WRITING GUIDELINES

• Manuscripts submitted to İDEALKENT must not have been published elsewhere or submitted for publication. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the APA 6.0 Publication Manual format.
• There is no page limit for manuscripts submitted to İDEALKENT. However, manuscripts between 4000 and 7000 words are preferred. Necessary abbreviations and extensions can be made in consultation with the author.
• Manuscripts may be written in Turkish or English. Each article must include an Abstract and a Summary, written in Turkish and English, respectively, with a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 words, as specified in the IDEALKENT article template. The title of the article should be short and not exceed 15 words. In addition, 3–5 Keywords should be provided.
• In research articles, the problem should be clearly stated in the introduction section. The introduction section should be followed by the methods, findings, discussion, and conclusion sections. The section headings in review articles should be determined according to the content.
• Articles must be prepared in accordance with the IDEALKENT article template and uploaded to the system without the author's name and address appearing anywhere in the article except on the first page.
• Submissions to our journal must be prepared in accordance with the specified article writing rules and our journal's article template. Authors should format their articles according to the template to ensure the process runs smoothly. Click here to access the article template.
• If the work has been supported by an institution/organization or prepared from a doctoral/master's thesis, this should be stated as a footnote at the bottom of the first page of the article. In addition, if there are individuals, institutions, or organizations to be thanked, the relevant information should be clearly stated in the article file.
• For studies with multiple authors, authors must submit a statement of contribution ratio and a conflict of interest statement during the article submission process.
• If artificial intelligence-based tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly, etc.) were used during the article production process, the stages in which they were used must be clearly stated. This information must be provided during the article submission process. All responsibility regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence lies with the authors.

Ethics Committee Approval
Our journal requires that all studies in scientific fields requiring ethics committee approval have obtained the relevant ethics committee decision. In this context, information regarding ethics committee approval (committee name, date, and decision number) must be clearly stated in the article text.
In line with the regulations implemented by Ulakbim TR Index since 2020, studies without ethics committee approval are not considered for publication in our journal.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
Studies requiring ethics committee approval in our journal include the following:
• All research conducted using qualitative or quantitative approaches that involve collecting data from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus group studies, observation, experiments, and discussion techniques.
• Studies in which humans and animals (including materials or data) are used for experimental or other scientific purposes.
• Clinical research conducted on humans.
• Scientific research conducted on animals.
• Retrospective studies within the framework of the Personal Data Protection Law.
For such studies to be considered for evaluation, the relevant ethics committee approvals must have been obtained and these approvals must be clearly stated in the article text.

APA WRITING RULES AND REFERENCING METHOD

In-text citations to authors

Single author:
According to Baysal (1982)
(Baysal, 1982, p. 26)

Two authors:
According to Wegener and Petty (1994) (...)
(Wegener and Petty, 1994, p.26)

Three to five authors:
When citing for the first time, list all authors' names;
(Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, and Harlow, 1993)
In subsequent citations, only the first author's name is given, followed by “et al.”
(Kernis et al., 1993, p. 42)

For texts with six or more authors, only the first author's name is used, followed by “et al.”:
As stated by Harris et al. (2001) (...)
According to Harris et al. (2001) (...)
(Harris et al., 2001, p. 112)

When the author's name is unknown or not specified, the first or two words in the text should be used in parentheses and quotation marks:
Politicians and bureaucrats have stated that the results are unacceptable and scandalous (“Die Pisa-Analyse,” 2001).

If the author is an organization or government agency, cite it as in the first reference; if it is a well-known institution, use its abbreviation in subsequent references:
According to the American Psychological Association (2000).
First reference: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000, p.65)
Second citation: (MADD, 2000, p.65)

When citing multiple works in the same parentheses, they should be listed in alphabetical order and separated by a semicolon:
(Akar, H. 2010, p.65; Çalışkan, 2008, p.65; Dinçer and Kolaşin, 2009, p.65; Engin-Demir, 2009, p.65; Tunç, 2007, p.65)

For authors with the same last name, the first letter of the first name is also used to avoid confusion:
(E. Johnson, 2001, p.65; L. Johnson, 1998, p.65)

When referring to two or more works by the same author published in the same year, the letters (a, b, c) are used after the year:
According to Berndt (1981a)'s study (...)

Interviews, letters, and emails obtained through personal communication must include the name of the person with whom personal communication was established and the date of the communication. However, data obtained through personal communication should not be added to the bibliography:
(N. AlSayyad, personal communication, March 25, 2012)
N. AlSayyad globalization and neoliberalism (...) (Personal communication, March 25, 2012)

Footnotes and endnotes
In APA style, the use of footnotes and endnotes is not preferred. Therefore, footnotes should be used as little as possible. Footnotes should only be used when a very essential explanatory note is required.

Important note:
APA recommends using “&” instead of “and” in citations and references. However, since the “&” symbol is not used instead of ‘ve’ in Turkish, the “&” symbol should not be used when citing and writing references in Turkish texts.
In addition, when citing texts with more than three authors, APA recommends using “et al.” (Kernis et al., 1993, p.65). However, in Turkish, “et al.” should be replaced with “vd.” (Kernis vd., 1993, p.65).
Nevertheless, if the work submitted to the İdealkent journal for evaluation is prepared in English, the “&” symbol and “et al.” should be used in these texts in accordance with APA standards for citations and references, instead of “and.”

Reference Writing

Basic Principles:

Single author:
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.

