Writing Rules for Journal of Research in Education and Society
The articles that will be submitted to Journal of Research in Education and Society should be organized using “Article Template”. The articles which do not follow writing rules stated below and not prepared according to article template are not accepted for evaluation process.Article Template General Principles1. In articles submitted to Journal of Research in Education and Society, narration should be as simple, understandable, short and concise as possible. 2. In the article, the author should use a narrative that will allow the reader to understand and evaluate every stage of the study. 3. The statements including judgment or certainty must be based on data/references. 4. In the writing of article, third person singular expression should be used. 5. During the writing process, recent Spelling Guide published by Turkish Language Association should be taken as a guide. 6. Prospective articles can be written in Turkish or English. 7. The authors should follow the referencing rules in Publication Manual of American Psychological Association’ (6th Press; 2010 published by American Psychological Association (APA). Writing Rules 1. A4 page size should be used in prospective article. Margins should be set as 2.5 cm from right, left, bottom and top. 2. The manuscripts should be written in 1.15 line spacing, using Palatino Linotype font and 10 pt.3. Single line spacing should be used in direct quotations and tables exceeding forty words. 4. Indented paragraphs should start from 1.25 cm inside. 5. Tables, figures, graphics etc. should be placed in relevant position in the text. 6. The article should include title (in English and Turkish), abstract (in English and Turkish, including keywords), main text, appendices (if any) and author statements. The detailed writing rules explained below should be taken into consideration regarding the particular parts of the article.Detailed Writing Rules Related to Parts of Article1. Title
Main title of the manuscripts should be written in the first page both in English and Turkish. Except for the conjunctions, Turkish and English titles should be written in capital letters of each word. The title in the language of the article should be at the top. For example, if the article language is Turkish, Turkish title of the article should be at the top and title in English should be under it. If the article language is English, English title of the article should be at the top and title in Turkish should be under it. The title at the top should be bold and 14 pt while the title below should be 13 pt but not bold. Titles should be placed in the center of the page. The authors should bear in mind that title should not exceed 12 words. The conjunctions “ve, veya, ile, ya da” in Turkish title and “a, an, and, by, for, in, on, of, with, where” in English title should be written in lower case.
The names of author/authors should be placed just below the English title. Only the first letter of the author's names and surnames should be written in capital and they should be 13 pt and bold. The names of the author / authors should be written in the center of the page.
2. Abstract and Keywords
The manuscripts should include a Turkish Abstract and an English Abstract, not exceeding 150 words. Turkish and English abstracts should consist of the purpose and method of the research, the conclusion and the main recommendations given. The authors should pay attention that the Turkish and English abstract of the article should not extend to the next page. Abstracts should be written justified, using 9 font size and single line spacing. In abstracts, brief information of the article should be presented in a single paragraph. Abstracts should not contain any references.
In the Article Information section, there should be at least 3 and at most 5 keywords reflecting the unity of the study. It should be written in both languages, Turkish and English, under the headings of "Anahtar Kelimeler" and "Keywords" in the same format in the relevant places. The first word of keywords must start with a capital letter and other words, except proper names, must begin with a lowercase letter and continue. It should be written in one line space, 10 font size and right aligned.
3. Author Information
There is the Author Information section on the first page of the article. In the Author Information section, the authors' name, surname, title, institution, city, country information, e-mail addresses and ORCID links are included. ORCID link addresses of the authors are added to the icon next to the author's name and surname by the editor of the journal at the layout stage.
4. Main Text
In empirical articles, the text should consist of the main parts, respectively, introduction, method, findings, discussion and conclusion. The main text should begin with the title "Introduction", method, findings, discussion and conclusion sections should take place on the following pages beginning from a new page. In review articles, this order may not be followed depending on the characteristics of the study.
4.1. Introduction Section
In the introduction, the theoretical or conceptual framework of the problem and the research should be presented along with reasons. The hypotheses to be tested and their justifications or the purpose of the research should be stated.
