Articles submitted in English should be prepared using "Manuscript Template.".

PAGE FORMAT
The article text content must be in Calibri format, double spacing, 10-point font, whereas the headings must be in 12-point font.
Page setup in A4 size; 2.5 cm space should be given at the margins of pages.
It should be prepared as a single column.
The manuscript should not exceed 17 pages.

PARAGRAPH FORMAT
The beginning of the paraphrase should start 1.0 cm from the left.

AUTHOR NAMES
Author names should certainly not be included in the manuscript Word file without authors’ names.
Author names should be included in the manuscript Word file with authors’ names.
The first letter of the author's surname should be capitalized.
Need to Author address details (University, faculty, department, etc.) If the article is originally is English, all of details must be English.
All authors must write email addresses.
All authors must write an ORCID No. (Graduate students must also declare the ORCID No.).

TITLE OF THE MANUSCRIPT
The title of the manuscript should be written in Turkish and English.
The title of the manuscript must be in 12-point font size, Calibri font, and bold.
The title of manuscript should be capitalized (first letter in each word) (except for the conjunctions such as and, with, etc.)
The title of the article should be left-aligned.
There should be a *postscript and explanation if the study is previously presented or composed out of a thesis or a project.

MAIN SECTION HEADINGS
Main section headings (ABSTRACT, ÖZ, 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD, 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, 4. CONCLUSIONS, REFERENCES) should be capitalized (first letter in each word). Main section headings should be written 0.5 paragraphs from the left. Main section headings should be numbered. Main section headings must be in 12-point font size. The beginning of the paraphrase should start 1.0 cm from the left.

SUBHEADING
Subheadings are capitalized (only the first word is capitalized) and left justified, 0.5 cm indented, bold, and italicized, separated from the previous paragraph with a blank line.
2.1. Subsection title 1
2.1.1. Subsection title 2
2.1.1. Subsection title 3...

TABLE AND FIGURE HEADINGS
Table and figure expressions are directly used as Table 1 and Figure 1.
Table and figure headings should have only the first word capitalized and in italics.
Table and figure headings should be centered and bold.
Table headings should be above the table.
Figure headings should be under the figure.
All tables and figures must be referred to in the text (Table 1 and Figure 1).
Table 1. Title of the table
Figure 1. Title of the figure

EQUATIONS
Equations should be numbered consecutively throughout the paper and located at the right margin as in Equation (1) below.

Each equation should be referred to in the text.
Equations (Please use the Equation Editor of Word):

RMSE = √(1/n ∑_(i=1)^n▒〖(E_i-M_i)〗^2 ) (Eq.1).

UNITS
Units of measurement should all be in SI units.
Use a period in decimal fractions (2.14 rather than 2,14).
Use (,) for thousands—1,230.6
Use " kg ha⁻¹," not "kg/ha.".
With space: 4 h, 4 kg, 4 m, Without space: 40, 4%

TEXT
The article should include 1. Introduction, 2. Material and Method, 3. Results and Discussion, 4. Conclusion(s) sections.
In the introduction, the importance of the subject should be explained with its place in the literature.
In the Method section, if a specific model is used, the model subdivision should include the Sample/Workgroup, Data Collection Tools, and Process subdivisions.
The materials and methods used in the research should be expressed clearly and understandably.
Results and discussion section: the results should be discussed with their place in the literature.
Conclusion: The main significant results of the study should be presented in a clear and concise way and should be numbered.

TABLE AND FIGURES

Tables
The position of tables should be vertical (portrait) only. Large tables should be avoided. If much data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two (or more) tables. The preferred format for tables is MS Word. Tables should be numbered according to their sequence in the text in bold, e.g., Table 1. Each table should have a brief and self-explanatory title. Column headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. Since the tables must be autonomous, any explanation essential to the understanding should be given as a note at the bottom of the table. The columns and rows in the tables should not be separated either by horizontal or vertical lines. Only horizontal lines should be used to separate column headings and the end of the table.

Figures

All illustrative material—graphs, diagrams, photos, drawings, pictures, etc.—is called by a common name of figures, e.g., Figure 1. To maintain clear contrast, use line patterns instead of shading and avoid thin, light lines. Graphs should be done using Microsoft Office Excel and provided in the text of the manuscript and by a separate Excel file. If figures are produced not in Excel, they should be in separate graphic .jpg or .tiff format files in a resolution of at least 300 dpi (3000 pixel about 26 cm in size). Calibri, font size 12, should be used; there should be no bold, no frames around figures.

