Year 2014,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 143 - 170, 02.02.2014
Can Meşe
,
Seda Özer
,
Muhterem Dindar
H. Ferhan Odabaşı
Abstract
Interest, as a motivational component in understanding the learning dispositions, has substantial importance in learning of individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to address how interest is formed and developed, its relation to the learning of students, and the mediators of such a relation to better organize learning activities in educational settings. In this study, the concept of interest, phases of interest formation and the main factors effecting the interest development were discussed with respect to the related literature. Also the educational programme of 43 Computer Education and Instructional Technology departments in Turkey were thoroughly examined and main areas of interests offered to the students of these departments were identified. Considering the employment opportunities for Computer Education and Instructional Technology programme graduates in Turkey, further discussions were made about how to improve the interests of students in several areas to provide them better employment opportunities.
References
- Akkoyunlu, B. & Orhan, F. (2003) Bilgisayar ve öğretim teknolojileri eğitimi (BÖTE) bölümü öğrencilerinin bilgisayar kullanma öz yeterlik inancı ile demografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET, 2(3), 86-93.
- Alexander, P. S., Jetton, T. L. & Kulikowich, J. M. (1995). Interrelationship of knowledge, interest, and recall: Assessing a model of domain learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 559-575
- Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. (2002). Interest, learning, and the psychological processes that mediate their relationship. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 545–561.
- Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. (1999). Situational and individual interest in cognitive and affective aspects of learning. Paper presented in American Educational Research Association Meetings, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Ainley, M., Hillman, K., & Hidi, S. (2002). Gender and interest processes in response to literary texts: Situational and individual interest. Learning and Instruction, 12(4), 411–428.
- Arıkıl, G. & Yorgancı, B. (2012). Öğretmenlerin, öğretmen adaylarının ve öğrencilerin motivasyonu algılama farklılıkları. X. Ulusal Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik Eğitimi Kongresi Niğde Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi.
- Bray, G. B. & Barron, S. (2004). Assessing Reading Comprehension: The Effects of Text-Based Interest, Gender, and Ability, Educational Assessment, 9, 3-4, 107-128
- Chen, A., & Darst, P. W. (2002). Individual and situational interest: The role of gender and skill. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 27, 250-269.
- Durik, A. & Harackiewicz, J.M. (2003). Achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: Coherence, congruence, and achievement orientation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 378-385.
- Garn, A.J., Cothran, D.J. & Jenkins, J.M. (2011). A qualitative analysis of individual interest in middle school physical education: Perspectives of early adoloscents. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 16(3), 223-226.
- Lipstein, R., & K.A. Renninger. (2006). “Putting things into words”: 12–15 yearold students’ interest for writing. In Ed. P. Boscolo and S. Hidi, Motivation and writing: Research and school practice, 113–40. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
- Harp, S. F., & Mayer, R. E. (1997). The role of interest in learning from scientific text and illustrations: On the distinction between emotional interest and cognitive interest. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 92-102.
- Hidi, S. (2000). An interest researcher’s perspective: The effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on motivation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp.309–339). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Hidi, S. (2001). Interest, reading and learning: Theoretical and practical considerations. Educational Psychology Review, 13(3), 194-195.
- Hidi, S. & Baird, W. (1986). Interestingness A neglected variable in discourse processing. Cognitive Science, 10, 179–194.
- Hidi, S. & Berndorff, D. (1998). Situational interest and learning. In L. Hoffman, A. Krapp, K. A. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning: Proceedings of the Seeon conference on interest and gender (pp.74–90). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
- Hidi, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st century. Review of Educational Research, 70, 151-179
- Hidi, S., & McLaren, J. A.(1991). Motivational Factors and Writings: The Role of Topic Interestingness. European Journal of Psychology of Education, pp.188 Hidi, S. & Renninger, K.A. (2006). The four-phase model of interest development. Educational Psychologist, 41, 111–127.
- Hidi, S., Renninger, K. A., & Krapp, A. (2004). Interest, a motivational variable that combines affective and cognitive functioning. In D. Y. Dai & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), Motivation, emotion, and cognition: Integrative perspectives on intellectual functioning and development (pp. 89–115). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Hobbs, R. (2007). Reading the media: media literacy in high school English (New York, Teachers College Press).
- Izard, C. E. & Ackerman, B. P. (2000). Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions. M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions içinde (2nd Edition) (pp. 253–264). New York: Guilford.
- ISTE (2008). Retrieved August 26, 2013, from http://www.iste.org/docs/pdfs/nets-tstandards.pdf?sfvrsn=2.
- Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review, 99, 122– 1
- Kang, H., Scharmann, L.C., Kang, S., & Noh, T. (2010) Cognitive conflict and situational interest as factors influencing conceptual change. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 5(4), 383-405. kariyer.net (2013). BÖTE mezunlarının istihdam edilebilecekleri sektörlere ilişkin iş ilanları, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.kariyer.net .
- Krapp, A. (2002). An educational-psychological theory of interest and its relation to SDT. In E. L. Deci & R.M. Ryan (Eds.), The handbook of self-determination research (pp. 405–427). Rochester: University of Rochester Press.
- Krapp, A. (1999). Interest, motivation and learning: An educational-psychological. European Journal of Psychology of Education. 14(1), 23-40.
- Krapp, A., & Lewalter, D. (2001). Development of interests and interest- based motivational orientations: A longitudinal study in vocational school and work settings. In S. Volet & S. Järvelä (Eds.), Motivation in learning contexts: Theoretical advances and methodological implications (pp. 201– 232). London: Elsevier.
- Krapp, A., Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (1992). Interest, learning and development. In Renninger, A., Hidi, S., and Krapp, A. (Eds.), The Role of Interest in Learning and Development, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 3–25.
- Kuzgun, Y., & Deryakulu, D. (2006). Bireysel farklılıklar ve eğitime yansımaları. In Kuzgun, Y. & Deryakulu, D. (Eds.), Eğitimde bireysel farklılıklar, (pp. 1 11), Ankara: Nobel.
- Leu, D. J. (2000). Literacy and technology: Deictic consequences for literacy education in aninformation age. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson & R. Barr (Eds.), Handook of reading research (pp. 743-770). Mahwah, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Lipstein, R. & Renninger, K.A. (2006). “Putting things into words”: 12–15 year-old students’ interest for writing. In P. Boscolo & S. Hidi (Eds.) Motivation and writing: Research and school practice (pp. 113– 40). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
- Linnenbrink-Garcia, L., Durik, A. M., Conley, A. M., Barron, K. E., Tauer, J. M., Karabenick, S. A., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2010). Measuring situational interest in academic domains. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(4), 647-671.
- Mayer, R. E., Heiser, J., & Lonn, S. (2001). Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning: When presenting more material results in less understanding. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 187-198.
- MEB (2009). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına Bağlı Eğitim Kurumlarına Öğretmen Olarak Atanacakların Atamalarına Esas Olan Alanlar ile Mezun Oldukları Yükseköğretim Programları ve Aylık Karşılığı Okutacakları Derslere İlişkin Esaslar, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://ikgm.meb.gov.tr/upload/Kimler_ogretmen_olur.pdf.
- MEB İstatikleri (2011). Milli Eğitim İstatikleri Örgün Eğitim 2010- 2011, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2012_12/06021014_meb_istatistikle ri_orgun_egitim_2010_2011.pdf.
- Mitchell, M. (1993). Situational interest: Its multifaceted structure in the secondary school mathematics classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 4244
- Murphy, P. K., & Alexander, P. A. (2002). The learner-centered principles: Their value for teachers and teaching. In W. D. Hawley (Ed.), KEYS to school improvement (pp. 10-27). Washington, DC: National Education Association Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Merrill.
- Prensky, M. (2001). Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
- Renninger, K. A. (1992). Individual interest and development: Implications for theory and practice. In A. Renninger, S. Hidi, and A. Krapp (Eds.), The role of interest in learning and development (pp. 361-395). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Renninger, K. A. (2000). Individual interest and its implications for understanding intrinsic motivation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp. 373–404). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Renninger, K. A. (1998). The roles of individual interest(s) and gender in learning: An overview of research on preschool and elementary school-aged children. In L. Hoffmann, A. Krapp, K. A. Renninger, & J.Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning: Proceedings of the Seeon conference on interest and gender (pp. 165–174). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
- Renninger K.A., Ewen L. & Lasher A.K. (2002). Individual interest as context in expository text and mathematical word problems. Learning and Instruction, 12(4), 467-491
- Renninger, K.A. & Hidi, S. (2002). Student interest and achievement: Developmental issues raised from a case study. In A. Wigfield and J.S. Eccles (Eds), Development of achievement motivation, 173–195. New York: Academic.
