GAI-supported systems for limited purposes such as language quality checks or similarity analysis during preliminary evaluation. However, editorial decisions are made solely by editors. Confidential patient data, ethics committee–required data, or copyrighted materials must not be uploaded to GAI systems.

Reviewers may not upload manuscript content under review to any GAI system, as this would violate data confidentiality. Reviewers may use AI tools only for language editing of the text they themselves have written. Reviewers are responsible for the scientific content of their reports.

Failure to provide proper disclosure, incomplete disclosure, or prohibited use constitutes a violation. In such cases, one or more of the following sanctions may be applied: manuscript rejection, post-publication retraction, editorial sanctions imposed by the journal, and institutional notification procedures.


POST-PUBLICATION CORRECTION REQUESTS AND RETRACTIONS
All post-publication correction requests are subject to editorial review. The editorial board will review the request and determine whether the correction is necessary and appropriate. The decision to publish a correction will be based on the nature of the error, its potential impact on the article, and the availability of supporting evidence. The editorial board may also consult with the authors, reviewers, and other experts as needed to make its decision. If the correction request is approved, the article will be corrected in the journal's archive.

The Editorial Board reviews cases following journal policies and COPE guidelines.

If misconduct allegations are made by whistleblowers directly, the Editorial Board will follow the relevant COPE’s flowchart. The journal will act in accordance with the COPE's flowchart on how to respond to whistleblowers when concerns are raised about a published article on a social media site.

In some cases, an ombudsperson may be assigned to resolve claims that cannot be resolved internally.

To investigate potential ethical misconduct, the editorial board may share information with other editors-in-chief to conduct investigations more efficiently and effectively. If communication with the editor-in-chief is necessary, the editorial board will follow the relevant COPE's recommendations.

If necessary, the journal may also contact institutions to inform them of suspected misconduct by researchers and provide evidence to support these concerns, following COPE guidelines in the process.

In the event of ethical misconduct concerns, the editors will investigate the case according to COPE guidelines. If the investigation verifies the concern, the editors may issue a retraction notice. The retraction notice will be published in the journal and the article's record will be updated to reflect the retraction. The article will remain in the archives of the journal, but it will be clearly marked as retracted. The article's record will also be updated in the relevant indexes to reflect the retraction.

WITHDRAWAL REQUESTS
Withdrawal requests for an article are reviewed by the editorial board of the journal. To request the withdrawal of an article, the authors must send a letter signed by all authors stating their request and the reasons for withdrawal to the journal editor. The editorial board will then review the request and make a decision based on the reasons provided by the authors. If the request is approved, the article will be withdrawn from the journal and the authors will be notified of the decision. It is important to note that authors should not submit their work to another journal for evaluation until the withdrawal request has been approved. This is to avoid any potential conflicts of interest or duplication of publication.

APPEALS AND COMPLAINT
The editorial board of the journal is responsible for addressing appeals and complaints in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations of the COPE. If an author has an appeal or complaint, they should contact the editorial office directly to discuss their concerns. The editorial board will review the case and make a decision based on COPE guidelines.

The editor-in-chief has the final authority in the decision-making process for all appeals and complaints. In some cases, an ombudsperson may be assigned to resolve claims that cannot be resolved internally. It is important to note that the journal follows a fair and transparent process for handling appeals and complaints, with the goal of preserving the integrity of the scientific record.

PREPRINT POLICY
Current Perspectives in Social Sciences does not consider preprints as prior publication, which means that authors are allowed to present and discuss their findings on a non-commercial preprint server before submitting their work to the journal.

However, authors must provide the journal with the preprint server deposition of their article, along with its DOI, during the initial submission process.

If the article is accepted and published in the journal, it is the responsibility of the authors to update the archived preprint and link it to the published version of the article. This helps to ensure that readers can easily access the most up-to-date and accurate information.

PERMISSION POLICY
As of the March 2022 issue, the journal's content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License.

Under this license, users are allowed to share, adapt, reproduce and distribute the journal's content for non-commercial purposes, provided that they give appropriate credit to the original author and the journal.

Atatürk University is the copyright holder of content published before March 2022.

