Research Articles
Aim & Scope
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies [JOCS], presents a scientific inventory of the interaction studies between the individuals and societies in the Ottoman State. Its scope is to publish authentic studies about Ottoman Empire societies and cultures, which are written by social scientists who are related to anthropology, sociology, history, and political sciences. The journal focuses on problems and possibilities, the past and the future. The comparisons are made, as far as possible, between the cultures and societies. Articles must be predicated on authentic research and analysis.
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies [JOCS], adopted as a principle to publishing in the fields that are related to Ottoman History and Ottoman Civilization and concerning the entire Ottoman geography.
JOCS organizes or supports in-country or abroad academic conferences, symposiums, workshops, etc. It includes the full versions of the proclamations that are submitted in these studies, only if it is not published elsewhere.
The journal presents a scholarly account of studies of individuals and societies in Ottoman Cvilization. Its scope is to publish original research by social scientists in the area of anthropology, sociology, history, political science and related social sciences about Ottoman Empire societies and cultures and their relationships. The journal focuses on problems and possibilities, past and future. Where possible, comparisons are made between cultures and societies. Articles should be based on original research and can be co-authored.
Writing Rules
All first time users: Please click on the "Register Now" button in the login section above and enter the requested information. When you register, you must select e-mail as your preferred method of contact. Upon successful registration, you will receive an e-mail message containing your username and password. Should you have any difficulties registering, please contact the editorial office.
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Authors: Please enter your username and password into the designated fields above and log into the system as an "Author." Submit your manuscript and/or track its progress through the system. For detailed guidelines of the manuscript submission process, please download the Author's Manual.
Reviewers: Please enter your access codes into the login frame above and log into the system as a "Reviewer." You may view and/or download manuscripts assigned to you for review and submit your comments for the editor. For further information please download the Reviewer's Manual.
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The author(s) are responsible for the ideas and viewpoints that are stated in the scientific articles and published in The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies [JOCS]. The articles that are sent to be published are sent to at least two referees that are experts in their fields using the two-sided blind referee principle. In the case of one of the referee's negative assessments, the text is sent to a third referee. The last is decision is made by the journal advice and publication board. In order for the execution of the two-sided blind referee method, the authors need to don't consist any information in their text that shows their identity information before adding their texts to the system. Author information will be added later on by the editors in the step of correction.
The articles are only submitted by the open journal system.
Authors should upload their articles to the system after they write or edit their writings according to the journal article template.
*Cases such as name similarities, surname changes, names that consist of Turkish letters, different spellings, and institution changes may create problems in publication/citation searches that are made by the name of the author. This is why it is important for researchers to obtain their depict or identity/number (ID). For this reason, it is required for all of our writers to register for ORCID. It is recommended that our authors should request their ORCID information and include this information in journals/articles since ORCID is going to be used to ensure standardization and in the joint studies that are going to be carried out with YOK.
*ORCID is the abbreviation of Open Researcher and Contributor ID. ORCID is a 16- digit, numbered URI that is compatible with the ISO Standard (27729), which is known as International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI).
You can create a free registration for an individual ORCID at http://orcid.org .
* Authors should upload their articles to the system after they write or edit their writings according to the journal article template.
It is expected from the studies that are sent to the journal to be in the word range of 5.000-12.000. Book and other promotions should not pass 1.500 words.
The articles that are uploaded to the system by the authors are reviewed by the editorial board and then decided if it is going to be taken into the assessment or not.
Every article that is submitted to the Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies is checked by the editors in terms of their resemblance and plagiarism, with the usage of similarity programs such as iThenticate, Turnitin, and İntihal. Articles with more than %25 plagiarism are returned to the author without it being taken to the assessment process. If the resemblance is not apparent in the articles or other works to the degree of %25 and above, the studies are sent to the two referees who are experts in the field. In the case of the positive report that is received by referees, the article is published. In the case of one of the referees' negative reports, depending on the content of the report, if it is seen as necessary by the editor, the article is sent to a third referee. If the third referee's report is positive, the article is published, in any other case, it is not published. If the article is not assessed within the time that is given to the referee, the article is sent to another referee.
Text
1.The journal text should be written in Times New Roman type font, with 12 font size, with a 2,5 cm gap from all of the edges, with only one column, with 1 line gap, and in the size of A4.
2.Paragraphs should start with 1 indentation, there should be no gap between paragraphs.
3.In the point where stress is needed within the text, it should be done with italics.
4.Before and after the paragraphs, there should be 6 pt gaps.
5.There should be no information about the author within the text.
6. It is expected from the studies that are sent to the journal to be in the word range of 5.000-12.000. Book and other promotions should not pass 1.500 words.