- Renninger, K. A., Sansone, C. & Smith, J. L. (2004). Love of learning. In C. Peterson and M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Character strengths and virtues: A classification and handbook (pp. 161–179). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Renninger, K. A., & Schumar, W. (2002). Community building with and for teachers: TheMath Forum as a resource for teacher professional development. In K. A. Renninger & W. Shumar (Eds.), Building virtual communities: Learning and change in cyberspace (pp. 60–95). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Renninger, K. A. & Wozniak, R. H. (1985). Effect of interest on attention shift, recognition, and recall in young children. Developmental Psychology, 21, 624–632.
- Schiefele, U. (1996). Topic interest, text representation, and quality of experience. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21, 3–18.
- Schiefele, U. (1998). Individual interest and learning, what we know and what we don’t know. In L. Hoffman, A. Krapp, K. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning: Proceedings of the Seeon Conference on Interest and Gender (pp. 91–104). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
- Schiefele, U. & Krapp, A. (1996). Topic interest and free recall of expository test. Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 141–160.
- Schiefele, U., Krapp, A. & Winteler, A. (1992). Interest as a predictor of academic achievement: A meta-analysis of research. In K. A. Renninger, S. Hidi, & A. Krapp (Eds.), The role of interest in learning and development (pp. 183– 212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Shen, B., Chen, A., & Guan, J. (2007). Using achievement goals and interest to predict learning in physical education. Journal of Experimental Education, 75(2), 89-108.
- Schraw, G., Bruning, R., & Svoboda, C. (1995). Sources of situational interest. J. Reading Behavior. 27, 1–17.
- Schraw, G., Flowerday, T., & Lehman, S. (2001). Increasing situational interest in the classroom. Educational Psychology Review, 13(3), 211-224
- Schraw, G. & Lehman S. (2001). Situational Interest: A Review of the Literature and Directions for Future Research. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 23Tekerek, M., Ercan, O., Udum, M.S. & Saman, K. (2012). Computer Selfefficiency of Pre-service IT [Teachers Bilişim Teknolojileri Öğretmen Adaylarının Bilgisayar Öz-yeterlikleri], Turkish Journal of Education (TURJE), 1(2), 80-91
- Todt, E., & Schreiber, S. (1998). Development of interests. L. Hoffmann, A. Krapp, K. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning içinde (pp. 25-40). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
- Tutkun, T. & Özdemir, M. (2012) Effects of Computer Pre-Qualıfıcatıon On CIT Students’ Success in Department Courses [BÖTE bölümü öğrencilerinin bilgisayar ön yeterliklerinin bölüm derslerindeki başarılarına etkisi], The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5(8), 1197-1208
- Wade, S. E., & Adams, R. B. (1990). Effects of importance and interest on recall of biographical text. Journal of Literacy Research, 22(4), 331-353.
- Wade, S. E., Buxton, W. M., & Kelly, M. (1999). Using think-alouds to examine reader-text interest. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 194 –216. yenibiris.com, (2013). BÖTE mezunlarının istihdam edilebilecekleri sektörlere ilişkin iş ilanları, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.yenibiris.com
“Interest” and the Domains of Interest in the Curricula of CEIT Departments / “İlgi” ve BÖTE Öğrencilerinin Çalışma Alanlarındaki Önemi
Year 2014,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 143 - 170, 02.02.2014
Can Meşe
,
Seda Özer
,
Muhterem Dindar
H. Ferhan Odabaşı
Abstract
İlgi, bireylerin öğrenme ve öğrenmeye ilişkin eğilimlerini anlama ve yönlendirmede büyük öneme sahip bir motivasyon türü olarak görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan ilginin nasıl oluştuğu, bireylerin öğrenmeleri ve ilgileri arasındaki ilişkiyi etkileyen değişkenlerin neler olduğu dikkate değer bir araştırma alanı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilgi kavramı ve ilginin ne şekilde oluştuğu, geliştiği ve bu gelişime etki eden faktörlerin neler olduğu alanyazın taramasından elde edilen bilgiler ışığında ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada ülke genelinde lisans düzeyinde örgün eğitim vermekte olan 43 Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi bölümünün öğretim programı incelenmiş ve öğrencilere ne tür ilgi alanlarının sunulduğu ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada tespit edilen ilgi alanları ve bu ilgi alanlarının geliştirilmesine ilişkin öğrencilere sunulan olanaklar tartışılmış, öğrencilerin gelecekte iş fırsatları da göz önünde bulunularak lisans eğitimleri süresince belli alanlara ilişkin ilgillerinin geliştirilmesi sürecinde yapılması gerekenler tartışılmıştır.
