Digital nomads who reject traditional business models and sedentary life move independently from time and space. They are individuals who travel frequently to get to know new places, cultures and people, and conduct all their business digitally. Within the scope of the current research, a detailed literature review was conducted on the concept of digital nomads, and it was determined that the studies were addressed in a limited framework. The aim of this research is to explore the trends towards digital nomads, which are increasing in number today, as well as revealing the current and future importance of the community. The importance of the research is to make a unique contribution to the field in terms of discovering trends about the community from different perspectives such as motivations for becoming a digital nomad, destination preference criteria, advantages and disadvantages of being a digital nomad, and digital nomads' interactions with social media. In this study, which was designed as a qualitative research, semi-structured in-depth interviews and content analysis were used as data analysis tools. The data obtained were analyzed through MAXQDA, one of the qualitative analysis software programs. According to the findings, it was concluded that the participants defined the concept of digital nomad as temporal, spatial and financial freedom, and that digital nomadism only can be long-term with a sustainable business model.
Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2019). Digital Tourism: Mobile Phones, Internet and Tourism in Africa. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(2), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1562662
Aguinis, H., & Lawal, S. O. (2013). ELancing: A Review and Research Agenda for Bridging the Science-Practice Gap. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.003
Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Shah, M. H., Madichie, N., Paul, J., & Choudrie, J. (2021). Keeping Customers’ Data Secure: A Cross-Cultural Study of Cybersecurity Compliance Among the Gen-Mobile Workforce. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106531
Aroles, J., Bonneau, C., & Bhankaraully, S. (2022). Conceptualising ‘Meta-Work’ in the Context of Continuous, Global Mobility: The Case of Digital Nomadism. Work, Employment and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170211069797
Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013). Libraries as Coworking Spaces. Library Hi Tech, 31(2), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831311329040
Blatt, K., & Gallagher, J. (2013). Mobile Workforce: The Rise of the Mobilocracy. In P. Bruck & M. Rao (Eds.), Global mobile: Applications and Innovations for the Worldwide Mobile Ecosystem (pp 275-292). Information Today.
Bonneau, C., & Aroles, J. (2021). Digital nomads: A New Form of Leisure Class? In J. Aroles, F.-X. de Vaujany, & K. Dale (Eds.), Experiencing the New World of Work (pp. 157–177). Cambridge University Press.
Buhalis, D. (2010). eTourism: Information Technologies for Strategic Tourism Management. Pearson (Financial Times/Prentice Hall).
Chevtaeva, E. (2021). Coworking and Coliving: The Attraction for Digital Nomad Tourists. In Q. Wörndl, C. Koo, & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 202–209). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_17
Cook, D. (2022). Breaking the Contract: Digital Nomads and the State. Critique of Anthropology, 42(3), 304-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221120172
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
Çelik Varol, M., & Varol, E. (2020). Postmodern Tüketime Postmodern Bir Yanıt: Paylaşım Ekonomisi. Asya Studies, 4(12), 128–141.
Eriksen, T. H., & Schober, E. (2016). Identity Destabilised: Living in an Overheated World. Pluto Press.
Forlano, L. (2008). Working on the Move: The Social and Digital Ecologies of Mobile Work Places. In D. Hislop (Ed.), Mobility and Technology in the Workplace. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203894354
Frey, T. (2013). The Great Freelancer Movement: Eight Reasons Why Your Next Job Will Be a Project. Journal of Environmental Health, 76(5), 46.
Germann Molz, J., & Paris, C. M. (2015). The Social Affordances of Flashpacking: Exploring the Mobility Nexus of Travel and Communication. Mobilities, 10(2), 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.848605
Haking, J. (2018). Digital Nomad Lifestyle : A Field Study in Bali. KTH Royal Instute of Technology.
Hang, M., & Van Weezel, A. (2007). Media and Entrepreneurship: A Survey of the Literature Relating Both Concepts. Journal of Media Business Studies, 4(1), 51-70.
Hermann, I., & Paris, C. M. (2020). Digital Nomadism: the Nexus of Remote Working and Travel Mobility. Information Technology and Tourism 22(3), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00188-w
Hojeghan, S. B., & Esfangareh, A. N. (2011). Digital Economy and Tourism Impacts, Influences and Challenges. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.136
İli, B., & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Nomad Researches. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1121236
Johns, T., & Gratton, L. (2013). The Third Wave of Virtual Work. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 66-73.
