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UZAKTAN EĞİTİM ORTAMINDA DENEYİMLENEN DUYGULAR İLE İLGİLİ BİR ÖLÇME ARACININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 434 - 459, 30.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1080141

Abstract

Bu çalışmada uzaktan eğitim ortamlarında deneyimlenen duyguları belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla alanyazındaki kuram, model ve yaklaşımlar temel alınarak bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Geliştirilen taslak ölçme aracını eksiksiz ve doğru olarak yanıtlayan bir devlet üniversitesinde uzaktan eğitim ile ders alan 1546 öğrenci çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Verilerin analizinde geçerlik çalışması için birinci ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, yakınsama geçerliği ve ayırt edici geçerlik hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik için Cronbach’s alpha ve yapısal güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Birinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri sonucunda her duygu için tek bir yapının ortaya çıktığı dolayısıyla da öğrenenlerin uzaktan eğitim ortamlarındaki deneyimlerine yönelik her bir duygu için ayrı duygu puanının elde edilebildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha sonra bu duygularla ilgili ikinci düzey faktör analizi yapılmıştır. İkinci düzey faktör analizi sonucunda faktör yükü 0.40’ın altında kalan üç duygu analizden çıkarılmıştır. Uzaktan eğitim ortamlarında deneyimlenen duygular(UEDD) ölçme aracında uzaktan eğitim ortamları için belirlenen etkinlik, iletişim ve etkileşime yönelik oluşturulan 12 madde ile ilgili dokuz duygu ortaya çıkmıştır. UEDD aracı hem iki faktörlü hem de üç faktörlü ölçme modelleri ile doğrulanmıştır. UEDD ölçme aracının hem iki faktörlü hem de üç faktörlü kullanılabileceği, iki şekilde de hem geçerlik hem de güvenirliğinin sağlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Thanks

Değerli görüşleri ve katkıları için Prof. Dr. Halil Yurdugül ve Prof. Dr. Banu TAVAT’a teşekkür ederiz.