DISCLAIMER
The statements or opinions expressed in the manuscripts published in the journal reflect the views of the author(s) and not the views of the editors, editorial board, and/or publisher. The editors, editorial board, and publisher are not responsible for the content of the manuscripts and do not necessarily endorse the views expressed in them. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that their work is accurate and well-researched, and the views expressed in their manuscripts are their own. The editors, editorial board, and publisher simply provide a platform for the authors to share their work with the scientific community.

No fee is charged from the author or institution under any name.

Current Perspectives in Social Sciences is funded by the Atatürk University. Authors are not required to pay any fees during the evaluation and publication process.

Baş Editör

Communication and Media Studies, Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies, New Communication Technologies

Editör

Hellenistic Period Archeology, Classical Period Archeology, Numismatics, Greek and Roman Period Archeology, Cultural Heritage and Conservation

Editör Yardımcıları

Islamic Sects
Journalism, Communication Studies, New Media, Communication and Media Studies (Other)

Alan Editörleri

Augmented Reality, New Media

1978 yılında Erzurum’un Şenyurt köyünde doğdu. İlk ve orta öğrenimini Erzurum’da, Lisans öğrenimini ise Selçuk Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nde tamamladı. 2000 yılında öğretmen olarak atandı ve aynı yıl Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde Yüksek Lisans’a başladı. 2003 yılında yüksek lisansını tamamladı. Aynı yıl Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde başladığı Doktora eğitimini, ‘Felsefi ve Teolojik Açıdan Mucize’ adlı teziyle 2010 yılında tamamladı. 2012 yılında Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Din Felsefesi A.B.D.’da öğretim üyesi olarak göreve başladı. Aynı fakültede bilimsel çalışmalarının yanı sıra iki yıl süreyle dekan yardımcılığı görevini yürüttü. 3 ay süreyle Amerika’da (Georgetown Üniversitesi) bilimsel çalışmalar yaptı. 2019 yılında doçent, 2024 yılında ise profesör oldu. Halen Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi İslam Felsefesi Anabilim Dalı’nda öğretim üyesi olarak görev yapmaktadır. Evli ve üç çocuk babasıdır.

Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Islamic Philosophy, Turkish Islamic Philosophy, Religion, Society and Culture Studies
Mass Media, Radio Programming , Radio-Television
International Politics, Political Science (Other), International Law
Visual Cultures, Islamic Arts, History of Architecture, Art History

Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Erzincan, Türkiye, sdemirdogen@erzincan.edu.tr 

Production and Operations Management, Supply Chains, Supply Chain Management, Transportation, Logistics and Supply Chains (Other)
Family Sociology , Sociology of Gender, Youth Sociology , Migration Sociology, Women's Studies, Men's Studies
Archaeological Science, Classical Period Archeology, Greek and Roman Period Archeology
Human Geography, City in Human Geography, Ecology, Sustainability and Energy, Economic Geography, Development Geography, Cultural Geography, Population Geography, Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Geography, Turkish Human Geography, Turkish Economic Geography, Habitation Geography, Human Geography (Other), Tourism
Classical Turkish Literature of Ottoman Field, Classical Turkish Literature
Hospitality Management, Tourism, Sustainable Tourism

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Bülümü’nde 2011 yılında lisans, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik
Anabilim Dalı’nda 2014 yılında yüksek lisans ve 2018 yılında doktorasını tamamlamıştır. Atatürk Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi’nde 2013-2019 yılları arasında araştırma görevlisi olarak, 2019 yılından itibaren ise Kocaeli Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi’nde Dr. Öğretim Üyesi olarak kariyerine devam etmiştir. 2024 yılında turizm alanında doçent unvanını almış olup halen  Kocaeli Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları bölümünde görev yapmaktadır. Turizm, gastronomi, turizm destinasyonları, yöresel mutfak ve sürdürülebilirlik alanlarında ulusal ve uluslararası yayınları bulunmaktadır.