Figure legends should be concise and should give enough information to make the figure understandable. All symbols presented in the figures must be defined, and all acronyms should be explained as a note at the bottom.
Tables and figures should be shown in the text. It should not be given separately.
All tables and figures must be referred to in the text (Table 1 and Figure 1).

Statistical analysis
The data provided in the tables and figures should be statistically processed.

REFERENCES
Both in the text and in the source books, the rules of writing specified in the book Publication Manual of American Psychological Association (APA) (7. edition), published by the American Psychological Association, should be applied.
References will be prepared in Calibri and font 10. References in the text as author's family name should be followed by the year of the publication in parentheses (Mohsenin, 1970); (Muck and Holmes, 2000). Use "et al." after the first author's family name for citations with three or more authors (Savoie et al., 2004).
References should be arranged chronologically. All references should be listed alphabetically by author's surnames and chronologically. Names of journals should be in full titles rather than the abbreviations. All journal articles must include volume, number, and pages. For web pages, please write the date of the available data.

The list of references must be written in alphabetical order, following spelling rules, with a 1.0 cm hanging indent and single line spacing.

Journal article:
Akçura, M. (2011). The relationships of some traits in Turkish winter bread wheat landraces. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35(2), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0908-301

Akcura, M., Turan, V., Kokten, K., & Kaplan, M. (2019). Fatty acid and some micro element compositions of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotype seeds growing under Mediterranean climate. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 140-146.
For online documents:
Anonymous (2025). Türkiye Hayvansal üretim istatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hayvansal-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2024-53935 (Accessed date: 10.02.2025)
Thesis:
Mirik, M. (2005). Biberde bakteriyel leke etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria’nın tanılanması ve bitki büyüme düzenleyici rizobakteriler ile biyolojik mücadele olanakları. (Ph. D. Thesis) Cukurova University. The Institute of Natural Sciences, Adana, Turkey
Books:
Mohsenin, N.N. (1970). Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York
Conference Proceedings (Full papers):
Saglam, C., & Tan, F. (2017). An Environmentally Friendly Method of Fertilizer Application in Agriculture; Anhydrous Ammonia Application. International Conference on Environment and Natural Science. (ICENS). 9-10 September, P.7-9. Moscow, Russia.

Internet sources:
Anonymous, (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), http://www.fao.org/site, (Accessed date: 13.11.2018)