References

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  • D'Mello, S. K. (2013). A selective meta-analysis on the relative ıncidence of discrete affective states during learning with technology, Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(4), 1082-1099.
  • Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions, Cognition and Emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200.
  • Ekman, P., & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review, 3(4), 364-370.
  • Eliot, J. A. R., & Hirumi, A. (2019). Emotion theory in education research practice: An interdisciplinary critical literature review. Education Technology Research and Development, 67, 1065-1084.
  • Ellsworth, P. C., & Scherer, K. R. (2003). Appraisal processes in emotion. Oxford University Press.
  • Faria, A. R., Almeida, A., Martins, C., Gonçalves, R., Martins, J., & Branco, F. (2017). A global perspective on an emotional learning model proposal. Telematics and Informatics, 34(6), 824-837.
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  • Garrison, D. R. (2003). Cognitive presence for effective asynchronous online learning: The role of reflective inquiry, self-direction and metacognition. Elements of Quality Online Education: Practice and Direction, 4(1), 47–58.
  • Graesser, A. C. (2019). Emotions are the experiential glue of learning environments in the 21st century. Learning and Instruction, 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.05.009.
  • Gunawardena, C. N., & McIsaac, M. S. (2004). Distance education. In D.H. Jonassen (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology(2nd ed.), (pp. 355-395). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: Teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 811-826.
  • Hew, K. F., Lan, M., Tang, Y., Jia, C., & Lo, C. K. (2019). Where is the “theory” within the field of educational technology research?. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 956-971.
  • Holbrey, C. E. (2020). Kahoot! Using a game-based approach to blended learning to support effective learning environments and student engagement in traditional lecture theatres. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 29(2), 191-202, DOI:10.1080/1475939X.2020.1737568.
  • Hung, M. L., Chou, C., Chen, C. H., & Own, Z. Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080-1090.
  • Imani, M., & Montazer, G. A. (2019). A survey of emotion recognition methods with emphasis on E-Learning environments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 147, 102423.
  • Izard, C. E. (2011). Forms and functions of emotions: Matters of emotion–cognition interactions. Emotion Review, 3(4), 371-378.
  • Keltner, D., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Functional accounts of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 467−480. doi: 10.1080/026999399379140
  • Lee, J. Y., & Chei, M. J. (2019). Latent profile analysis of Korean undergraduates’ academic emotions in e-learning environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(3), 1521-1546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09715-x.
  • Loderer, K., Pekrun, R., & Lester, J. C. (2020). Beyond cold technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis on emotions in technology-based learning environments. Learning and Instruction, 70, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.08.002.
  • Marchand, G. C., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2012). The role of emotion in the learning process: Comparisons between online and face-to-face learning settings. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 150-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.10.001
  • Mayer, R. E. (2020). Searching for the role of emotions in e-learning. Learning and Instruction, 70, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.05.010.
  • Moore, M. G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. Theoretical Principles of Distance Education, 1, 22-38.
  • Noteborn, G., Carbonell, K. B., Dailey-Hebert, A. & Gijselaers, W. (2012). The role of emotions and task significance in Virtual Education. Internet and Higher Education 15, 176-183.
  • Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W. & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research, Educational Psychologist, 37(2), 91-105. doi:10.1207/S15326985EP3702_4.
  • Pekrun, R., & Stephens, E. J. (2012). Academic emotions. In APA educational psychology handbook, Vol 2: Individual differences and cultural and contextual factors. (pp. 3-31). American Psychological Association.
  • Reddy, W. M. (2020). The unavoidable intentionality of affect: The history of emotions and the neurosciences of the present day. Emotion Review, 12(3), 168-178.
  • Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured?. Social Science Information, 44(4), 695-729.
  • Scherer, K. R., Shuman, V., Fontaine, J. J. R., & Soriano, C. (2013). The GRID meets the Wheel: Assessing emotional feeling via self-report. In J. J. R. Fontaine, K. R. Scherer, & C. Soriano (Eds.), Components of emotional meaning: A sourcebook (pp. 281–298). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592746.003.0019.
  • Öztüre, G., Fidan, A., Bakır, E., Uslu, N. A., & Usluel, Y. (2021). Eğitsel bağlamda teknoloji ve duygu çalışmaları üzerine bir sistematik haritalama çalışması: tanımlar, kuramlar ve gelecekteki yönelimler. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram Ve Uygulama, 11(1), 20-47.
  • Taub, M., Sawyer, R., Smith, A., Rowe, J., Azevedo, R., & Lester, J. (2020). The agency effect: The impact of student agency on learning, emotions, and problem-solving behaviors in a game based learning environment. Computers & Education, 147, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103781.
  • Veneziano, L. & Hooper, J. (1997). A method for quantifying content validity of health-related questionnaires. American Journal of Health Behavior, 21(1), 67-70.
  • Yadegaridehkordi, E., Noor, N. F. B. M., Ayub, M. N. B., Affal, H. B., & Hussin, N. B. (2019). Affective computing in education: A systematic review and future research. Computers & Education, 142, 1-19.
Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 434 - 459, 30.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1080141

