Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

EN GÜVENİLİR KAYNAK HANGİSİ? OSMANLI-SAFEVİ İLİŞKİLERİNDE OSMANLI, FARS VE AVRUPA KAYNAKLARININ MUKAYESESİ

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 154 - 167, 27.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.412450

Abstract




















Bu çalışmada tarih yazımında
kullanılan birincil kaynakların verdiği bilgiler itibariyle güvenilirliği
meselesi Osmanlı-Safevi ilişkileri üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Genellikle
Osmanlı tarihçileri Osmanlı birincil kaynaklarına daha fazla güvenmekte ve Safevi-Fars
kaynaklarının aktardıklarına daha şüphe ile yaklaşmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada
Osmanlı-Safevi diplomatik ilişkilerinin en yoğun olduğu dönemlerden biri olan
1555 Amasya Muahedesi öncesi gelişmeleri Osmanlı ve Fars kaynaklarına ilaveten
Avrupa kaynaklarını da mukayese ettim. Osmanlı tarihçilerinin anlatısına şüphe
duymadan dayandığı Celâlzâde’nin nasıl gerçekliği manipüle ettiği ve Fars
kaynakları ile Avrupa kaynaklarının Celâlzâde’nin söylediğinin tersine aynı noktalarda
nasıl uzlaştığını göstermeye çalıştım. Dolayısıyla, tarihçilik açısından
birincil kaynaklar arasında güvenilirlik açısından bir hiyerarşi olmadığı gibi
her kaynağı yazarı kim olursa olsun aynı eleştirel sürece tabi tutarak
yaklaşmak gerektiği sonucuna ulaştım.

References

  • Afyoncu, Erhan, ed. (2012). Venedik Elçilerinin Raporlarına Göre Kanunî ve Şehzade Mustafa. Translated by Pınar Gökpar and Ercolino. İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınevi.
  • Atçıl, Zahit. (2015). “State and Government in the Sixteenth Century Ottoman Empire: The Grand Vizierates of Rustem Pasha (1544-1561).” Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of Chicago.
  • Brosset, M., çev. (1830). Chronique Géorgienne. Paris: Société royale asiatique de France.
  • Būdāq Munshī Qazvīnī. (2000). Javāhir al-akhbār: bakhsh-i tārīkh-i Īrān az Qarāqūyūnlū tā sāl-i 984 H.Q. Tehran: Āyene-ye Mīrās̲.
  • Celâlzâde, Mustafa Çelebi. (1981). Geschichte Sultan Süleymān Ḳānūnīs von 1520 bis 1557, oder, Ṭabaḳāt ül-Memālik ve Derecāt ül-Mesālik. ed. Petra Kappert. Wiesbaden: Steiner.
  • Charrière, Ernest. (1848). Négociations de la France dans le Levant. 4 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Eskandar Beg, Munshī. (1978). The history of Shah ʻAbbas the Great = Tārīk̲-e ʻālamārā-ye ʻAbbāsī. Translated by Roger Savory. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Ghaffārī Qazvīnī, Qāzī Aḥmad. (1343/1964) Tārīkh-i jahān-ārā: bā muqābalah-i chandīn nuskhah-i muʻtabar-i qadīmī va nuskhah-i muḥashshá ʻallāmah Qazvīnī. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī-i Ḥāfiẓ.
  • Ḥasan Rūmlū. (1931). A Chronicle of the Early Ṣafawīs Being the Aḥsanu’t-Tawārīkh. Ed. C.N. Seddon. Baroda: Oriental Institute.
  • Horn, Paul. (1890). “Die Denkwürdigkeiten des Šah Tahmasb I von Persien.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gessellschaft 44: 563–549.
  • Kılıç, Remzi. (2006). Kânunî Devri Osmanlı-İran Münâsebetleri (1520-1566). İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Kırzıoğlu, M. Fahrettin. (1976). Osmanlılar’ın Kafkas-Elleri’ni Fethi (1451-1590). Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
  • Lütfi Paşa. (1341/1925). Tevârih-i Āl-i Osman. Istanbul: Matbaʻ-i Āmire.
  • Mitchell, Colin P. (2009). The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Mustafa Âlî. (2009). Künhü’l-Ahbâr: Dördüncü Rükn, Osmanli Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Navāʾī, ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn. (1350/1971). Shāh Ṭahmāsb Ṣafavī, majmūʻah-i asnād va makātabāt tārīkhī. Tehran: Intisharat-e Bunyad-e Ferhang-e Iran.
  • Anonim. (1840). “Relazione Anonima della Guerra di Persia dell’anno 1553 e di Molti Altri Particolari.” Relazioni degli Ambasciatori Veneti al Senato, 193–269. III, v.1. Firenze: Tipografia e Calcografia all’Insegna di Clio.
  • Şahin, Kaya. (2013a). Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ———. (2013b) “Imperialism, Bureaucratic Consciousness, and the Historian’s Craft: A Reading of Celālzāde Mustafā’s Tabakātü’l-Memālik ve Derecātü’l-Mesālik.” Writing History at the Ottoman Court: Editing the Past, Fashioning the Future, edited by Hakkı Erdem
  • Çıpa and Emine Fetvacı, 39–57. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013.
  • Tardy, Lajos. (1971). “Rapports d‟Antal Verancsics, ambassadeurs du roi de Hongrie à Stamboul sur la Géorgie (1553-1557, 1567-1568).” Bedi Kartlisa. Revue de Kartvélologie XXVIII: 208–30.
  • Verancsics, Antal. (1857). Összes Munkái. Edited by Szalay László. Pest: Eggenberger Ferdinánd.
  • Yılmaz, Mehmet Şakir. (2006). “‘Koca Nişancı’ of Kanuni: Celālzāde Mustafa Çelebi, Bureaucracy and ‘Kanun’ in the Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent (1520–1566).” Ph.D. Dissertation, Bilkent University.