4.2. Method Section
The method section should consist of sub-sections including research method, design, sample (specific to the study, it can also be named as study group or research group), data collection tools, and data analysis. In the method section, the method to be followed in the research should be expressed in a clear and understandable language that allows the repetition of the research. If the reasons for the method to be conducted are not discussed in the problem section, they should definitely be discussed here. Information should be given about the features, development, validity and reliability of data collection tools. The statistical techniques used in the analysis of the data, the purpose of use, the level of significance used, the content or thematic analysis stages should be specified.
Information regarding the approval of the ethical committee of the study (name of the committee, date and number) should be disclosed in this section as stated on the first/last page of the article, and information about the signing of the informed consent form should also be included here.
4.3. Findings Section
Findings of the research should be explained using the relevant tables, figures, graphics or pictures supporting the aim and problem of the study and maintaining its integrity.
4.4. Discussion Section
The discussion section should include the explanation and discussion of the research findings based on literature. In this section, the comments made by the researcher on the findings should not be presented as facts, the findings of the study should be compared with the findings of the relevant literature. Comments should be evaluated together with other research results, supporting and different findings with their expected explanations should be pointed out, and when necessary, estimates regarding the findings should be included.
4.5. Conclusion Section
In the conclusion part, result suitable for the purpose of the research and as an answer to the main question of the research should be presented. The conclusion part must be based on the findings of the research and can be explained with them.
Within the scope of the findings of the research and the result obtained, the implementations and research suggestions for the literature and the field should be included in the "Results" section or under the "Results and Recommendations" subtitle. In the relevant section, suggestions can be presented sequentially by numbering if desired.
5. Tables
Tables should be presented where they are discussed in the text. Table number and table title should be placed above the table. Tables with their titles should be aligned centrally in the text, the table number should be written in bold, the first letter of all words except the conjunctions in the table title should be written in capital. The information in the first line of the table including description, explanation or title should be written in italics and bold.
Tables should be written in 10 font size and single line spacing, but when needed, 9 font size can be used in order not to exceed the page size of the journal.
If the tables are quoted from a source, the exact reference of the source must be specified under the table.
6. Figures
Figures should be presented in relevant places in the text where they are discussed. Figure number and figure titles should be placed under the figure. Figures should be aligned with their titles centered in the text, and the figure number should be written in bold. In the title of the figure, sentence order should be used, except for proper names, the first letter of the first word should be capitalized, and the other words should be written in lowercase. A period (.) must be placed at the end of the figure title. In case the figures need to be referenced, the reference should be presented in brackets next to the figure title.
7. Headings and Subheadings
The first 4 levels specified in the American Psychological Association 6th edition (APA 6th Edition) should be followed as reference in organization of the headings and subheadings in the text. For the Journal of Research in Education and Society, these 4 levels are defined as follows.
Table 1. Heading System According to Levels
Level
| Format
|
1.
| Centered, 12 pt, Boldface, Title Case Heading
|
| 2. | Flush Left, 11 pt, Boldface, Title Case Heading
|
| 3. | 1,25 cm Indented, 11 pt, Boldface, Title Case Heading
|
| 4. | 2,5 cm Indented, 11 pt. Boldface, Italic, Title Case Heading
|
First level headings shoul be written with 12 pt automatic space before the paragraph and 6 pt after the paragraph. Headings at other levels should be written in 1.15 line spacing with 6 pt automatic spacing before and after the paragraph.8. ReferencesReferences should be included in the text on the following page without passing on to a new page. Every reference cited in the text should be included in the bibliography and similarly, every reference in the bibliography should be cited in the text.The citation rules specified in the American Psychological Association 6th edition (APA 6th Edition) should be followed as reference for the citations in the text and in the display of the references in the "REFERENCES" section. References should be given alphabetically under the title of "References" at the end of the article, if available, the DOI number should be specified at the end of the relevant reference.References should be listed as indent of 1.25 cm and should be written with 1.15 line spacing.Indication of the reference in the text should be done by adding the surname of the author, the date of publication and the page number in direct citations, as presented in the examples given below, and not by adding a footnote. 