Abstract

References

  • Barrett, L. F. (2006). Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 20–46
  • Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Lou, Y., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Wozney, L., ... & Huang, B. (2004). How does distance education compare with classroom instruction? A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 379-439.
  • Cleveland-Innes, M., & Campbell, P. (2012). Emotional presence, learning, and the online learning environment. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 13(4), 269-292.
  • Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, reason and the human brain. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
  • D'Mello, S. K. (2013). A selective meta-analysis on the relative ıncidence of discrete affective states during learning with technology, Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(4), 1082-1099.
  • Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions, Cognition and Emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200.
  • Ekman, P., & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review, 3(4), 364-370.
  • Eliot, J. A. R., & Hirumi, A. (2019). Emotion theory in education research practice: An interdisciplinary critical literature review. Education Technology Research and Development, 67, 1065-1084.
  • Ellsworth, P. C., & Scherer, K. R. (2003). Appraisal processes in emotion. Oxford University Press.
  • Faria, A. R., Almeida, A., Martins, C., Gonçalves, R., Martins, J., & Branco, F. (2017). A global perspective on an emotional learning model proposal. Telematics and Informatics, 34(6), 824-837.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2003). Cognitive presence for effective asynchronous online learning: The role of reflective inquiry, self-direction and metacognition. Elements of Quality Online Education: Practice and Direction, 4(1), 47–58.
  • Graesser, A. C. (2019). Emotions are the experiential glue of learning environments in the 21st century. Learning and Instruction, 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.05.009.
  • Gunawardena, C. N., & McIsaac, M. S. (2004). Distance education. In D.H. Jonassen (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology(2nd ed.), (pp. 355-395). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: Teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 811-826.
  • Hew, K. F., Lan, M., Tang, Y., Jia, C., & Lo, C. K. (2019). Where is the “theory” within the field of educational technology research?. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 956-971.
  • Holbrey, C. E. (2020). Kahoot! Using a game-based approach to blended learning to support effective learning environments and student engagement in traditional lecture theatres. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 29(2), 191-202, DOI:10.1080/1475939X.2020.1737568.
  • Hung, M. L., Chou, C., Chen, C. H., & Own, Z. Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080-1090.
  • Imani, M., & Montazer, G. A. (2019). A survey of emotion recognition methods with emphasis on E-Learning environments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 147, 102423.
  • Izard, C. E. (2011). Forms and functions of emotions: Matters of emotion–cognition interactions. Emotion Review, 3(4), 371-378.
  • Keltner, D., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Functional accounts of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 467−480. doi: 10.1080/026999399379140
  • Lee, J. Y., & Chei, M. J. (2019). Latent profile analysis of Korean undergraduates’ academic emotions in e-learning environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(3), 1521-1546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09715-x.
  • Loderer, K., Pekrun, R., & Lester, J. C. (2020). Beyond cold technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis on emotions in technology-based learning environments. Learning and Instruction, 70, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.08.002.
  • Marchand, G. C., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2012). The role of emotion in the learning process: Comparisons between online and face-to-face learning settings. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 150-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.10.001
  • Mayer, R. E. (2020). Searching for the role of emotions in e-learning. Learning and Instruction, 70, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.05.010.
  • Moore, M. G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. Theoretical Principles of Distance Education, 1, 22-38.
  • Noteborn, G., Carbonell, K. B., Dailey-Hebert, A. & Gijselaers, W. (2012). The role of emotions and task significance in Virtual Education. Internet and Higher Education 15, 176-183.
  • Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W. & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research, Educational Psychologist, 37(2), 91-105. doi:10.1207/S15326985EP3702_4.
  • Pekrun, R., & Stephens, E. J. (2012). Academic emotions. In APA educational psychology handbook, Vol 2: Individual differences and cultural and contextual factors. (pp. 3-31). American Psychological Association.
  • Reddy, W. M. (2020). The unavoidable intentionality of affect: The history of emotions and the neurosciences of the present day. Emotion Review, 12(3), 168-178.
  • Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured?. Social Science Information, 44(4), 695-729.
  • Scherer, K. R., Shuman, V., Fontaine, J. J. R., & Soriano, C. (2013). The GRID meets the Wheel: Assessing emotional feeling via self-report. In J. J. R. Fontaine, K. R. Scherer, & C. Soriano (Eds.), Components of emotional meaning: A sourcebook (pp. 281–298). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592746.003.0019.
  • Öztüre, G., Fidan, A., Bakır, E., Uslu, N. A., & Usluel, Y. (2021). Eğitsel bağlamda teknoloji ve duygu çalışmaları üzerine bir sistematik haritalama çalışması: tanımlar, kuramlar ve gelecekteki yönelimler. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram Ve Uygulama, 11(1), 20-47.
  • Taub, M., Sawyer, R., Smith, A., Rowe, J., Azevedo, R., & Lester, J. (2020). The agency effect: The impact of student agency on learning, emotions, and problem-solving behaviors in a game based learning environment. Computers & Education, 147, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103781.
  • Veneziano, L. & Hooper, J. (1997). A method for quantifying content validity of health-related questionnaires. American Journal of Health Behavior, 21(1), 67-70.
  • Yadegaridehkordi, E., Noor, N. F. B. M., Ayub, M. N. B., Affal, H. B., & Hussin, N. B. (2019). Affective computing in education: A systematic review and future research. Computers & Education, 142, 1-19.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayça Fidan 0000-0002-2199-6148

Yasemin Usluel 0000-0002-6147-3333

Early Pub Date July 30, 2022
Publication Date July 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Fidan, A., & Usluel, Y. (2022). UZAKTAN EĞİTİM ORTAMINDA DENEYİMLENEN DUYGULAR İLE İLGİLİ BİR ÖLÇME ARACININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram Ve Uygulama, 12(2), 434-459. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1080141