Ardıç (Juniperus drupacea L.) Ekstrakt Tozu Üretiminde Taşıyıcı Bileşimi ve Püskürtmeli Kurutma Parametrelerinin Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemiyle Optimizasyonu

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 167 - 178, 18.12.2024

Yusuf Yılmaz , Ecem Vural , Ayhan Topuz

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1603502

Öz

Bu çalışmada, fenolikler, α-pinen, d-limonen gibi bazı biyoaktif ve uçucu bileşenler bakımından zengin ve yüksek toz verime sahip ardıç (andız) ekstrakt tozu üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı gıda formülasyonlarında kullanılabilir nitelikte toz ürün optimize edilmiş bir koşulda püskürtmeli kurutucuda kurutulmuştur. Bu optimizasyonda taşıyıcı bileşimi ve püskürtmeli kurutucuya giriş havası sıcaklığı bağımsız değişken; kurutma verimi, toplam fenolik madde ve α-pinen içerikleri bağımlı değişkenler olarak seçilmiştir. Ürün verimini, toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve uçucu bileşen seviyeleri, özellikle de α-pinen içeriğini maksimize etmek için yanıt yüzeyi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Optimum kurutucu giriş havası sıcaklığı ve taşıyıcı oranı sırasıyla 180ºC ve 15 g Arap zamkı/100 mL ekstrakt olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum koşullarda gerçekleştirilen kurutma işleminde en yüksek toz verimi (%37.92), toplam fenolik madde içeriği (9.91 mg GAE/g toz) ile α-pinen içeriği (pik alanı 1.3×107) elde edilirken tozun yığın ve sıkıştırılmış yığın yoğunlukları ile toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve antioksidan aktivitesi sırasıyla 0.39±0.01 ve 0.51±0.02 g/cm3, 9.89±0.27 g gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE) /100 g (km) ve 4.12±0.14 g Trolox® eşdeğeri antioksidan aktivite (TEAC) /100 g km olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum koşullarda üretilen tozun partikül boyutu dağılımı 1.09 ile 22.39 µm arasında değişmiştir. Hem andız ekstraktında hem de sulandırılmış tozda on beş uçucu bileşen tanımlanırken andız ekstraktının ana bileşenleri d-limonene, α-pinene ve γ-muurolene olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Andız, Püskürterek kurutma, Optimizasyon, TPC ve uçucu bileşenler

Optimization of Spray Drying Parameters and Wall Material Composition of Juniper (Juniperus drupacea L.) Extract Using Response Surface Methodology

Öz

The aim of this study was to produce a juniper extract powder rich in some bioactive and volatile components such as phenolics, α-pinene and d-limonene with a high yield. For this purpose, the juniper extract, which can be used in various food formulations, was spray-dried under optimized conditions. In this optimization, inlet air temperature (120°C - 180°C) in the spray drying process and the carrier composition were selected as independent variables, while dependent variables included drying efficiency and the total phenolic (TPC), and α-pinene contents of the extract powder. Response surface methodology was used to maximize product yield, TPC and volatile levels, especially α-pinene. The optimum inlet air temperature and carrier ratio were 180ºC and 15 g gum Arabic (GA) per 100 mL extract, respectively. The highest powder yield (37.92%), TPC (9.91 mg GAE/g dm powder) and α-pinene content (peak area 1.3×107) were obtained under the optimum conditions while the bulk and compressed bulk densities, TPC and antioxidant activity of the extract powder were 0.39±0.01 g/cm3 and 0.51±0.02 g/cm3, 9.89±0.27 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g (dm) and 4.12±0.14 g Trolox® equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC)/100 g dm, respectively. The particle size of the powder produced under optimum conditions ranged from 1.09 to 22.39 µm. Fifteen volatiles in both juniper extract and the reconstituted form of the extract powder were identified, and the major components of juniper extract were d-limonene, α-pinene and γ-muurolene.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Juniper, Spray drying, Optimization, TPC and volatile components

Teşekkür

The authors thank Akdeniz University (Antalya, Türkiye) for the use of the laboratory and the Council of Higher Education of the Republic of Turkey 100/2000 program for financial support.

Kaynakça

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