Publication Ethics for Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (TURKJANS)
The publication process at Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (TURKJANS) is the basis of the improvement and dissemination of information objectively and respectfully. Therefore, the procedures in this process improve the quality of the studies. Peer-reviewed studies are the ones that support and materialize the scientific method. At this point, it is of utmost importance that all parties included in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, reviewers, and editors) comply with the standards of ethical considerations. The Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (TURKJANS) expects all parties to hold the following ethical responsibilities.
The following ethical duties and responsibilities are written in light of the guide and policies made by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf).
Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
The authors who submit their manuscripts to Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (TURKJANS) are expected to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:
• Author(s) must submit original studies to the journal. If they utilize or use other studies, they must make the in-text and end-text references accurately and completely.
• If the manuscripts submitted to be published are subject to conflicting interests or relations, these must be explained.
• During the review process of their manuscripts, author(s) may be asked to supply raw data. In such a case, the author(s) should be ready to submit such data and information to the editorial and scientific boards.
• Author(s) should document that they have the participants' consent and the necessary permissions related to the sharing and research/analysis of the data that are used.
• The author(s) bear the responsibility to inform the editor of the journal or publisher if they happen to notice a mistake in their study that is in the early release or publication process and to cooperate with the editors during the correction or withdrawal process.
• Authors cannot submit their studies to multiple journals simultaneously. Each submission can be made only after the previous one is completed. A study published in another journal cannot be submitted to the Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences.
• Author responsibilities given in a study (e.g., adding an author, reordering of author names) whose review process has begun cannot be changed.
Ethical Responsibilities of Editor in Chief and Section Editors
The editor-in-chief and section editors of the Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciencesshould hold the following ethical responsibilities that are based on the guides "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" published as open access by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
General duties and responsibilities
Editors are responsible for each study published in Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences. In this respect, the editors have the following roles and responsibilities:
• Making efforts to meet the demand for knowledge from readers and authors,
• Ensuring the continuous development of the journal,
• Managing the procedures aimed to improve the quality of the studies published in the journal,
• Supporting freedom of expression,
• Ensuring academic integrity,
• Following the procedures without making concessions on intellectual property rights and ethical standards,
• Being transparent and clear in issues that require correction or explanation.
Relationships with Readers
Editors must make decisions taking into consideration the knowledge, skills and expectations of all readers, researchers and practitioners need. They must also ensure that the published studies contribute to literature and be original. Moreover, they must take notice of the feedback received from researchers and practitioners and provide explanatory and informative feedback.
Relationships with Authors
Editors have the following duties and responsibilities in their relations with authors:
• Editors must make positive or negative decisions about the studies' importance, originality, validity, clarity in wording and suitability with the journal's aims and objectives.
• Editors must accept the studies that are within the scope of publication into pre review process unless there are serious problems with the study.
• Editors must not ignore positive suggestions made by reviewers unless there are serious problems with the study.
• New editors, unless there are serious issues, must not change the previous editor's decisions about the studies.
• "Blind Review and Review Process" must be published and editors must prevent possible diversions in the defined processes.
• Editors must publish an "Author's Guide" that is comprehensive enough in answering queries by authors. This guide must be updated regularly.
• Authors should be provided with explanatory and informative feedback.
Relationships with Reviewers
Editors have the following duties and responsibilities in their relations with reviewers:
Editors must;
• choose reviewers according to the subject of the study.
• provide the information and guidance reviewers may need during the review process.
• observe whether there are conflicting interests between reviewers and authors.
• keep the identities of reviewers confidential in blind review.
• encourage the reviewers to review the manuscript in an unbiased, scientific and objective tone.
• evaluate reviewers regularly based on criteria like performance and timing.
• develop practices and policies that increase the performance of reviewers.
• take necessary steps to update the reviewer pool continuously and dynamically.
• prevent unkind and unscientific reviews.
• make effort to ensure the reviewer pool has a wide range.
Relationships with the Adisory Board
Editors must make sure that the members of the advisory board follow the procedures in accordance with the publication policies and guidelines, and must inform the members about the publication policies and developments. The editors must also train new members of the advisory board and provide the information they need.
Moreover, editors must
• ensure that the members of the advisory board review the manuscripts in an unbiased and independent manner.
• select the new members of the advisory board from those who can contribute to the journal and are qualified enough.
• send manuscripts for review based on the subject of expertise of the advisory board members.
• regularly communicate with the advisory board.
• arrange regular meetings with the advisory board for the development of publication policies and the journal.
Relationships with the Journal's Owner and Publisher
The relationship between the editors (Editor in chief and section editors) and publisher is based on the principle of the independency of editors. All the decisions made by the editors are independent of the publisher and the owner of the journal as required by the agreement made between editors and publisher.
Editorial and Blind Review Processes
Editors are obliged to comply with the policies of "Blind Review and Review Process" stated in the journal's publication policies. Therefore, the editors ensure that each manuscript is reviewed in an unbiased, fair and timely manner.

Quality Assurance
Editors must make sure that articles in the journal are published in accordance with the publication policies of the journal and international standards.
Protection of Personal Information
Editors are supposed to protect the personal information related with the subjects or visuals in the studies being reviewed, and to reject the study if there is no documentation of the subjects' consent. Furthermore, editors are supposed to protect the personal information of the authors, reviewers and readers.
Encouraging Ethical Rules and Protection of Human and Animal Rights
Editors are supposed to protect human and animal rights in the studies being reviewed and must reject the experimental studies which do not have ethical and related committee’s approval about the population given in such studies.
Precautions against possible Abuse and Malpractice
Editors are supposed to take precautions against possible abuse and malpractice. They must conduct investigations meticulously and objectively in determining and evaluating complaints about such situations. They must also share the results of the investigation.
Ensuring Academic Integrity
Editors must make sure that the mistakes, inconsistencies or misdirections in studies are corrected quickly.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Editors are responsible for protecting the intellectual property rights of all the articles published in the journal and the rights of the journal and author(s) in cases where these rights are violated. Also, editors must take the necessary precautions in order to prevent the content of all published articles from violating the intellectual property rights of other publications.
Constructiveness and Openness to Discussion
Editors must
• pay attention to the convincing criticism about studies published in the journal and must have a constructive attitude towards such criticism.
• grant the right of reply to the author(s) of the criticized study.
• not ignore or exclude the study that include negative results.
Complaints
Editors must examine the complaints from authors, reviewers or readers and respond to them in an explanatory and enlightening manner.
Political and Economic Apprehensions
Neither the owner of the journal, publisher or any other political or economical factor can influence the independent decision taking of the editors.
Conflicting Interests
Editors, acknowledging that there may be conflicting interests between reviewers and other editors, guarantee that the publication process of the manuscripts will be completed in an independent and unbiased manner