Kannisto, P. (2014). Global Nomads: Challenges of Mobility in the Sedentary World [Doctoral Thesis]. Tilburg University.
Law, R., Chan, I. C. C., & Wang, L. (2018). A Comprehensive Review of Mobile Technology Use in Hospitality and Tourism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(6), 626–648.
MacRae, G. (2016). Community and Cosmopolitanism in the New Ubud. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.005
Makimoto, T., & Manners, D. (1997). Digital Nomad. Wiley.
Mancinelli, F. (2020). Digital Nomads: Freedom, Responsibility and the Neoliberal Order. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(3), 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00174-2
Mansor M S. (2021). Price of the Digital Nomad Culture for Employer, Employee. ICR Journal, 12(2), 350-351. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v12i2.887
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCI.0b013e3181edd9b1
Milošević, J. (2020). Digital Nomads: A Cultural View [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Rijeka.
Mouratidis, G. (2018). Digital Nomads: Travel, Remote Work and Alternative Lifestyles. [Master Thesis]. University of Lund.
Naz, A. (2015). Interactive Living Space Design for Neo-Nomads: Anticipation Through Spatial Articulation. In M. Nadin (Ed.), Anticipation Across Disciplines, 29, 393-403. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22599-9_23
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2016). Digital Work: A Research Agenda. In B. Czarniawska (Ed.), A Research Agenda for Management and Organization Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717025
Polson, E. (2019). The Aspirational Class “Mobility” of Digital Nomads. In E. Polson, L. Schofield Clark, & R. Gajjala (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Class (pp. 168–179). Routledge.
Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads - A Quest for Holistic Freedom in Work and Leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098
Saura, J. R., Reyes-Menendez, A., & Palos-Sanchez, P. R. (2020). The Digital Tourism Business: A Systematic Review of Essential Digital Marketing Strategies and Trends. In J. D. Santos & Ó. L. Silva (Eds.), Digital Marketing Strategies for Tourism, Hospitality, and Airline Industries (pp. 1–22). IGI Global.
Schlagwein, D. (2018). “Escaping the Rat Race”: Justifications in Digital Nomadism. In 26th European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change, ECIS 2018.
Schlagwein, D. (2019). The History of Digital Nomadism. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Changing Nature of Work (CNOW) (pp. 1-5).
Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel Araştırma Yöntem, Teknik, Analiz ve Yaklaşımları. Anı Yayıncılık.
Thompson, B. Y. (2019). The Digital Nomad Lifestyle: (Remote) Work/Leisure Balance, Privilege, and Constructed Community. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2(1–2), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-018-00030-y
Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2018). Digital Work and High-Tech Wanderers: Three Theoretical Framings and a Research Agenda for Digital Nomadism. In ACIS 2018 - 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.5130/acis2018.bl
Busuttil, S. (2021). The Rise of the Digital Nomad. The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from 31/08/2022. https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-rise-of-the-digital-nomad
Choudhury, P. (2022). How “Digital Nomad” Visas Can Boost Local Economies. Harward Business Review. Retrieved from 30/05/2022. https://hbr.org/2022/05/how-digital-nomad-visas-can-boost-local-economies
David, E. (2016). Digital Nomad Careers. Become Nomad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022.
https://becomenomad.com/digital-nomad-careers/
Grider, C. (2022). 63 Surprising Digital Nomad Statistics in 2022. A Brother Abroad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022.