8.1. In-text Citation-If a general reference is cited in the text, the surname of the author and the year of publication should be written in parentheses.o Example 1: In the research conducted by Küçükahmet (2002) …..o Example 2: According to Küçükahmet (2002),"........"(s.15)...o Example 3: ….. is affected (Küçükahmet, 2002).- If a direct quotation is made from a work, the source should be given with the page number.o Example (Demir, 1998, s. 42). - If an author's works of the same date are cited, they should be sorted by letter at the end of the publication year.o Example (Altın, 2009a) ve (Altın, 2009b).- In-text citation based on number of authors: • Studies with single authors: (Küçükahmet, 2002) • Studies with two authors: (Yüksel and Özdemir, 2015)•
Studies with three, four and five authors: When citing in-text, the year should be written with surnames of all authors in the first reference. For other citations, “et.al.” should be stated next to the surname of the first author. o An example for the first citation: (Yılmaz, Güçlü, Kartal and Yürekli, 2012)o An example for the next citations of the same authors: (Yılmaz et.al., 2012) •
Studies with six or more authors: If the number of authors to be cited in the text is 6 or more, only the surname of first author with “et.al.” should be written. Example for citation: (Büyüköztürk et.al., 2006)- If more than one work is cited in parentheses at the end of the sentence, the references should be given in alphabetical order. o Example for citation: ….(Bacanlı, 2001; Gysbergs and Henderson, 1997; Küçükahmet, 2002). - Studies of institutions and organizations:o An example for the first citation: (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB], 2014)o An example for the next citations: (MEB, 2014)- Works with no authors: If in-text citation will be given to a web-sourced study whose author is unknown, the title of the article or chapter is given with the year as appropriately shortened. o Example for citation: (Teknoloji Nereye Gidiyor, 2017) - In-text citations to be made in cases where the first reference cannot be accessed:Example: (Bloom as cited in Yıldırım, 2012). The reference of Yıldırım (2012) should be written in Reference List. There is no need to include the reference related to Bloom. -Short and direct quotations in the text are written with double quotes. Double quotes cannot contain double quotes. Quotations longer than 40 words in the text are written as a separate paragraph, indented 1 cm from the right and left edges, using single line spacing, 9 font size, without italics and without quotation marks.
8.2. References List
-References should be presented in alphabetical order in “References” section.
-If many publications by the same author(s) are cited, they should be listed in order from the oldest to the newest in the "References" section. The references with the same date should be sorted by letter. For example: 2000a, 2000b.
-For references in Turkish and foreign language with more than one author, you should write 'and' before the last author's surname.
-If the number of authors in the article is 7 or less, all authors should be mentioned in the references list.
-If the number of authors is 8 or more, the surnames of the first 6 authors should be written.
8.2.1. Books and Book Chapters
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assesing intercultural communicative competence. UK: Multilingual Matters.
8.2.1.1. Edited Books
Buttjes, D. ve Byram, M. (Ed.). (1991). Mediating languages and cultures: Towards an intercultural theory of foreign language education. UK: Multilingual Matters.
8.2.1.2. Book Chapter in an Edited Book
Warschauer, M. (2005). Sociocultural perspectives on CALL. In J. L. Egbert & G. M. Petrie (Eds.), CALL research perspectives (pp.41-51). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8.2.1.3. Translated Books
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover.
8.2.2. Journal Articles
8.2.2.1. Articles with a Doi number
Yilmaz, R., & Kilic-Cakmak, E. (2012). Educational interface agents as social models to influence learner achievement, attitude and retention of learning. Computers & Education, 59(2), 828-838. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.020
8.2.2.2. Articles without a Doi number
If the publication does not have a doi number, but it is accessed online, then the URL of the publication should be given as the access address.
Dunlap, J. C., & Lowenthal, P. R. (2009). Tweeting the night away: Using Twitter to enhance social presence. Journal of Information Systems Education, 20(2), 129-135.
8.2.2.3. Articles in a Magazine
Bilgici, Z. (2016, July). Ebeveynimiz geleceğimizi nasıl etkiliyor? Bilim ve Teknik, (584), 32-33.
8.2.3. Online Newspaper Article
If the article is accessed online, you should give the URL address.
Yılmaz, S. (2017, January 23). Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri Mars'a şehir kuracak. XXX Gazetesi. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx.com/ekonomi/teknoloji/haber/1393623-mars
8.2.4. Symposiums and Congresses
Borg, S. (2015, April). Evaluating an action research scheme for English language teachers. Paper presented in IATEFL, Manchaster.