References
- Akkoyunlu, B. & Orhan, F. (2003) Bilgisayar ve öğretim teknolojileri eğitimi (BÖTE) bölümü öğrencilerinin bilgisayar kullanma öz yeterlik inancı ile demografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET, 2(3), 86-93.
- Alexander, P. S., Jetton, T. L. & Kulikowich, J. M. (1995). Interrelationship of knowledge, interest, and recall: Assessing a model of domain learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 559-575
- Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. (2002). Interest, learning, and the psychological processes that mediate their relationship. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 545–561.
- Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. (1999). Situational and individual interest in cognitive and affective aspects of learning. Paper presented in American Educational Research Association Meetings, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Ainley, M., Hillman, K., & Hidi, S. (2002). Gender and interest processes in response to literary texts: Situational and individual interest. Learning and Instruction, 12(4), 411–428.
- Arıkıl, G. & Yorgancı, B. (2012). Öğretmenlerin, öğretmen adaylarının ve öğrencilerin motivasyonu algılama farklılıkları. X. Ulusal Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik Eğitimi Kongresi Niğde Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi.
- Bray, G. B. & Barron, S. (2004). Assessing Reading Comprehension: The Effects of Text-Based Interest, Gender, and Ability, Educational Assessment, 9, 3-4, 107-128
- Chen, A., & Darst, P. W. (2002). Individual and situational interest: The role of gender and skill. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 27, 250-269.
- Durik, A. & Harackiewicz, J.M. (2003). Achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: Coherence, congruence, and achievement orientation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 378-385.
- Garn, A.J., Cothran, D.J. & Jenkins, J.M. (2011). A qualitative analysis of individual interest in middle school physical education: Perspectives of early adoloscents. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 16(3), 223-226.
- Lipstein, R., & K.A. Renninger. (2006). “Putting things into words”: 12–15 yearold students’ interest for writing. In Ed. P. Boscolo and S. Hidi, Motivation and writing: Research and school practice, 113–40. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
- Harp, S. F., & Mayer, R. E. (1997). The role of interest in learning from scientific text and illustrations: On the distinction between emotional interest and cognitive interest. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 92-102.
- Hidi, S. (2000). An interest researcher’s perspective: The effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on motivation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp.309–339). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Hidi, S. (2001). Interest, reading and learning: Theoretical and practical considerations. Educational Psychology Review, 13(3), 194-195.
- Hidi, S. & Baird, W. (1986). Interestingness A neglected variable in discourse processing. Cognitive Science, 10, 179–194.
- Hidi, S. & Berndorff, D. (1998). Situational interest and learning. In L. Hoffman, A. Krapp, K. A. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning: Proceedings of the Seeon conference on interest and gender (pp.74–90). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
- Hidi, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st century. Review of Educational Research, 70, 151-179
- Hidi, S., & McLaren, J. A.(1991). Motivational Factors and Writings: The Role of Topic Interestingness. European Journal of Psychology of Education, pp.188 Hidi, S. & Renninger, K.A. (2006). The four-phase model of interest development. Educational Psychologist, 41, 111–127.
- Hidi, S., Renninger, K. A., & Krapp, A. (2004). Interest, a motivational variable that combines affective and cognitive functioning. In D. Y. Dai & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), Motivation, emotion, and cognition: Integrative perspectives on intellectual functioning and development (pp. 89–115). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Hobbs, R. (2007). Reading the media: media literacy in high school English (New York, Teachers College Press).
- Izard, C. E. & Ackerman, B. P. (2000). Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions. M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions içinde (2nd Edition) (pp. 253–264). New York: Guilford.
- ISTE (2008). Retrieved August 26, 2013, from http://www.iste.org/docs/pdfs/nets-tstandards.pdf?sfvrsn=2.
- Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review, 99, 122– 1
- Kang, H., Scharmann, L.C., Kang, S., & Noh, T. (2010) Cognitive conflict and situational interest as factors influencing conceptual change. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 5(4), 383-405. kariyer.net (2013). BÖTE mezunlarının istihdam edilebilecekleri sektörlere ilişkin iş ilanları, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.kariyer.net .
- Krapp, A. (2002). An educational-psychological theory of interest and its relation to SDT. In E. L. Deci & R.M. Ryan (Eds.), The handbook of self-determination research (pp. 405–427). Rochester: University of Rochester Press.
- Krapp, A. (1999). Interest, motivation and learning: An educational-psychological. European Journal of Psychology of Education. 14(1), 23-40.