Two authors:
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management between emotional states: The hedonic probability hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.

Three to seven authors:
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). Self-esteem is more than high or low: The importance of self-esteem stability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

If there are more than seven authors, list the first six authors followed by an ellipsis and the last author's name. There should not be more than seven names:
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009). Website usability for blind and visually impaired users. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.

When the author is an organization:
American Psychological Association. (2003).

When the author is unknown:
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

When two or more works by the same author are used; sources should be listed in chronological order:
Berndt, T. J. (1981).
Berndt, T. J. (1999).

If the author is the sole author of one work and a co-author of another, the sole-authored work should be listed first:
Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends' influence on students' adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28.
Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66, 1312-1329.

If an author has published works with different authors, the order is alphabetical based on the second or subsequent name:
Wegener, D. T., Kerr, N. L., Fleming, M. A., & Petty, R. E. (2000). Flexible adjustments of jury verdicts: Implications for jury instructions. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 629-654.
Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E., and Klein, D. J. (1994). The effects of mood on high-detail attitude change: The mediating role of probability judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 25-43.

If an author has two or more works published in the same year, letters such as (a, b, c) are used:
Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age-related and time-related changes in prosocial intentions and behaviors among friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416.
Berndt, T. J. (1981b). The effects of friendship on prosocial intentions and behaviors. Child Development, 52, 636-643.

Introductions, prefaces, and afterwords are cited like a book chapter:
Kumar, R., & Hill, D. (2009). Introduction: Neoliberal Capitalism and Education. In D. Hill & R. Kumar (Eds.), Global Neoliberalism and Education and its Consequences (pp. 1-11). New York: Routledge.

Journals and periodicals:

Basic Format:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (Year). Article title. Journal title, vol. No (issue no), page/s. doi:http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy

Articles in journals with only volumes:
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

In journals with both issue and volume numbers:
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.

Articles in journals:
Henry, W. A. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Newspaper articles (print):
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

Letter to the editor:
Moller, G. (2002, August). Ripples versus rumbles [Letter to the editor]. Scientific American, 287(2), 12.

Book review:
Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Book review The self-knower: A hero under control, by R. A. Wicklund and M. Eckert]. Contemporary Psychology, 38, 466-467.

Citation format for books:

Basic format:
Author, A. A. (Publication year). Title of work. Place: Publisher.
Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused: computers in the classrooms. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Compiled book:
Duncan, G. J. and Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

Compiled book; if the author(s) are known (or if the writings of one person have been compiled):
Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

Translation:
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F. W. Truscott and F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published in 1814).

Important note:
When citing a reprinted work, both dates should be given: Laplace (1814/1951).

If editions other than the first edition are used:
Helfer, M. E., Kempe, R. S., & Krugman, R. D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

A chapter or article in an edited book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Publication year). Chapter/article title. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Book title (page numbers). Place: Publisher.
O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: A metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer.

Multi-volume work:
Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vol. 1-4). New York, NY: Scribner's.

Encyclopedia entry:
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica. (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Published thesis:
Last name, F. N. (Year). Thesis title. (Doctoral dissertation). Name of database accessed. (Access or Serial Number)

Unpublished thesis:
Last name, F. N. (Year). Title of doctoral thesis. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Institution name, Location.
Köprülü, D. (1994). A study on the use of book collections in university libraries. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara.

Government documents:
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Articles in online periodicals:
Author, A. A. and Author, B. B. (publication year). Article title. Name of Online Journal, vol. no. (issue no., if applicable) (...) Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ on
Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

Citing articles and DOIs in online scientific periodicals:

Online journal articles with defined DOIs:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume no, page/s. doi:0000000/000000000000 or http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000
Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Wooldridge, M.B., & Shapka, J. (2012). Playing with technology: Mother-toddler interaction scores lower during play with electronic toys. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33(5), 211-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012.05.005 

Citing articles in online periodicals without a DOI:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (publication date). Article title. Journal title, vol. no. Retrieved from http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/.
Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html.

Online newspaper article:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper Title.
Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/.
Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com.

E-books:
De Huff, E. W. (n.d.). Taytay’s tales: Traditional Pueblo Indian tales. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/taytay.html.
Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of the Northwest. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=1-9780931686108-0.

Qualitative data and online interviews:
If an audio or written version of the interview is not available, only a reference is made in the text, specifying the month, day, and year; it is not added to the bibliography. If an audio or written version is available online, it is indicated in parentheses ([Interview transcript] or [audio file of interview]); it appears in the bibliography as follows:
Butler, C. (Interviewer) & Stevenson, R. (Interviewee). (1999). Oral History 2 [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from Johnson Space Center Oral Histories Project Web site: January 15, 2012, from http://www11.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/oral_histories.htm.

Interview published in a printed source:
Çelik, Z. (Interviewer) & AlSayyad, N. (Interviewee). (2012). On neoliberalism and urban inequalities [Interview transcript]. İdealKent. (7), 10-20.

Online lecture notes and presentation slides:
Hallam, A. Duality in consumer theory [PDF document]. Lecture Notes Online website: Accessed January 15, 2012, from http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ501/Hallam/.
index.html.
Roberts, K. F. (1998). Federal regulations of chemicals in the environment [PowerPoint slide]. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/40hrenv/index.html.

Non-periodical web document, page, or report:
The basic principle in such cases is to find and use the name of the file or work owner.
Author, A. A. (publication date). File name. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://Web address.
Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (May 5, 2010). General format. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/.