An Essential Component for Good Reading Skill: Spelling

Öz

It is evident that numerous studies have been conducted on word recognition and reading comprehension skills in the context of the Turkish language. However, studies addressing the cognitive skills that support these foundational skills remain limited. Spelling, as an aspect of writing, is a cognitive skill that directly affects and is associated with word recognition and reading comprehension. Completely mastering a language requires knowledge of the rules of its writing system as well. One of these rules is the correct arrangement of sounds that form words in a language using appropriate letters in the correct sequence. This rule constitutes the element of spelling in the language. At this point, spelling can be described as a productive process that integrates phonological, morphological, and orthographic elements. Even in an alphabetic language like Turkish, students' spelling skills are not at a sufficient level. One of the reasons for this is the lack of emphasis on spelling instruction. In this context, it can be argued that spelling skills have been neglected. Based on this premise, the aim of this study is to comprehensively address spelling as a critical component of reading and writing skills and to reveal the linguistic structures associated with it. Thus, the study is expected to provide researchers and educators with a different perspective on spelling skills. In this study, spelling is examined and presented under the following headings: What is spelling?; phonological, orthographic, and morphological knowledge in spelling development; the relationship between spelling skills and word recognition; the distinction between writing and drawing; spelling learning; the relationship between spelling and reading comprehension; the impact of writing on reading skills; the influence of reading on writing and theories of spelling and writing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spelling
• writing
• word recognition
• reading comprehension

İyi Bir Okuma Becerisi İçin Önemli Bir Bileşen: Yazım/İmla Bilgisi

Öz

Türkçe bağlamında kelime tanıma ve okuduğunu anlama becerileri üzerine birçok çalışma yapıldığı görülmektedir. Ancak bu temel becerileri destekleyen bilişsel beceriler çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Yazım (imla), yazma becerisinin yanı sıra kelime tanıma ve okuduğunu anlama ile ilişkili olan ve bu becerileri doğrudan etkileyen bilişsel becerilerden biridir. Bir dili bütünüyle öğrenmek o dile ilişkin yazı sisteminin kurallarını da bilmeyi gerektirmektedir. Bu kurallardan biri dildeki kelimeleri oluşturan seslerin doğru harfler kullanılarak ve doğru sıra ile yazılmasıdır. Bu kural, dilin yazım (imla) unsurunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu noktada yazım, sesbilgisel, şekil-biçimsel ve ortografik unsurların bütünleştiği bir üretim süreci olarak ifade edilebilir. Türkçe gibi alfabetik bir dilde dahi öğrencilerin yazım becerisi yeterli düzeyde değildir. Bu durumun nedenlerinden biri yazım öğretimine yeterince önem verilmemesidir. Bu bağlamda yazım becerisinin ihmal edildiği ifade edilebilir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, okuma ve yazma becerilerinin önemli bir bileşeni olan yazım becerisini kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almak ve bu beceri ile ilişkili dil yapılarını ortaya koymaktır. Böylece çalışmanın, araştırmacılara ve öğretmenlere yazım becerisine ilişkin farklı bir bakış açısı sunacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada yazım; yazım/imla bilgisi nedir?, yazım gelişiminde fonolojik, ortografik ve morfolojik bilgiler, yazım becerisi ve kelime tanıma arasındaki ilişki, yazma ve yazının çizimden ayrımı, yazım öğrenimi, yazım ve okuduğunu anlama ilişkisi, yazmanın okuma becerisi üzerindeki etkisi, okumanın yazmaya etkisi, yazım ve yazma teorileri başlıkları altında ele alınmış ve sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yazım
• yazma
• kelime tanıma
• okuduğunu anlama

Kaynakça

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