Savunma Sanayinde Çalışan Bireylerin Stres Düzeyleri, Besin Neofobisi ve Akdeniz Diyetine Uyumlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Stres besin tercihleri ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Bu çalışma savunma sanayinde çalışan bireylerin algılanan stres düzeyleri, besin neofobisi ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren savunma sanayi kuruluşlarında çalışan 93 erkek 26 kadın olmak üzere toplam 119 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Çevrimiçi anket formu aracılığıyla katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçüm beyanları, algılanan stres ve besin neofobisi düzeyleri ve Akdeniz diyetine bağlılıkları sorgulanmıştır. Bulgular: Bireylerin algılanan stres düzeyleri erkeklerde 15,0±4,2, kadınlarda 16,7±2,98 puan (p>0,05) olmak üzere ortalama 15,4±4,04 olarak saptanmıştır. Bireylerin besin neofobisi skorları ortalama 36,5±10,66 puan (Erkeklerde 37,1±10,07; kadınlarda 34,1±12,51 puan), Akdeniz diyetine uyum skorları ortalama 6,1±2,04 puan (Erkeklerde 5,9±2,02; kadınlarda 6,6±2,06; puan) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin besin neofobisi düzeylerine göre algılanan stres düzeyleri ve Akdeniz diyetlerine uyumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada savunma sanayinde çalışan bireylerin algılanan stres düzeyleri, besin neofobisi ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumları arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Besin neofobisi
• algılanan stres
• Akdeniz diyeti

Examination of Perceived Stress, Food Neophobia and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence of Defense Industry Workers

Öz

Objective: Stress is an important factor affecting food preferences and eating habits. This study was carried out to examine the perceived stress levels, food neophobia and the Mediterranean diet adherence of the defense industry workers. Materials and Methods: A total of 119 adults, 93 men and 26 women, working in defense industry organizations operating in Ankara were included in the study. The participants' sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurement statements, perceived stress and food neophobia levels, and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet were questioned via an online questionnaire. Results: Perceived stress levels of participants were 15.4±4.04 (15.0±4.2 and 16.7±2.98 in men and women, respectively). Food neophobia scores were found 36.5±10.66 (37.1±10.07 in men; 34.1±12.51 in women), and the Mediterranean diet adherence scores were 6.1±2.04 (5.9±2.02 in men; 6.6±2.06 in women;). Perceived stress levels and the Mediterranean diet adherence of individuals according to their food neophobia levels were not statistically different (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, no significant relationship was found between the perceived stress levels, food neophobia and the Mediterranean diet adherence of defense industry workers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food neophobia
• perceived stress
• Mediterranean diet

Kaynakça

1. Block, J.P, He, Y, Zaslavsky, A.M, Ding L, Ayanian, J.Z, Psychosocial stress and change in weight among US adults, American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009, 170(2), 181-192.
2. Pasquali, R, The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sex hormones in chronic stress and obesity: pathophysiological and clinical aspects, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012, 1264(1), 20-35.
3. Torres, S.J, Nowson, C.A, Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity, Nutrition, 2007, 23(11-12), 887-894.
4. Yau, Y.H, Potenza M.N, Stress and eating behaviors, Minerva endocrinologica, 2013, 38(3), 255-267.
5. Rutters, F, Nieuwenhuizen, A.G, Lemmens, S.G, Norn, J.M, Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S, Acute stress‐related changes in eating in the absence of hunger, Obesity, 2009, 17(1), 72-77.
6. Zellner, D.A, Loaiza, S, Gonzalez Z, Pita, J, Morales, J, Pecora, D, et al., Food selection changes under stress, Physiology & Behavior, 2006, 87(4), 789-793.
7. Almajwal, A.M, Stress, shift duty, and eating behavior among nurses in Central Saudi Arabia, Saudi Medical Journal, 2016, 37(2), 191-198.
8. Tate, E.B, Spruijt-Metz, D, Pickering, T.A, Pentz, M.A, Two facets of stress and indirect effects on child diet through emotion-driven eating, Eating Behaviors, 2015, 18, 84-90.

