Droits politiques, libertés civiles et consolidation démocratique : le cas des îles du Cap-Vert

Öz

Cette étude vise à analyser les effets de l’interaction entre l’État, le gouvernement et l’opposition sur la démocratisation, l’équité de la représentation politique et l’institutionnalisation d’une culture démocratique au Cap-Vert. La recherche repose sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’efficacité de l’opposition au sein du système politique ainsi que la garantie constitutionnelle des droits politiques et des libertés civiles renforcent la consolidation démocratique.

Cette étude adopte une approche qualitative fondée sur la méthode de l’étude de cas. Les rapports d’organisations internationales telles que Freedom House, Transparency International et Reporters sans frontières, ainsi que la littérature scientifique pertinente, ont été analysés au moyen des techniques d’analyse de contenu et d’évaluation descriptive.

Les résultats montrent que les droits politiques et les libertés civiles sont fortement institutionnalisés au Cap-Vert, que les processus électoraux sont compétitifs, que la liberté de la presse est largement garantie et que le niveau de corruption demeure relativement faible. L’organisation régulière d’élections ainsi que les alternances pacifiques au pouvoir ont contribué à la stabilisation des institutions démocratiques et à l’intériorisation d’une culture démocratique.

Toutefois, le faible taux de participation électorale et la concentration de la compétition politique autour de deux principaux partis constituent certaines limites structurelles au renforcement de la représentation démocratique. En conclusion, cette étude met en évidence que le Cap-Vert constitue un exemple de démocratie consolidée en Afrique. Elle suggère que l’augmentation de la participation politique, le renforcement de la représentation des partis de plus petite taille et l’approfondissement de la transparence administrative sont nécessaires pour assurer la pérennité de ce caractère démocratique.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cape Verde
• Democracy
• Corruption
• Freedom of the Press

SİYASAL HAKLAR, SİVİL ÖZGÜRLÜKLER ve DEMOKRATİK KONSOLİDASYON: YEŞİL BURUN ADALARI ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Araştırma, Yeşil Burun Adaları’nın uluslararası endeksler açısından devlet, iktidar ve muhalefetin ülkenin demokratikleşmesi ve demokratik kurumların kurumsallaşmasındaki rolünü incelemektedir. Araştırmanın hipotezi, devletin ülkenin demokratik kalitesini ve demokratik katılım düzeyini artırarak temsilde adalet ve katılımcılığı güçlendirdiği, demokratik kültürün yerleşmesini ve kurumsallaşmasını sağladığı yönünde formüle edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel analiz yöntemlerinden vaka çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ülke, 1975-1990 yılları arasında tek partili sistemle yönetilmiş, 1990 yılında yapılan anayasal değişiklikle çok partili sisteme geçiş yapmıştır. Bulgular, ülkenin siyasi haklar, sivil özgürlükler, yolsuzluk, basın özgürlüğü, siyasal çoğulculuk, temsilde adalet, sivil katılım, şeffaflık, seçimlerde rekabet eşitliği ve küçük partilerin temsili konularında istikrarlı bir yapı kazandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Demokratik kurumlar ve demokratik kültür, barışçıl iktidar geçişleri ve güvenilir seçim süreçleri sayesinde kurumsallaşmış ve istikrarlı hâle gelmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Yeşil Burun Adaları’nın demokrasi deneyimi, Afrika kıtası genelinde örnek teşkil etmekle kalmayıp Avrupa standartlarına yakın bir düzeye ulaşmış ve bölgesinde pozitif biçimde ayrışmıştır. Bununla birlikte, seçimlere katılım oranlarının istikrarlı olmaması, ülke demokrasi deneyiminde bir zaaf olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil Burun Adaları
• Demokrasi
• Yolsuzluk
• Basın Özgürlüğü

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırmayı destekleyen kurum yoktur.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırmada etik beyan yoktur.

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmada teşekkür edilecek kişi ve kurum yoktur.

POLITICAL RIGHTS, CIVIL LIBERTIES AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION: THE CASE OF THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS

Öz

The research examines the role of the state, the government and the opposition in the democratisation of the country and the institutionalisation of democratic institutions in the Cape Verde Islands in terms of international indices. The hypothesis of the study is formulated as follows: by enhancing the country's democratic quality and level of democratic participation, the state strengthens fairness and participation in representation, thereby ensuring the establishment and institutionalisation of democratic culture. The case study method, one of the qualitative analysis methods, was used in the study. The country was governed by a single-party system between 1975 and 1990, transitioning to a multi-party system following constitutional amendments in 1990. The findings reveal that the country has achieved a stable structure in terms of political rights, civil liberties, corruption, press freedom, political pluralism, fairness in representation, civil participation, transparency, competitive elections and representation of small parties. Democratic institutions and democratic culture have become institutionalised and stable thanks to peaceful transfers of power and reliable electoral processes. In conclusion, the Cape Verde Islands' experience with democracy has not only set an example across the African continent but has also reached a level close to European standards and stands out positively in the region. However, the lack of stability in voter turnout rates can be considered a weakness in the country's democratic experience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cape Verde
• Democracy
• Corruption
• Freedom of the Press

Kaynakça

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