- Krapp, A., & Lewalter, D. (2001). Development of interests and interest- based motivational orientations: A longitudinal study in vocational school and work settings. In S. Volet & S. Järvelä (Eds.), Motivation in learning contexts: Theoretical advances and methodological implications (pp. 201– 232). London: Elsevier.
- Krapp, A., Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (1992). Interest, learning and development. In Renninger, A., Hidi, S., and Krapp, A. (Eds.), The Role of Interest in Learning and Development, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 3–25.
- Kuzgun, Y., & Deryakulu, D. (2006). Bireysel farklılıklar ve eğitime yansımaları. In Kuzgun, Y. & Deryakulu, D. (Eds.), Eğitimde bireysel farklılıklar, (pp. 1 11), Ankara: Nobel.
- Leu, D. J. (2000). Literacy and technology: Deictic consequences for literacy education in aninformation age. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson & R. Barr (Eds.), Handook of reading research (pp. 743-770). Mahwah, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Lipstein, R. & Renninger, K.A. (2006). “Putting things into words”: 12–15 year-old students’ interest for writing. In P. Boscolo & S. Hidi (Eds.) Motivation and writing: Research and school practice (pp. 113– 40). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
- Linnenbrink-Garcia, L., Durik, A. M., Conley, A. M., Barron, K. E., Tauer, J. M., Karabenick, S. A., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2010). Measuring situational interest in academic domains. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(4), 647-671.
- Mayer, R. E., Heiser, J., & Lonn, S. (2001). Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning: When presenting more material results in less understanding. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 187-198.
- MEB (2009). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına Bağlı Eğitim Kurumlarına Öğretmen Olarak Atanacakların Atamalarına Esas Olan Alanlar ile Mezun Oldukları Yükseköğretim Programları ve Aylık Karşılığı Okutacakları Derslere İlişkin Esaslar, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://ikgm.meb.gov.tr/upload/Kimler_ogretmen_olur.pdf.
- MEB İstatikleri (2011). Milli Eğitim İstatikleri Örgün Eğitim 2010- 2011, Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2012_12/06021014_meb_istatistikle ri_orgun_egitim_2010_2011.pdf.
- Mitchell, M. (1993). Situational interest: Its multifaceted structure in the secondary school mathematics classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 4244
- Murphy, P. K., & Alexander, P. A. (2002). The learner-centered principles: Their value for teachers and teaching. In W. D. Hawley (Ed.), KEYS to school improvement (pp. 10-27). Washington, DC: National Education Association Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Merrill.
- Prensky, M. (2001). Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
- Renninger, K. A. (1992). Individual interest and development: Implications for theory and practice. In A. Renninger, S. Hidi, and A. Krapp (Eds.), The role of interest in learning and development (pp. 361-395). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Renninger, K. A. (2000). Individual interest and its implications for understanding intrinsic motivation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp. 373–404). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Renninger, K. A. (1998). The roles of individual interest(s) and gender in learning: An overview of research on preschool and elementary school-aged children. In L. Hoffmann, A. Krapp, K. A. Renninger, & J.Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning: Proceedings of the Seeon conference on interest and gender (pp. 165–174). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
- Renninger K.A., Ewen L. & Lasher A.K. (2002). Individual interest as context in expository text and mathematical word problems. Learning and Instruction, 12(4), 467-491
- Renninger, K.A. & Hidi, S. (2002). Student interest and achievement: Developmental issues raised from a case study. In A. Wigfield and J.S. Eccles (Eds), Development of achievement motivation, 173–195. New York: Academic.
- Renninger, K. A., Sansone, C. & Smith, J. L. (2004). Love of learning. In C. Peterson and M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Character strengths and virtues: A classification and handbook (pp. 161–179). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Renninger, K. A., & Schumar, W. (2002). Community building with and for teachers: TheMath Forum as a resource for teacher professional development. In K. A. Renninger & W. Shumar (Eds.), Building virtual communities: Learning and change in cyberspace (pp. 60–95). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Renninger, K. A. & Wozniak, R. H. (1985). Effect of interest on attention shift, recognition, and recall in young children. Developmental Psychology, 21, 624–632.
- Schiefele, U. (1996). Topic interest, text representation, and quality of experience. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21, 3–18.
- Schiefele, U. (1998). Individual interest and learning, what we know and what we don’t know. In L. Hoffman, A. Krapp, K. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Interest and learning: Proceedings of the Seeon Conference on Interest and Gender (pp. 91–104). Kiel, Germany: IPN.
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