The Article Title
1.The article title should define the subject of the article, its field, and the limits of its problems clearly.
2.The title should be written in bold, centered, with the expectation of its conjunctions in upper case in its first letters, and in 12 font size (Times New Roman).
Abstract/Keywords
1.At the beginning of every article, there should be a Turkish and English abstract.
2.The abstract should contain the purpose of the article, its important findings, and conclusions.
3.The abstract should be justified[150-200 words] and written in a manner that does not pass the 200 words.
4.The abstract and keywords should be written in Times New Roman font type, 10 font size, and with single line spacing.
5.In the bottom of the abstract, there should be a minimum of 3, and a maximum of 5 keywords that describe the content of the article.
Title and Sub-titles
1.All titles should be written in Times New Roman font style, with 12 font sizes.
2.In the section titles, the first letters of the words should be upper case, while the others should be lower case, with centered and bold letters.
3.In the section of sub-titles, the first letters of the words should be upper case, while the others should be lower case, with left centered and bold.
4.In the level third or fourth titles, the first letters of the words should be upper case, while the others should be lower case using the paragraph title.
The Display of Table and Figure/Visual
1.Tables and figures should be prepared to be published and should be used when it is indicated in the text.
2.Tables and the titles of the tables should use Times New Roman, with 10 font sizes, and with single line spacing.
3.In the title of the tables, the first letter of every word should be upper case.
4.The texts in the table should be in single line spacing, with a gap of 0 pt before and after, and should be written in without adding spaces between the paragraphs of the same style.
5.There should be no vertical lines in the table.
6.The width of the lines within the table should be measured according to a width of 1 / 2 pt.
7.Before and after the table, there should be a 12 pt gap.
8.In the display of the title of the table and the number of the table, the number of the table should be bol and left center, and the title of the table should be the normal and left center. E.g.; Table 1.The Informations About the Gender of the Participants
9.In the display of the titles of the figures and visuals, the number of the figure/visual should be bold and centered, and the title of the figure/visual should be normal and centered. E.g.; Figure 1. Turkey Cities Map
CHICAGO FOOTNOTE-REFERENCE SYSTEM
CHICAGO NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY STYLE
Presidential Ottoman Archive [BOA]
BOA, BEO, 1655/124078; 3549/266169; 4174/313019; 4181/313547.
BOA, DH.EUM.4.Şb, 8/20.
BOA, DH.EUM.KLU, 9/12.
Single author book:
In footnote:
Name Surname, Work Name (The work's publication place/city: The establishment that published it, Publication year), page number.
Erol Köroğlu, Türk Edebiyatı ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı, 1914-1918: PropagandadanMilli Kimlik İnşasına (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2004), 35.
In reference:
Surname, Name, Work name. The work's publication place/city: The establishment that published it, Publication date.
In reference:
Köroğlu, Erol. Türk Edebiyatı ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı, 1914-1918: Propagandadan Milli Kimlik İnşasına. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2004.
Two Authors Book:
In footnote:
İnci Enginün ve Zeynep Kerman, Bütün Eserleri/Ahmet Haşim (İstanbul: Dergah Yayınları,1991), 25-28.
In reference:
Enginün, İnci ve Zeynep Kerman. Bütün Eserleri/Ahmet Haşim. İstanbul: Dergah Yayınları, 1991.
Three Authors Book:
In footnote:
İrfan Dağdelen, Hüseyin Türkmen ve Nergis Ulu, Türk Kütüphaneciliğinden İzdişümler: Nail Bayraktara Armağan (İstanbul: Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı - Kültürel ve Sosyal İşler Daire Başkanlığı - Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü, 2005 ).
In reference:
Dağdelen, İrfan, Hüseyin Türkmen ve Nergis Ulu. Türk Kütüphaneciliğinden İzdişümler: Nail Bayraktara Armağan. İstanbul: Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı, Kültürel ve Sosyal İşler Daire Başkanlığı, Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü, 2005.
Four or More Authors Book:
In reference:
Günay Kut vd., Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Astronomi Astroloji Matematik Yazmaları Kataloğu: Kandilli Rasathanesi El Yazmaları (İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 2007), 104.
In reference:
Kut, Günay, Hatice Aynur, Cumhure Üçer ve Fatma Büyükkarcı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Astronomi Astroloji Matematik Yazmaları Kataloğu: Kandilli Rasathanesi El Yazmaları. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 2007.
Book That has a Person That Prepared the Book for the Publication with the Author:
In footnote:
Ahmet Mithat, Ahbar-ı Âsara Tamim- Enzar: (1307-1890) Edebi Eserlere Genel Bir Bakış, haz., Nüket Esen (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınevi, 2003). 46.