CONTENT ANALYSIS of the VIEWS of HISTORY DEPARTMENT STUDENTS on the IMPORTANCE of FAMILY HISTORY TEACHING

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 154 - 167, 27.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.412450

Abstract

This paper discusses the question of reliability addressed to the
primary sources in respect to the information they provide by taking as a case
Ottoman-Safavid relations. Modern Ottoman historians usually rely on Ottoman
primary sources and read the information given by the Safavid-Persian sources
with doubts. In this study, I compare and contrast Ottoman and Persian sources
as well as European sources by focusing on the background of the 1555 Amasya
Peace Agreement as one of the periods that Ottomans and Safavids had frequent
diplomatic relations. I try to show how Celâlzâde whose narrative has been
relied by the Ottoman historians absolutely manipulated the reality and how
Persian and European sources concur on certain details contrary to Celâlzâde’s
account. Therefore, I argue that there is no hierarchy among primary sources in
respect to reliability and one should approach each one of these sources
equally critically regardless of the identity of its author. 

References

  • Afyoncu, Erhan, ed. (2012). Venedik Elçilerinin Raporlarına Göre Kanunî ve Şehzade Mustafa. Translated by Pınar Gökpar and Ercolino. İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınevi.
  • Atçıl, Zahit. (2015). “State and Government in the Sixteenth Century Ottoman Empire: The Grand Vizierates of Rustem Pasha (1544-1561).” Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of Chicago.
  • Brosset, M., çev. (1830). Chronique Géorgienne. Paris: Société royale asiatique de France.
  • Būdāq Munshī Qazvīnī. (2000). Javāhir al-akhbār: bakhsh-i tārīkh-i Īrān az Qarāqūyūnlū tā sāl-i 984 H.Q. Tehran: Āyene-ye Mīrās̲.
  • Celâlzâde, Mustafa Çelebi. (1981). Geschichte Sultan Süleymān Ḳānūnīs von 1520 bis 1557, oder, Ṭabaḳāt ül-Memālik ve Derecāt ül-Mesālik. ed. Petra Kappert. Wiesbaden: Steiner.
  • Charrière, Ernest. (1848). Négociations de la France dans le Levant. 4 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Eskandar Beg, Munshī. (1978). The history of Shah ʻAbbas the Great = Tārīk̲-e ʻālamārā-ye ʻAbbāsī. Translated by Roger Savory. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Ghaffārī Qazvīnī, Qāzī Aḥmad. (1343/1964) Tārīkh-i jahān-ārā: bā muqābalah-i chandīn nuskhah-i muʻtabar-i qadīmī va nuskhah-i muḥashshá ʻallāmah Qazvīnī. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī-i Ḥāfiẓ.
  • Ḥasan Rūmlū. (1931). A Chronicle of the Early Ṣafawīs Being the Aḥsanu’t-Tawārīkh. Ed. C.N. Seddon. Baroda: Oriental Institute.
  • Horn, Paul. (1890). “Die Denkwürdigkeiten des Šah Tahmasb I von Persien.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gessellschaft 44: 563–549.
  • Kılıç, Remzi. (2006). Kânunî Devri Osmanlı-İran Münâsebetleri (1520-1566). İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Kırzıoğlu, M. Fahrettin. (1976). Osmanlılar’ın Kafkas-Elleri’ni Fethi (1451-1590). Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
  • Lütfi Paşa. (1341/1925). Tevârih-i Āl-i Osman. Istanbul: Matbaʻ-i Āmire.
