İle-İfe: Geleneksel Yoruba Dininde Yaratılışın ve Dünyanın Merkezi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 229 - 252, 30.12.2019

Canan Seyfeli

https://doi.org/10.34247/artukluakademi.638802

Cited By: 1

Öz

Makalenin konusu, Geleneksel Yoruba Dininde
yaratılışın ve dünyanın merkezi kabul edilen İle-İfe’dir. Konu inançsal ve
uygulama, mitolojik ve insan yaşamı boyutlarıyla işlenmiştir. Mitolojiye göre
İle-İfe yaratılışın, insanlığın (Yorubaların) ve kutsal krallığın beşiğidir. Gök,
yer ve yeraltının birleştiği eksendir. Bu eksen Orişaların diktiği Hayat
Ağacıdır. Göklerin yere, yeryüzünün göklere açılan kapısı bu eksendedir. Evrenin
ve insanın yaratılışının başladığı nokta İle-İfe’nin merkezidir. Burası şimdi sarayın
ve tapınağın bulunduğu yerdir. İle-İfe farklı Yoruba yaratılış mitlerinde ortak
unsurlardan birisidir. Yorubalara göre tanrısal alemden inip yeryüzünde
krallığını kuran Oduduva atasal Orişaya dönüşmüş ilk ata ve kraldır, İle-İfe
merkezli en etkili Orişadır. Obatala yaratılışta rol oynasa da etkisi ikinci
derecededir. İle-İfe, Olodumare’ye tek somut tapınım yeridir. Merkezde Oduduva’nınki
ve etrafında diğer Orişaların tapınakları bulunur. Şehirde çok çeşitli festivaller,
ritüeller, sunular icra edilir. Burası bütün yolların kendisine çıktığı
dünyanın merkezidir. İle-İfe, Yoruba kültür ve sanat merkezidir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geleneksel Yoruba Dini, İle-İfe, Merkez Simgeciliği, Yaratılış, Oduduva

Ile-Ife: The Center of Creation and the World in Traditional Yoruba Religion

Öz

The
subject of the article is Ile-Ife, the center of creation and the world in the
Yoruba religion. In mythology, Ile-Ife is the cradle of the earth, the Yorubas
and the kingdom, and the gate of the heavens to the earth and the earth to the
heavens. The Tree of Lİle-İfe planted by the Orishas is the axis that connects
the sky, the earth and the underworld. The center of this axis is the Ifa-Vara,
the royal palace. Oduduva, the first ancestor, the first king, is both
primordial and ancestral Orisha. He is the most influential Orisha in Ile-Ife.
But Obatala, which shapes man, is in the second degree. Ile-İle-İfe is the only
place where Olodumare is the only concrete ritual. The temple of Oduduva is at
the center of the other Orisha temples. Ile-Ife is the center of festivals,
rituals, presentations, even Yoruba culture and art.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Traditional Yoruba Religion, Ile-Ife, Center Symbolism, Creation, Oduduwa

