Authors retain the copyright of their articles. By submitting their work, authors grant IJTES the right of first publication and allow the journal to distribute the published version under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This license permits others to share, adapt, and build upon the work for any lawful purpose, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original authors and the journal as the place of first publication. Authors may archive, share, or reuse the published version of their articles, as long as proper attribution and the DOI of the version of record are included.