  • Mitchell, Colin P. (2009). The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Mustafa Âlî. (2009). Künhü’l-Ahbâr: Dördüncü Rükn, Osmanli Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Navāʾī, ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn. (1350/1971). Shāh Ṭahmāsb Ṣafavī, majmūʻah-i asnād va makātabāt tārīkhī. Tehran: Intisharat-e Bunyad-e Ferhang-e Iran.
  • Anonim. (1840). “Relazione Anonima della Guerra di Persia dell’anno 1553 e di Molti Altri Particolari.” Relazioni degli Ambasciatori Veneti al Senato, 193–269. III, v.1. Firenze: Tipografia e Calcografia all’Insegna di Clio.
  • Şahin, Kaya. (2013a). Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ———. (2013b) “Imperialism, Bureaucratic Consciousness, and the Historian’s Craft: A Reading of Celālzāde Mustafā’s Tabakātü’l-Memālik ve Derecātü’l-Mesālik.” Writing History at the Ottoman Court: Editing the Past, Fashioning the Future, edited by Hakkı Erdem
  • Çıpa and Emine Fetvacı, 39–57. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013.
  • Tardy, Lajos. (1971). “Rapports d‟Antal Verancsics, ambassadeurs du roi de Hongrie à Stamboul sur la Géorgie (1553-1557, 1567-1568).” Bedi Kartlisa. Revue de Kartvélologie XXVIII: 208–30.
  • Verancsics, Antal. (1857). Összes Munkái. Edited by Szalay László. Pest: Eggenberger Ferdinánd.
  • Yılmaz, Mehmet Şakir. (2006). “‘Koca Nişancı’ of Kanuni: Celālzāde Mustafa Çelebi, Bureaucracy and ‘Kanun’ in the Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent (1520–1566).” Ph.D. Dissertation, Bilkent University.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research & Theoretical Articles
Authors

Zahit Atçıl 0000-0002-1505-7769

Publication Date April 27, 2018
Submission Date April 4, 2018
Acceptance Date April 23, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Atçıl, Z. (2018). EN GÜVENİLİR KAYNAK HANGİSİ? OSMANLI-SAFEVİ İLİŞKİLERİNDE OSMANLI, FARS VE AVRUPA KAYNAKLARININ MUKAYESESİ. Turkish History Education Journal, 7(1), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.412450



ANNOUNCEMENTS:

1- APA7 Referencing Style:

As of May 2024, TUHED will follow APA 7 (American Psychological Association) style for referencing and citation. For more information, please refer to the TUHED template and writting guidelines.

2- Early Release:

According to the TUHED's new publication policy, the articles which have completed the evaluation process will be published online-first. It will no longer be necessary for manuscripts to wait until the “next issue”. Early Release articles will receive an international identification code (DOI), and identified page numbers. 

3- Ethics Committee Approval:

In accordance with the ULAKBİM decision of 25 February 2020, Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained for studies on people (without age restrictions), this approval must be specified in the Method section of the article and signed Ethics Committee Approval must be uploaded to the system. Applications that do not meet these requirements will not be considered for publication.

4- New Publication Policy 

Beginning from Spring 2021 issue TUHED will require all Turkish manuscripts to contain a full-text English translation. Manuscripts submitted in Turkish will be requested to have full-text English translation if they are accepted for publication after the review process. 




10829

 Turkish History Education Journal site and its metadata are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Permissions beyond the scope of this license is available at COPYRIGHT