Kaynakça

• Anda, Michael O. Yoruba. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1996.Anderson/Sankofa, David A. “The Golden Chain”. Creation Stories from around the World Encapsulations of some traditional stories explaining the origin of the Earth, its life, and its peoples, ed. Bruce Railsback, Word Edition., 23-24. Georgia: University of Georgia, 2000.Apter, Andrew. “The Historiography of Yoruba Myth and Ritual”. History in Africa, 14 (1987): 1-25.Asante, Molefi Kete. “Ile-Ife”. Ed. Molefi Kete Asante ve Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African Religion, 336. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2009.———. “Orisha-Nla”. Ed. Molefi Kete Asante ve Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African Religion, 507-8. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2009.Badejo, Diedre L. “Orunmila”. Ed. Molefi Kete Asante ve Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African Religion, 507-8. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2009.Bibeli Bible of Yoruba People Children of The Good Morning. The University of African Art Press Electronic Book Media, 2007.Blessing, Akinyemi Yetunde. “A Comparative Analysis of Olojo Festival under the Late Adesoji Aderemi and the Late Okunade Sijuwade Olubuse II”. Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 12/1 (2018): 8-20.———. “The Influence of the Kingship Institution on Olojo Festival in Ile-Ife: A Case Study of the Late Ooni Adesoji Aderemi”. Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 12/1 (2018): 482-98.Courlander, Harold. Tales of Yoruba Gods and Heroes. New York: Crown Publishers, 1973.Eliade, Mircea. İmgeler Simgeler. çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay. Ankara: Gece Kitapları, 1992.———. Mitlerin Özellikleri. çev. Sema Rifat. İstanbul: Om Yayınları, 2001.Falola, Toyin ve Ann Genova. Historical Dictionary of Africa. Ed. Jon Woronoff. Toronto: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2009.Idowu, E. Bolaji. Olodumare: God In Yoruba Belief. London: Longmans, 1962.Karenga, Maulana. “Oduduwa”. Ed. Molefi Kete Asante ve Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African Religion, 474-75. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2009.Khan Academy. “Kingdom of Ife: Sculptures from West Africa”. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/kingdom-of-ife-sculptures-from-west-africa. (Erişim: 15 Ekim 2019)Laitin, David D. Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Change Among the Yoruba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.Lange, Dierk. “Ife and the Origin of the Yoruba: Historigraphical Considerations”. Ife: Annals of the Institute of Cultural Studies, 6 (1995): 39-49.———. “The Dying and rising god in the New Year festival of Ife”. Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa: African-Centred and Canaanite-Israelite Perspectives, 343-75. Dettelbach: Verlag J. H. Röll GmbH, 2004.Law, R. C. C. “The Heritage of Oduduwa: Traditional History and Political Propaganda among the Yoruba”. The Journal of African History, 14/2 (1973): 207-22.Macaulay, Abiodun J. “Ritual as Theatre: An Analysis of Oduduwa Festival in Ikoro-Ekiti”. Language in India, 15/8 (2015): 64-89.Neimark, Philip John. The Way of The Orisa: Empowering Your Life Through The Ancient African Religion of Ifa. San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers, 1993.Obayemi, Ade. “Ancient Ile-Ife: Another Cultural Historical Reinterpretation”. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, 9/4 (1979): 151-85.Ogundayo, BioDun J. “Yoruba”. Ed. Molefe Kete Asente ve Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African Religion, 738-39. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2009.Ogunyemi, Yemi D. Introduction to Yoruba Philosophy, Religion and Literature. New York: Athelia Henrietta Press, 1998.Ojuade, J. ’Sina. “The Issue of ‘Oduduwa’ in Yoruba Genesis: the Myths and Realities”. Transafrican Journal of History, 21 (1992): 139-58.Olupona, Jacob K. City of 201 Gods: Ilé-Ifè in Time, Space, and the Imagination. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011.Omisore, Emmanuel Olufemi ve Ikpo, Ime Johnson ve Oseghale, Godwin Ehis. “Maintenance Survey of Cultural Properties in Ile-Ife, Nigeria”. Journal of Building Appraisal, 14/4 (2009): 255-68.Peel, J. D.Y. Religious Encounter and The Making of The Yoruba. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2003.Rogers, Ibram H. “Obatala”. Ed. Molefi Kete Asante ve Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African Religion, 470-72. California: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2009.Seyfeli, Canan ve Kul, Elif. “Geleneksel Yoruba Dininde Yaratılış ve Ölüm Sonrası Hayat”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 16/32 (2018): 237-72.———. “Olodumare/Olorun: Geleneksel Yoruba Dininde Yüce Tanrı”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 17/33 (2019): 15-42.Sogoba, Mia. “Ile-Ife: The Sacred Yoruba City”. Cultures of West Africa, https://www.culturesofwestafrica.com/ile-ife-sacred-yoruba-city/.(14 Ocak 2019)Ushe, Ushe Mike. “God, Divinities and Ancestors in African Traditional Religious Thought”. Igwebuike: An African Journal of Arts and Humanities, 3/4 (2017): 154-79.Valley, Nile. “Creation Stories from Around the World Afro-Carribean Yoruba, unknown origins-1989 CE Mythology of the Yoruba Religion A recounting and explanation of Yoruba creation stories by Oba Ecun, the Yoruba name of Cuban-born Cecilio Perez, Yoruba practitioner and scholar. Text and notes taken from Ita: Mythology of the Yoruba Religion, by Oba Ecun, Obaecun Books, Miami 1989.” Dhwtys Learning Center, PDF Edition, 2018.Wariboko, Nimi. “The King’s Five Bodies:: Pentecostals in the Sacred City and the Logic of Interreligious Dialogue”. Journal of Africana Religions, 2/4 (2014): 477-501.