9. Bassett, S.M, Lupis, S.B, Gianferante, D, Rohleder, N, Wolf, J.M, Sleep quality but not sleep quantity effects on cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress, Stress, 2015, 18(6), 638-644.
10. Hall, M.H, Casement M.D, Troxel, W.M, Matthews, K.A, Bromberger, J.T, Kravitz, H.M, et al., Chronic stress is prospectively associated with sleep in midlife women: the SWAN sleep study, Sleep, 2015, 38(10), 1645-1654.
11. Errisuriz, V.L, Pasch, K.E, Perry, C.L, Perceived stress and dietary choices: The moderating role of stress management, Eating Behaviors, 2016, 22, 211-216.
12. Bayram, N, Bilgel, N, The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students, Social psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2008, 43(8), 667-672.
13. Wichianson, J.R, Bughi, S.A, Unger, J.B, Spruijt-Metz, D, Nyugen-Rodriguez, S.T, Perceived stress, coping and night‐eating in college students, Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2009, 25(3), 235-240.
14. D’Amico, D, Huang, V, Fiocco, A.J, Examining the Moderating Role of a Mediterranean Diet in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Cognitive Function in Older Adults, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 2020, 76(3), 435-443.
15. Crichton, G.E, Bryan, J, Hodgson, J.M, Murphy, K.J, Mediterranean diet adherence and self-reported psychological functioning in an Australian sample, Appetite, 2013, 70, 53-59.
16. Predieri, S, Sinesio, F, Monteleone, E, Spinelli, S, Cianciabella, M, Danielle, G.M, et al., Gender, Age, Geographical Area, Food Neophobia and Their Relationships with the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: New Insights from a Large Population Cross-Sectional Study, Nutrients, 2020, 12(6), 1778-1792.
17. Jaeger, S, Rasmussen, M.A, Prescott, J, Relationships between food neophobia and food intake and preferences: Findings from a sample of New Zealand adults, Appetite, 2017, 116, 410-422.
18. Laureati, M, Spinelli, S, Monteleone, E, Dinnella, C, Prescott, J, Cattaneo, C, et al., Associations between food neophobia and responsiveness to “warning” chemosensory sensations in food products in a large population sample, Food Quality and Preference, 2018, 68, 113-124.
19. Zickgraf, H.F, Schepps, K, Fruit and vegetable intake and dietary variety in adult picky eaters, Food Quality and Preference, 2016, 54, 39-50.
20. Tuorila, H, Hartmann, C, Consumer responses to novel and unfamiliar foods, Current Opinion in Food Science, 2020, 33, 1-8.
21. Sarin, H.V, Taba, N, Fischer, K, Esko, T, Kanerva, N, Moilanen, L, et al., Food neophobia associates with poorer dietary quality, metabolic risk factors, and increased disease outcome risk in population-based cohorts in a metabolomics study, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019, 110(1), 233-245.
22. Proserpio, C, Laureati, M, Invitti, C, Pagliarini, E, Reduced taste responsiveness and increased food neophobia characterize obese adults, Food Quality and Preference, 2018, 63, 73-79.
23. Cohen, S, Kamarck, T, Mermelstein, R, Global Measure of Perceived Stress, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1983, 24, 385-398.
24. Bilge, A, Öğce, F, Genç, R.E, Oran, N.T, Algılanan stres ölçeği (ASÖ)’nin Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik uygunluğu, Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 2009, 2(25), 61-72.
25. Pliner, P, Hobden, K, Development of a scale to measure neophobia in humans the trait of food, Appetite, 1992, 19, 105-120.
26. Uçar, E.M, Yetişkin Bireylerde Yeni Besin Korkusu ve Diyet Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), 2018, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
27. Schröder, H, Fito, M, Estruch, R, Martinez-Donzalez, M.A, Corella, D, Salas-Salvado, J, et al., A short screener is valid for assessing Mediterranean diet adherence among older Spanish men and women, The Journal of Nutrition, 2011, 141(6), 1140-1145.
28. Pehlivanoğlu, E.F.Ö, Balcioğlu, H, Ünlüoğlu, İ, Akdeniz Diyeti Bağlılık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği, Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, 2020, 42(2), 160-164.
29. Kalkuz, S, Demircan, A, Effects of the Mediterranean diet adherence on body composition, blood parameters and quality of life in adults, Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2020, 1-5.
30. Yalcin, E, Yenicag, R, Dedebayraktar, D, Rakicioglu, N, The effects of adherence to mediterranean diet assessed by predimed on anthropometric measurements in Turkish adults, Clinical Nutrition, 2018, 37, pp. 118.
31. Hoşcan, Y, Yiğit, F, Müderrisoğlu, H, Adherence to Mediterranean diet and its relation with cardiovascular diseases in Turkish population, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2015, 8(2), 2860-2868.
32. Costa, A, Silva, C, Oliveira, A, Food neophobia and its association with food preferences and dietary intake of adults, Nutrition & Dietetics, 2020, 77(5), 542-549.
33. De Toffoli, A, Spinelli, S, Monteleone, E, Arena, E, Di Monaco, R, Endrizzi, I, et al., Influences of psychological traits and PROP taster status on familiarity with and choice of phenol-rich foods and beverages, Nutrients, 2019, 11(6), 1329-1352.
34. Maiz, E, Balluerka, N, Nutritional status and Mediterranean diet quality among Spanish children and adolescents with food neophobia, Food Quality and Preference, 2016, 52, 133-142.
35. Rodríguez-Tadeo, A, Patino-Villena, B, Gonzalez-Martinez, E, Urquidez-Romero, R, Ros-Berruezo, G, Food neophobia, Mediterranean diet adherence and acceptance of healthy foods prepared in gastronomic workshops by Spanish students, Nutricion Hospitalaria, 2018, 35(3), 642-649.
36. Knaapila, A, Silventoinen, K, Broms, U, Rose, R.j, Perola, M, Kaprio, J, et al., Food neophobia in young adults: genetic architecture and relation to personality, pleasantness and use frequency of foods, and body mass index- a twin study, Behavior Genetics, 2011, 41(4), 512-521.
37. Rigal, N, Frelut, M, Monneuse, M.O, Hladik, C.M, Simmen, B, Pasquet, P, Food neophobia in the context of a varied diet induced by a weight reduction program in massively obese adolescents, Appetite, 2006, 46(2), 207-214.
38. Khaled, K, Tsofliou, F, Hundley, V, Helmreich, R, Almilajai, O, Perceived stress and diet quality in women of reproductive age: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutrition Journal, 2020, 19(1), 1-15.
39. Laugero, K.D, Falcon, L.M, Tucker, K.L, Relationship between perceived stress and dietary and activity patterns in older adults participating in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, Appetite, 2011, 56(1), 194-204.