Tourism, Gastronomy, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Management, Food Culture, Traditional Food, Gastronomy Tourism
Setting Standards and Norms, Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Disabled Groups, Social and Personality Psychology, Political Psychology, Social Psychology, Community Psychology, Statistical Analysis Methods, Industrial and Organisational Psychology (Incl. Human Factors)
Philosophy, Ethics, Philosophy of Society, Philosophy of Society, Contemporary Philosophy
Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure

Fatih Aydın, 2014 yılında Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Anabilim Dalında Araştırma Görevlisi olarak başladığı görevine Dr. Öğr. Üyesi olarak devam etmektedir.

Psychological Counseling Education, Psychological Counseling and Guidance (Other)

Yayın Kurulu

Communication Theories, Communication Sociology
International Relations, American Studies, Turkish Foreign Policy, History of The Republic of Turkiye, American Political History
Islamic Sects
Leadership, Strategy, Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour (Other)
Arabic Language, Literature and Culture
Corporate Social Responsibility in Management
Administrative Law

Mohammad Jaber Thalgi, 2014 yılından bu yana Ürdün’deki Yarmouk Üniversitesinde İslam Çalışmaları Profesörü olarak görev yapmaktadır. Daha önce İmam Abdurrahman bin Faysal Üniversitesi (eski adıyla Dammam Üniversitesi) ve Kasım Üniversitesinde Yardımcı Doçent olarak çalışmıştır. Araştırmaları, özellikle dinî perspektiften eğitim alanına odaklanmaktadır. 2007 yılında, Türkiye’de Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesinden Din Eğitimi alanında doktora derecesini almıştır. Geniş kapsamlı akademik çalışmaları, dinî meselelerin farklı eğitimsel ve toplumsal bağlamlarla kesişimini incelemektedir. Lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora düzeylerinde; bilimsel araştırma, İslam eğitim düşüncesi ve İslam eğitimi alanlarında çeşitli dersler vermektedir.

Religious Education
Panel Data Analysis, Macroeconomic Theory, Employment, Development Economics - Macro
Human Resources Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, Organisation and Management Theory
Political and Civilization History of Islam, Intellectual History of Ottoman, Religion, Society and Culture Studies
Studies in Eastern Religious Traditions, Christian Studies, Comparative Religious Studies, Jewish Studies, Islamic Sects, Sufism
Leadership, Strategy
Turkish Foreign Policy, Political History, Türkish Political Hİstory
Anatolian Languages
Regional Economy, Tourism Economics, Tourism Planning, Tourism Management

Yabancı Dil Editörleri

Linguistic Structures (Incl. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax), French Language, Literature and Culture, Contemporary Drama Studies
Arabic Language, Literature and Culture

Ahmet Sarı, Atatürk Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümünde Prof. Dr. olarak görev yapmaktadır. Sarı, Alman kültürü ve edebiyatı üzerine çalışmalar yapmaktadır.

German Language, Literature and Culture
Persian Language, Literature and Culture
English As A Second Language, Language Acquisition, Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics, Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture

Aysel Eyerci, Atatürk Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu'nda İngilizce Öğretim Görevlisi olarak çalışmaktadır. İngilizce, İş İngilizcesi, Diplomatik İngilizce, ESP ve Uygulamalı Dilbilim gibi çeşitli dersler vermiştir. Dr. Eyerci, Atatürk Üniversitesi İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı bölümünden doktora derecesi almıştır. Araştırma ilgi alanları İngilizce Dil Öğretimi, TESOL, Eğitim Araştırması, ESL Yazımı, Akademik Yazmadır. Bazı Uluslararası Konferanslarda düzenleme komitesi üyesi ve tercüman olarak yer almıştır. ELT üzerine makaleler yayınlamış ve sunmuştur.

English As A Second Language, Language Acquisition
British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
English As A Second Language

İstatistik Editörleri

Statistical and Quantitative Genetics, Econometric and Statistical Methods, Biostatistics, Statistical Analysis, Quantitative Decision Methods , Applied Statistics, Statistics (Other), Statistical Analysis Methods, Animal Science, Genetics and Biostatistics
Econometric and Statistical Methods, Time-Series Analysis, Statistical Analysis

Mizanpaj Editörü

Archaeology, Archaic Period Archeology, Ceramics in Archeology, Hellenistic Period Archeology, Classical Period Archeology, Greek and Roman Period Archeology

Yayın Kurulu Sekreteri

Electronic Documentation Management Systems

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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