Development of the School Communication Scale

Ercan Yılmaz; Seda Karadeniz

doi:10.54535/rep.1916759

Development of the School Communication Scale

Abstract

Effective communication plays a vital role in aligning school goals and maintaining efficient operations in educational settings. This study focused on developing and validating the School Communication Scale (SCS), a brief, theory-based tool designed to assess teachers’ perceptions of school communication across three dimensions: Function, Process, and Attitude. The development process involved generating items, obtaining expert feedback, conducting a pilot study, and performing psychometric analyses. The scale was administered to 613 teachers from primary, secondary, and high schools in Konya, Turkey. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a three-factor structure explaining 46.395% of the variance, with factor loadings between 0.429 and 0.866. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed excellent model fit (x²/df=1.522; GFI=.967; CFI=.971; IFI=.972; NFI=.921; RMSEA=.034). Reliability results indicated strong internal consistency for both the overall scale and its subdimensions (Total: Cronbach’s α=.794; McDonald’s ω=.797; Function: Cronbach’s α=.761, McDonald’s ω=.765; Process: Cronbach’s α=.701, McDonald’s ω=.706; Manner: Cronbach’s α=.762, McDonald’s ω=.765), while test–retest findings (Total: .980; Function: .947; Process: .990; Manner: .871; p<.01) confirmed stability over time. Criterion validity was supported by a strong positive correlation (r=.785; p<.01) with the Organizational Communication Climate Scale. Overall, the SCS is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating teachers’ perceptions of school communication, offering both researchers and practitioners a practical means to examine and enhance communication processes in schools. The SCS, also, offers school leaders a practical tool to identify communication strengths to improve collaboration between internal stakeholders of schools.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Scale Development

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ercan Yılmaz
0000-0003-4702-1688
Türkiye

Seda Karadeniz ^*
0000-0001-5220-0854
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 10, 2026

Submission Date

March 26, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1916759

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA46GB55AZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yılmaz, E., & Karadeniz, S. (2026). Development of the School Communication Scale. Research on Education and Psychology, 10, 166-188. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1916759

AMA

1.Yılmaz E, Karadeniz S. Development of the School Communication Scale. Research on Education and Psychology. 2026;10:166-188. doi:10.54535/rep.1916759

Chicago

Yılmaz, Ercan, and Seda Karadeniz. 2026. “Development of the School Communication Scale”. Research on Education and Psychology 10 (June): 166-88. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1916759.

EndNote

Yılmaz E, Karadeniz S (June 1, 2026) Development of the School Communication Scale. Research on Education and Psychology 10 166–188.

IEEE

[1]E. Yılmaz and S. Karadeniz, “Development of the School Communication Scale”, Research on Education and Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 166–188, June 2026, doi: 10.54535/rep.1916759.

ISNAD

Yılmaz, Ercan - Karadeniz, Seda. “Development of the School Communication Scale”. Research on Education and Psychology 10 (June 1, 2026): 166-188. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1916759.

JAMA

1.Yılmaz E, Karadeniz S. Development of the School Communication Scale. Research on Education and Psychology. 2026;10:166–188.

MLA

Yılmaz, Ercan, and Seda Karadeniz. “Development of the School Communication Scale”. Research on Education and Psychology, vol. 10, June 2026, pp. 166-88, doi:10.54535/rep.1916759.

Vancouver

1.Ercan Yılmaz, Seda Karadeniz. Development of the School Communication Scale. Research on Education and Psychology. 2026 Jun. 1;10:166-88. doi:10.54535/rep.1916759