Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Beslenme Tedavisi Yaklaşımları

Year 2023, , 33 - 42, 30.06.2023

Melis Akhalil , Seda Çiftçi , Zehra Batu

https://doi.org/10.59518/farabimedj.1237543

Abstract

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), gelişimin erken evrelerinde ortaya çıkan, sosyal iletişim ve etkileşim davranışlarındaki kısıtlamalar, tekrarlayıcı sınırlayıcı davranışlar ve sınırlı ilgilerle karakterize edilen nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. OSB'de görülen beslenme sorunları ve gastrointestinal şikayetler, hastalığın ilk tanısından itibaren bilinmekte ve hastalığın bir özelliği olarak kabul edilmektedir. OSB'li çocukların normal gelişim gösteren çocuklara göre beş kat daha fazla beslenme sorunu yaşadıkları bilinmektedir. OSB'li çocuklarda en sık görülen beslenme sorunları, besin seçiciliği, yeme becerisinde güçlük, seçici, garip ve sıra dışı yeme davranışı, belirli bir besin sunumuna karşı duyarlılık, yeni besinlerden kaçınma, bir tür besinin aşırı ve ısrarlı alımı ve yemek zamanı davranış sorunlarıdır. Glutensiz kazeinsiz diyet, ketojenik diyet, özel karbonhidrat diyeti, feingold diyeti, Candida vücut ekolojisi diyeti, elimine alerji diyetleri gibi beslenme yaklaşımları uygulanmaktadır. Ancak, bu uygulamalar için kanıt sınırlıdır. OSB'li çocukların yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme açısından izlenmesi, kısıtlayıcı ve özel diyetlerin uygulanmasında beslenme sorunları ve yetersiz beslenmenin göz önünde bulundurulması önerilir.

Keywords

otizm, beslenme, diyet

Nutrition Therapy Approaches in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in the early stages of development, characterized by limitations in social communication and interaction behaviors, repetitive limiting behaviors, and limited interests. Nutritional problems and gastrointestinal complaints seen in ASD have been known since the first diagnosis of the disease and are considered a feature of the disease. It is known that children with ASD have feeding problems five times more often than children with normal development. The most common nutritional problems seen in children with ASD are food selectivity, difficulty in eating skills, selective, strange, and unusual eating behavior, sensitivity to a particular presentation of food, avoidance of new foods, excessive and persistent intake of one type of food and meal time behavioral problems. Dietary approaches such as gluten-free, casein-free, ketogenic, special carbohydrate, Feingold, Candida body ecology, and eliminated allergy diets are applied. However, the evidence for these practices is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor children with ASD in terms of inadequate and unbalanced nutrition and to consider feeding problems and malnutrition in applying restrictive and special diets.

Keywords

autism, nutrition, diet

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