In reference:
Ahmet Mithat. Ahbar-ı Âsara Tamim-i Enzar: (1307-1890) Edebi Eserlere Genel BirBakış. Haz., Nüket Esen. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınevi, 2003. (If the author's surname is apparent it is written before.)
Book That has a Translator with the Author:
In footnote:
Norman Hampson, Aydınlanma Çağı, çev., Jale Parla (İstanbul: Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1991), 150.
In reference:
Hampson, Norman. Aydınlanma Çağı. Çev., Jale Parla. İstanbul: Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1991.
If its author or who was it prepared by is not apparent, the name of the person who prepared it or the translator's name is written before the work's name in the footnote or reference part according to its style, and then it is written such as haz.,/Haz., or çev.,/Çev.
Example:
In footnote:
Özdemir Nutku, çev., Romeo ve Juliet (İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1984), 25.
In reference:
Nutku, Özdemir, Çev. Romeo ve Juliet. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1984.
A Part From the Book:
In footnote:
Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, “Bölüm 22,” Aşk-ı Memnu, 8. bs., haz., Muharrem Kaya ve Rahim Tarım (İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları, 2007), 43.
In reference:
Uşaklıgil, Halid Ziya. “Bölüm 22.” Aşk-ı Memnu, 8. bs., Muharrem Kaya ve Rahim Tarım. İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları, 2007.
Printed Article:
In footnote:
Köksal Seyhan, “Yunus Emre’nin Bir Şiirinde Şehir Alegorisi,” Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları Journal of Turkish Studies 24/II (2000): 240.
In reference:
Seyhan, Köksal. “Yunus Emre’nin Bir Şiirinde Şehir Alegorisi.” Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları Journal of Turkish Studies 24/II (2000): 231 - 280.
Electronic Article:
In footnote:
Nezihe Seyhan, "Resurrection Day in Divan Literature," Literature & Theology: An International Journal of Religion, Theory, and Culture, 18:1 (2004 Mar), 64. (erişim 12.08.2009)
In reference:
Seyhan, Nezihe. "Resurrection Day in Divan Literature." Literature & Theology: An International Journal of Religion, Theory, and Culture. 18:1 (2004 Mar), 62-76. (erişim 12.08.2009)
Encyclopedia Matter:
In footnote:
Osman Eskicioğlu, “Fakir”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, XII (İstanbul 1995), s. 129.
In reference:
Eskicioğlu, Osman. “Fakir”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, XII (İstanbul 1995), ss. 129-131.
Web Page:
In footnote:
“Google Gizlilik Politikası,” son güncelleme 19 Ağustos, 2015, https://www.google.com/intl/tr_tr/policies/privacy/.
In reference:
Google. “Google Gizlilik Politikası”. Son güncelleme 19 Ağustos, 2015. https://www.google.com/intl/tr_tr/policies/privacy/.
In footnote:
“McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, erişim 19 Temmuz, 2008, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
In reference:
McDonald’s Corporation. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” Erişim 19 Temmuz, 2008. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
Thesis:
In footnote:
Zeynep Sabuncu, “Mihr ü Mah: A Mathnawi of Mustafa Âli” (yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 1983), 112.
In reference:
Sabuncu, Zeynep. “Mihr ü Mah: A Mathnawi of Mustafa Âli.” Yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 1983.
Unpublished Conference:
In footnote:
Mustafa Akdağ ve Hidayet Tok, “Geleneksel Öğretim ile Power Point Destekli Öğretimin Öğrenci Erişisine Etkisi” (XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı’ında Sunulan Bildiri, İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, Malatya, Temmuz 06-09, 2004).
In reference:
Akdağ, Mustafa ve Hidayet Tok. “Geleneksel Öğretim ile Power Point Destekli Öğretimin Öğrenci Erişisine Etkisi” XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı’ında Sunulan Bildiri, İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, Malatya, Temmuz 06-09, 2004.
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies (Publication Ethical Principles)
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies has adopted as a principle to make publications in accordance with the universal publication rules.
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies is a peer-reviewed journal. In the studies that are prepared in the framework of scientific rules, all of the components of the publication process, publisher, editors, authors, and readers should comply with the ethical principles. The publication ethics and open-access policy of the Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies require all components of the publication process to comply with the ethical principles in the accordance with the open-accessed guides and policies that the Committee of Publication Ethics (COPE) published.
In the case of the detection of situations such as, the data that is used in the articles are manipulated, distorted, and fabricated, this situation will be reported through an official channel to the corporate that the article author works and the article will be rejected. Our journal has a right to request output files from the authors in relation to the assessments that are given by the editor(s) and/or by the referees.