https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics/
Kropp, R. (2018). Digital Nomads vs Remote Workers: Why You Need to Know the Difference. All Work. Retrieved 02/06/2022 from. https://allwork.space/2018/01/digital-nomads-vs-remote-workers-why-you-need-to-know-the-difference/
Schroeder, J. (2016). What Digital Nomads Know That You Don’t (Yet). Forbes. Retrieved from 09/02/2022.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/julesschroeder/2016/03/17/what-digital-nomads-know-that-you-dont-yet/?sh=4de1311f59a7
Todd, S. (2022). Why Social Media is a Valuable Tool for Digital Nomads. Open Sourced Workplace. Retrieved from 19/06/2022. https://opensourcedworkplace.com/news/why-social-media-is-a-valuable-tool-for-digital-nomads
Yeni Medya Çağında Dijital Göçebelik: 21. Yüzyılın Gezginleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Geleneksel iş modellerini ve yerleşik hayatı reddederek zamandan ve mekândan bağımsız hareket eden dijital göçebeler, yeni yerler, kültürler ve insanlar tanıma amacıyla sık seyahat eden ve tüm işlerini dijital olarak yürüten bireylerdir. Mevcut araştırma kapsamında dijital göçebe kavramına yönelik detaylı bir literatür incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve araştırmaların sınırlı bir çerçevede ele alındıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı günümüzde giderek sayıları artan dijital göçebelere yönelik eğilimleri keşfetmenin yanı sıra topluluğun günümüz ve gelecekteki önemini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın önemini ise dijital göçebe olma motivasyonları, destinasyon tercih kriterleri, dijital göçebe olmanın avantajlı ve dezavantajları durumları ve dijital göçebelerin yeni medya ile etkileşimleri gibi farklı açılardan topluluğa dair eğilimleri keşfetmesi yönüyle alana özgün katkı sunması oluşturmaktadır. Nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı-yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme ve içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, nitel analiz yazılım programlarından biri olan MAXQDA aracılığıyla analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulara göre katılımcıların dijital göçebe kavramını zamansal, mekânsal ve finansal açıdan özgürlük olarak tanımladıkları ve dijital göçebeliğin ancak sürdürülebilir bir iş modeli ile uzun vadeli olabileceği gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2019). Digital Tourism: Mobile Phones, Internet and Tourism in Africa. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(2), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1562662
Aguinis, H., & Lawal, S. O. (2013). ELancing: A Review and Research Agenda for Bridging the Science-Practice Gap. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.003
Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Shah, M. H., Madichie, N., Paul, J., & Choudrie, J. (2021). Keeping Customers’ Data Secure: A Cross-Cultural Study of Cybersecurity Compliance Among the Gen-Mobile Workforce. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106531
Aroles, J., Bonneau, C., & Bhankaraully, S. (2022). Conceptualising ‘Meta-Work’ in the Context of Continuous, Global Mobility: The Case of Digital Nomadism. Work, Employment and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170211069797
Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013). Libraries as Coworking Spaces. Library Hi Tech, 31(2), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831311329040
Blatt, K., & Gallagher, J. (2013). Mobile Workforce: The Rise of the Mobilocracy. In P. Bruck & M. Rao (Eds.), Global mobile: Applications and Innovations for the Worldwide Mobile Ecosystem (pp 275-292). Information Today.
Bonneau, C., & Aroles, J. (2021). Digital nomads: A New Form of Leisure Class? In J. Aroles, F.-X. de Vaujany, & K. Dale (Eds.), Experiencing the New World of Work (pp. 157–177). Cambridge University Press.
Buhalis, D. (2010). eTourism: Information Technologies for Strategic Tourism Management. Pearson (Financial Times/Prentice Hall).
Chevtaeva, E. (2021). Coworking and Coliving: The Attraction for Digital Nomad Tourists. In Q. Wörndl, C. Koo, & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 202–209). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_17
Cook, D. (2022). Breaking the Contract: Digital Nomads and the State. Critique of Anthropology, 42(3), 304-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221120172
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
Çelik Varol, M., & Varol, E. (2020). Postmodern Tüketime Postmodern Bir Yanıt: Paylaşım Ekonomisi. Asya Studies, 4(12), 128–141.
Eriksen, T. H., & Schober, E. (2016). Identity Destabilised: Living in an Overheated World. Pluto Press.
Forlano, L. (2008). Working on the Move: The Social and Digital Ecologies of Mobile Work Places. In D. Hislop (Ed.), Mobility and Technology in the Workplace. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203894354
Frey, T. (2013). The Great Freelancer Movement: Eight Reasons Why Your Next Job Will Be a Project. Journal of Environmental Health, 76(5), 46.
Germann Molz, J., & Paris, C. M. (2015). The Social Affordances of Flashpacking: Exploring the Mobility Nexus of Travel and Communication. Mobilities, 10(2), 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.848605
Haking, J. (2018). Digital Nomad Lifestyle : A Field Study in Bali. KTH Royal Instute of Technology.
Hang, M., & Van Weezel, A. (2007). Media and Entrepreneurship: A Survey of the Literature Relating Both Concepts. Journal of Media Business Studies, 4(1), 51-70.
Hermann, I., & Paris, C. M. (2020). Digital Nomadism: the Nexus of Remote Working and Travel Mobility. Information Technology and Tourism 22(3), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00188-w
Hojeghan, S. B., & Esfangareh, A. N. (2011). Digital Economy and Tourism Impacts, Influences and Challenges. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.136
İli, B., & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Nomad Researches. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1121236
Johns, T., & Gratton, L. (2013). The Third Wave of Virtual Work. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 66-73.