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
The fact that all manuscripts are reviewed through "Blind Review" has a direct influence on the publication quality. This process ensures confidentiality by objective and independent review. The review process at Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences is carried out on the principle of double blind review. Reviewers do not contact the authors directly, and the reviews and comments are conveyed through the journal management system. In this process, the reviewer views on the evaluation forms and full texts are assigned to the author(s) by the editor. Therefore, the reviewers doing review work for Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences are supposed to bear the following ethical responsibilities:

Reviewers must
• agree to review only in their subject of expertise.
• review in an unbiased and confidential manner.
• inform the editor of the journal if they think that they encounter conflict of interests and decline to review the manuscript during the review process.
• dispose the manuscripts they have reviewed in accordance with the principle of confidentiality after the review process. Reviewers can use the final versions of the manuscripts they have reviewed only after publication.
• review the manuscript objectively and only in terms of its content and ensure that nationality, gender, religious and political beliefs, and economic apprehension do not influence the review.
• review the manuscript in a constructive and kind tone, avoid making personal comments including hostility, slander and insult.
• review the manuscript they have agreed to review on time and in accordance with the ethical rules stated above.
Ethical Responsibilities of Publisher
Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (TURKJANS), is a non-profit, higher education foundation working for the good of the public. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (TURKJANS) Editorial Board is conscious of the fact that they must observe the ethical responsilities below and act accordingly.

Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences Artificial Intelligence Policy

Explanation of Artificial Intelligence Use:

- Authors must clearly state the AI tools they used in preparing their articles. It should be detailed which parts of the text, data analyses, or visuals were generated by AI or received significant assistance from AI.
FOR AUTHORS
Permitted Uses of AI
Authors may use AI tools to assist with certain non-substantive aspects of manuscript preparation:
-Language and Readability: AI tools may be employed for grammar correction, language refinement, and stylistic adjustments. Author remains responsible for reviewing and verifying the accuracy of any changes.
-Illustrative Examples: Authors can include examples generated by AI for explanatory or illustrative purposes, provided these examples are clearly labeled and cited in the manuscript.
-Data Analysis: AI tools may support data analysis conducted through traditional research methods, but the methodology must include a detailed description of the tools, parameters, and rationale for their use.
Prohibited Uses of AI
-Authorship and Content Creation: Authors must not use AI tools to generate substantive content for manuscripts, including sections like abstracts, literature reviews, methodologies, results, or conclusions. Intellectual contributions must be entirely the work of the authors.
-Data Generation: AI tools cannot be used to fabricate or simulate data, statistical analyses, or findings. All reported data must originate from authentic and verifiable research.
-Image Creation: Images, figures, or visualizations generated by AI are not permitted due to concerns about authenticity and ethical compliance.
Disclosure Requirement
Authors must disclose any use of AI tools in their manuscript. A disclosure statement should be included in the Acknowledgments section, specifying the tools used and their purpose (e.g., "This manuscript was proofread using [AI Tool Name] for grammar and clarity improvement.").
Percentage Guide for AI Content:
5%-10% : Generally acceptable, provided the content is consistent and relevant. Use of AI must be disclosed.
10%-20% : It may be acceptable if the AI contribution is significant and critically evaluated.
Further investigation must be awaited.
More than 20% : Unless strong justifications are provided, there is a high probability of rejection. AI content must be vital and meticulously reviewed.


FOR REVIEWERS
Permitted Uses of AI
Reviewers may use AI tools to assist in the preparation of their review reports, such as:
- Refining language, grammar, or formatting for clarity and readability.
- Verifying references or basic factual information related to the manuscript content.
Prohibited Uses of AI
-Reviewers must not use AI tools to evaluate the intellectual content of the manuscript or to generate substantive parts of their review. The evaluation must be entirely their own.
-Reviewers must avoid disclosing manuscript content to AI tools, ensuring the confidentiality of the review process.

For the articles published in the Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, no fee is paid to the author and no fee is charged from the author. Our journal does not charge any fees for article submission, article-editing processes or publication fees (page or color fees). Articles are freely available in print and digital.