The Age Gelation Problem in UHT Milk: Effect of Process Parameters

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 517 - 525, 31.12.2019

Firuze Ergin , Özge Gökçe Ahmet Küçükçetin

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.667267

Öz

The most prevalent heat treatment method used in the industry to extend shelf life of milk is UHT (Ultra High Temperature) process. However, the gel formation developed depending on enzymatic and physical effects during the storage shortens the shelf life of the UHT milk. The thermal stability of milk decreases with the increase of somatic cells which take part in protecting animals against infections. Besides, direct and indirect systems used in the heat treatment and temperature-time norms of heat treatment affect the formation of gel in UHT milk. In recent years, to prevent the gel formation in UHT milk, efficiency of applications, which do not require heat treatment at high temperatures, such as high-pressure homogenization, microfiltration, ultrasound and gas injection has been investigated. In this review, it is aimed to give information about the process parameters affecting gelation formation in UHT milk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

UHT milk, Gelation, Plasmin, Proteolysis

UHT İçme Sütlerinde Jelleşme Sorunu: Çiğ Süt Özelliklerinin ve İşlem Değişkenlerinin Etkisi

Öz

Sütün raf ömrünü uzatmak için endüstride kullanılan en yaygın ısıl işlem UHT (Ultra High Temperature-Çok Yüksek Sıcaklık) işlemidir. Ancak, depolama sırasında enzimatik ve fiziksel etkilere bağlı olarak gelişen jel oluşumu UHT içme sütlerinin raf ömrünü kısaltmaktadır. Hayvanı enfeksiyonlara karşı korumada görev alan somatik hücrelerin artmasıyla sütün ısıl stabilitesi azalmaktadır. Ayrıca, UHT işleminde kullanılan direkt ve endirekt sistemler ile sıcaklık-süre normları, UHT sütte jel oluşumunu etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda, UHT sütlerde jel oluşumunu engellemeye yönelik yüksek basınçlı homojenizasyon, mikrofiltrasyon, ultrases, gaz enjeksiyonu gibi yüksek sıcaklıklarda ısıl işlem gerektirmeyen uygulamaların da etkinliği incelenmiştir. Bu derlemede, UHT içme sütlerinde meydana gelen jelleşmenin oluşumunu etkileyen işlem değişkenleri hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

UHT içme sütü, Jelleşme, Plazmin, Proteoliz

Kaynakça

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