Kannisto, P. (2014). Global Nomads: Challenges of Mobility in the Sedentary World [Doctoral Thesis]. Tilburg University.
Law, R., Chan, I. C. C., & Wang, L. (2018). A Comprehensive Review of Mobile Technology Use in Hospitality and Tourism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(6), 626–648.
MacRae, G. (2016). Community and Cosmopolitanism in the New Ubud. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.005
Makimoto, T., & Manners, D. (1997). Digital Nomad. Wiley.
Mancinelli, F. (2020). Digital Nomads: Freedom, Responsibility and the Neoliberal Order. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(3), 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00174-2
Mansor M S. (2021). Price of the Digital Nomad Culture for Employer, Employee. ICR Journal, 12(2), 350-351. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v12i2.887
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCI.0b013e3181edd9b1
Milošević, J. (2020). Digital Nomads: A Cultural View [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Rijeka.
Mouratidis, G. (2018). Digital Nomads: Travel, Remote Work and Alternative Lifestyles. [Master Thesis]. University of Lund.
Naz, A. (2015). Interactive Living Space Design for Neo-Nomads: Anticipation Through Spatial Articulation. In M. Nadin (Ed.), Anticipation Across Disciplines, 29, 393-403. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22599-9_23
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2016). Digital Work: A Research Agenda. In B. Czarniawska (Ed.), A Research Agenda for Management and Organization Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717025
Polson, E. (2019). The Aspirational Class “Mobility” of Digital Nomads. In E. Polson, L. Schofield Clark, & R. Gajjala (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Class (pp. 168–179). Routledge.
Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads - A Quest for Holistic Freedom in Work and Leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098
Saura, J. R., Reyes-Menendez, A., & Palos-Sanchez, P. R. (2020). The Digital Tourism Business: A Systematic Review of Essential Digital Marketing Strategies and Trends. In J. D. Santos & Ó. L. Silva (Eds.), Digital Marketing Strategies for Tourism, Hospitality, and Airline Industries (pp. 1–22). IGI Global.
Schlagwein, D. (2018). “Escaping the Rat Race”: Justifications in Digital Nomadism. In 26th European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change, ECIS 2018.
Schlagwein, D. (2019). The History of Digital Nomadism. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Changing Nature of Work (CNOW) (pp. 1-5).
Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel Araştırma Yöntem, Teknik, Analiz ve Yaklaşımları. Anı Yayıncılık.
Thompson, B. Y. (2019). The Digital Nomad Lifestyle: (Remote) Work/Leisure Balance, Privilege, and Constructed Community. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2(1–2), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-018-00030-y
Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2018). Digital Work and High-Tech Wanderers: Three Theoretical Framings and a Research Agenda for Digital Nomadism. In ACIS 2018 - 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.5130/acis2018.bl
Busuttil, S. (2021). The Rise of the Digital Nomad. The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from 31/08/2022. https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-rise-of-the-digital-nomad
Choudhury, P. (2022). How “Digital Nomad” Visas Can Boost Local Economies. Harward Business Review. Retrieved from 30/05/2022. https://hbr.org/2022/05/how-digital-nomad-visas-can-boost-local-economies
David, E. (2016). Digital Nomad Careers. Become Nomad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022.
https://becomenomad.com/digital-nomad-careers/
Grider, C. (2022). 63 Surprising Digital Nomad Statistics in 2022. A Brother Abroad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022.
https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics/
Kropp, R. (2018). Digital Nomads vs Remote Workers: Why You Need to Know the Difference. All Work. Retrieved 02/06/2022 from. https://allwork.space/2018/01/digital-nomads-vs-remote-workers-why-you-need-to-know-the-difference/
Schroeder, J. (2016). What Digital Nomads Know That You Don’t (Yet). Forbes. Retrieved from 09/02/2022.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/julesschroeder/2016/03/17/what-digital-nomads-know-that-you-dont-yet/?sh=4de1311f59a7
Todd, S. (2022). Why Social Media is a Valuable Tool for Digital Nomads. Open Sourced Workplace. Retrieved from 19/06/2022. https://opensourcedworkplace.com/news/why-social-media-is-a-valuable-tool-for-digital-nomads
İli, B., & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2023). Yeni Medya Çağında Dijital Göçebelik: 21. Yüzyılın Gezginleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(41), 70-93. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1300885