The Ethical Responsibilities of The Publisher
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies is a nonprofit publication establishment.
The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies is publishing since 2014 in the framework of universal rules.
The Editors Council of the Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies consists of experts in their fields, up country or abroad. Members of the Editorial Council are formed by experts in the fields of Ottoman History and Ottoman Culture and Civilization. Editor, depending on the subject of the article, can send an article to the faculty members that are not a member of the Editors Council in order for them to analyze as field editors when it is necessary.
The Responsibilities of the Editors Council of The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies
• The Editors Council of the Journal is responsible for all of the articles that are submitted to The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies, in fact, from all of the processes after its publication and the editors' council is aware of this responsibility. This responsibility requires independent decision-making from all personal gain and only thinking about public welfare in the decisions that are being made about the journal. The relationship between the publisher and the Editors Council is based on the independence principle, all of the decisions that are going to be taken by the editors are independent of the publisher and the other person and establishments.
• The Editors Council of The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies is in an effort to always develop the journal and elevate the publication quality.
• The Editors Council of The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies ensures the determination and implementation of the journal policies such as publication, blind review, the assessment process, ethical principles, etc.
• The Editors Council of The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies protects the copyright of the article author that has been published in the journal.
• The Editors Council of the Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies is responsible for taking precautions in relation to the situations such as intellectual property rights, non-scientific-ethical behaviors, plagiarism, and reference (attribution) gangsterism in the process of article and journal publication process.
• The Editors Council of the Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies keeps records of every article, and correspondence about the journal, written or printed, through Dergipark and its own means.
The Ethical Responsibilities of the Editors, Editors Facilitators and Field Editors
• Editors make effort to compensate for the information needs of the referees, author(s), researchers, and readers, give feedback when it is necessary, make corrections in the publishing process and behave accordingly to the principle of clarity in subjects where an explanation is a need.
• Editors are attentive to the authenticity of the article, and its contributions to the scientific literature, reader, researcher, and operators while deciding on the publication of the articles.
• Editors consider the authentic value of the article, its contribution to the field, the validity and trustworthiness of its research method, the clarity of its verbalism, and the purpose and extent of the journal while making a positive or negative decision about the article.
• Editors, if the submitted articles do not have a significant issue, consider the articles in the pre-evaluation stage, be attentive to the positive referee suggestions, and if it does not have a serious problem won't change the decisions that were taken by the previous editor(s).
• Editors perform the blind review and evaluation process policies which is present in the journal's publication policies, keep the referees' identity information classified, and make sure that every article is assessed in a non-biased way and assessed within its time.
• Editors send the articles by being attentive to the professionality of the field editors and referees and they support the evaluations to be made non-biased and independent.
• Editors, in order for a non-biased evaluation of the article, consider the conflict of interest-unity of interest between the referees and author(s).
• Editors are in the search of the creation of a wide range of referees, that are in a state of constant update.
• Editors block evaluations that are not aligned with academic etiquette and are non-scientific.
• Editors make sure that journal publication processes are aligned with publishing policies and guides, inform those whore are involved in the process about the developments of the publishing policies and prepare a training program if it is necessary.
• Editors are in effective communication with everyone who is involved in the publication process and organize meetings periodically.
• Editors make sure that the personal data are protected in the evaluated journals; they protect the personal data of the author, referee, and readers.
• Editors; are attentive to the protection of the rights of humans and animals in the article, they care about the documentation of the open confirmation of the article's participants, if the ethical council approval about the journal's participants shows that they are not allowed in experimental researches, they reject the article.
• Editors take precautions for malpractice. If it is suspected that malpractice may be the case, they share the data about the subject through an objective investigation.
• Editors make sure that the error, desultoriness, or misleadings in the articles are corrected.
• Editors protect the intellectual property right of the published articles, and in the case of its breach, they defend the rights of the journal and the author(s). Also, they take necessary precautions about the articles' contents in terms of whether it is breaching other publications' intellectual property rights or not; they make the originality-similarity audit.
• Editors are attentive to the critics that are intended for articles that are published in the Journal, they give a right to respond to the author(s) of the criticized articles.
• Editors consider the works that contain negative outcomes as well.
• Editors analyze the remonstrances that are related to the Journal and make the necessary explanations.
The Ethical Responsibilities of the Referees
In the article evaluation process of The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies, it is applied a two side blind referee principle where the author(s) don't know the referees, and the referees don't know the authors, the referees can't communicate directly with the authors; the article evaluation forms and the wish the correct which is specified on the text is conveyed to the author(s) through journal administration system by the editors. The referees that are going to evaluate the articles that are submitted to The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies should carry these ethical responsibilities:
• Referees should only accept to evaluate the articles that are related to their specialty.