8.2.4.1. Conference Papers in Published Proceedings Online
Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C.E., Wong, P., Kaas, J.H., & Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, 12593-12598.
8.2.5. Research Reports
World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. World Health Organization.
8.2.6. Master’s and Doctoral Thesis
Greer, R. J. (2014). Relationship of teacher epistemic beliefs, perceived barriers to technology use, and integration of educational technology. Doctoral Dissertation, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Institute of Educational Sciences, Illinois.
8.2.6.1. Master’s and Doctoral Thesis accessed Online
Adams, R. J. (1973). Building a foundation for evaluation of instruction in higher education and continuing education. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/
8.2.7. Specific Page on a Website
Shakespeare, W. (1623). Antony and Cleopatra. Retrieved from http://www.shakespeareonline.com/quotes/antonyquotes.html.
9. Appendices
Appendices such as the data collection tools used in the research should be included in this section, and they should be presented after the references section before passing on to the new page.
10. Author Declaration
The declarations of the researchers should be included on the last page of the article. In this context, researchers are required to make a declaration of the contribution rate and an ethics committee statement, and if any, it is required to state their support, thanks and conflict statements.
In the "Contribution Rate Declaration" section, the distribution of the contribution rates of the researchers who prepared the article should be given briefly.
In the "Support and Acknowledgment Declaration" section, if available, information about the institutions and organizations supporting the article or the people who support researchers and not included as authors should be included.
In the "Conflict Declaration" section, if any, conflicts of interest of the researchers with other persons or institutions related to the research should be stated.
In the "Ethical Notification" section, the name of the ethics committee, the date it was acquired and the issue number should be included for the studies that require the ethics committee (Ex: This study was conducted in accordance with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the University ... date and numbered ...). In articles that do not require an ethics committee decision, it should be stated with the justification that an ethics committee decision is not required. (Ex: This article does not require an ethics committee decision since it is a review type.)
11. Specific Principles for Review Studies
Articles to be included in the Journal of Research in Education and Society are categorized under two main groups. The first group includes empirical studies that are not expected to be limited to validity and reliability studies, and the second group includes review studies grouped in four groups as stated below. These studies are reviews in which the latest literature is presented in a comprehensive way on topics that are widely emphasized or attracted attention in literature.
Compiling or reviewing empirical studies on topics that can be benefited by the audience: The essence of the articles in the first group is to introduce a field to the reader with different dimensions and to present a broad perspective. The aim is to introduce the readers, mostly academics, practitioners and students, to different questions, approaches and findings in the theoretical and empirical literature and to create a reliable and rich source on this subject. In these articles, it is aimed to prevent the studies, approaches and findings from being presented in a uniform manner. In other words, instead of two-dimensional literature summaries in these articles, it is aimed to create academic products that can lead new questions and studies.
Review articles are written in a different main text format than research articles. In these studies, the introduction section is considered more broadly and the purpose of the study and the reason for the article are explained in this section. These studies do not include a method and findings section, and the discussion section, like the introduction section, covers the studies conducted on the same topic and their synthesis. After these sections, there is an interpretation and evaluation section in terms of conclusion.
Inclination studies on topics that readers can benefit from: In the second group of articles, quantitative interpretation and review of studies published in a particular field are aimed. The difference of the articles in this group from those in the first group is that the reviewed articles are limited to empirical studies.
Presenting the accumulations in the theoretical literature in the form of model proposals that include cause-effect relationships: Research in this group is defined as reviewing and summarizing empirical studies published on a particular topic using statistical or meta-analytical methods, not quantitative. Meta-analysis, a technique used to express the findings of empirical studies on a topic in a statistically cumulative way, provides a broad perspective to understand cases and relationships that are unlikely to occur in a single study.
Case presentations and discussions: The main goal of case presentations is to improve the exchange of information among those studying on applied field and to create a good reference for them. The aim is not only to convey the facts, but also to present and discuss them within a certain theoretical framework with internal consistency, and even examine them in terms of different concepts.