• Referees should do the evaluation in a non-biased and confidential way. Duly by this principle, they should dispel the articles they analyze after the evaluation process, but use them after it is published. Nationality, gender, religious belief, political belief, and commercial concerns should not corrupt the evaluation's neutrality.
• When referees understand a situation of conflict of interest-unity of interest, they should deny to evaluate the article and inform the editors.
• Referees should do the evaluation in alliance with academic etiquette, by using constructive language; and should avoid personal commentaries that involve defamation and enmity.
• Referees should evaluate the article that they accepted to evaluate within the given time.
The Ethical Responsibilities of the Authors
The ethical responsibilities of the author(s)'s that submitted an article to The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies:
• Author(s), should not submit an article that they published or submitted to be published in another place, they should not submit more than one article of their own at the same time to The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies.
• Author(s) should submit authentic articles to The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies.
• Author(s) should do attribution (reference) to the resources that they benefitted from while writing the article, in a correct way and in alliance with the ethical principles.
• The people that did not contribute to the article should not be written as an author, and in an article that is submitted to be published, the processes of changing the apposition of the author of the article, omitting an author, and supplementing an author are should not be suggested.
• They should inform the editors about the people that are in conflict of interest-unity of interest in an article that is submitted to be published.
• If information or crude data is requested from the author(s) related to their articles during the evaluation process, they should present the expected information to the Editors.
• Author(s) should document the verification of the right of use of the data they used in their articles, the allowances related to research-analysis, or the confirmation of the participants that they researched.
• Author(s) should communicate with the editor when they realized an error in the article that is in the process of evaluation or early appearance or their article that is published in a digital setting, for them to inform, correct, or retract.
• The author(s) should obtain the ethics committee approval for studies that require data collection through quantitative or qualitative methods such as experiments, questionnaires, scales, interviews, observations, and focus group studies, which require an ethics committee decision; ethics committee name, decision date, and number should be stated on the first and last page of the article and in the method section, and the document showing the ethics committee decision should be uploaded to the system with the application of the article. In addition, the article should include information about obtaining the informed approval/consent form in the case reports.
• The author(s) should present evidence within the article that is related to them being attentive to the ethical principles in the process of data gathering (for example, getting approval from someone to use their documents such as scale, survey, and photograph). In the article, it should be stated that the article is in alliance with the regulation of research and publication ethics and copyright of intellectual and art products. If the research is conducted on human or animal subjects, it should be informed that the research is conducted in the alliance international notices and guides, etc.
• The ethical council approval is not requested from the author(s) for compliation articles. With that, in the articles that do not require an ethical council decision, the situation of the non-requested ethical council decision should also be included on the journal's first-last page and in the methods section.
Informing the Editor of the Situation That is Not Complying with the Ethical Principles
In The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies, unethical behavior that is related to the editors, referees, and authors or in the case of encountering a non-ethical situation relating to an article that is in the process of evaluation, early appearance stage, or a published one, its intimation to the ijoses@hotmail.com address through a message will enrich our publication quality.
The resources that are used in the process of preparation and the adaptation of the policies:
Budapeşte Açık Erişim Bildirgesi
ICMJE (International Committee Of Medical Journal Editors)
Creative Commons
COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics)
DOAJ Principles Of Transparency And Best Practice In Scholarly Publishing
YÖK Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi
P.S.: While the Publication Policies (Publication Ethical Principles) of The Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies were in preparation, it benefitted from the Ankara University Faculty of the Educational Sciences' publication processes page in terms of content and form. See https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/auebfd/policy
Price Policy
For the authors that submitted an article to the Journal of Ottoman Civilization Studies, in line with the Interuniversity Council Associate Professorship Criteria Frequently Asked Questions 44th Amendment, the wages are charged after the article submission. In order to the start of evaluation processes' of the articles that are sent to the journal, a participation fee is requested for a contribution to the digital print, typesetting transactions, journal employee fee, and other transactions. This fee is collected unrelatedly to the condition of the article's approval/rejection.
Indexes
SCOPUS, TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR DİZİN [SBVT]
INDEX COPERNİCUS [ICI], ISAM, SOBIAD and Scilit.
Unless otherwise stated, the articles published in our magazine are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. All authors and translators who submit texts for publication in the journal are expected to be the sole copyright holders of the submitted text or to have obtained the necessary permissions. By submitting texts to the journal, authors and translators implicitly accept that these texts will be licensed under CC BY 4.0 unless explicitly stated otherwise to the editors at the outset.