Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara İlişkin Uluslararası Sözleşme’nin (ICCPR) 19. Maddesi Kapsamında İfade Özgürlüğünün Kapsamı ve Terörizme Teşvik Bağlamında Sınırları

Öz

Bu araştırma, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM), İnsan Hakları Komitesi ve diğer bölgesel insan hakları mahkemeleri tarafından verilen kararlara göre, terörizmi teşvikle mücadele alanında ifade özgürlüğü ile ulusal güvenlik arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi incelemektedir. AİHM kararlarını ve uluslararası insan hakları standartlarını inceleyen bu çalışma, temel hakları korurken kışkırtmayı ele almanın doğasında olan karmaşık hukuki, etik ve politika hususlarını ele alıyor. Temel bulgular, terörizmi kışkırtmanın oluşturduğu riskleri azaltırken ifade özgürlüğünü korumak için gereken hassas dengenin altını çiziyor. AİHM tarafından oluşturulan niyet, içerik, bağlam ve potansiyel zararın değerlendirilmesi gibi hukuki standartlar, izin verilen ifadenin sınırlarının belirlenmesine yönelik bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Araştırma, kışkırtma durumlarında ifade özgürlüğüne yönelik açık yasal çerçevelere, haklı sınırlamalara ve orantılı kısıtlamalara duyulan ihtiyacı vurguluyor. Ayrıca çalışma, güvenlik zorunluluklarını sivil özgürlüklerle uzlaştırma konusunda paydaşların karşılaştığı etik ikilemleri vurguluyor ve terörle mücadele amacıyla ifade özgürlüğünün kısıtlanmasının doğasında olan etik hususların altını çiziyor. Araştırma, politikaların sonuçlarını ve uluslararası insan hakları belgelerini inceleyerek politika yapıcılara, hukukçulara ve insan hakları savunucularına, insan hakları ilkelerini korurken terörle mücadelenin karmaşıklıklarını aşma konusunda içgörüler sunuyor. Temelde bu araştırma, terörizme teşvikle ilgili hukuki, etik ve politika boyutlarının incelikli bir şekilde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmakta ve ifade özgürlüğünün korunması ile insani açıdan ulusal güvenlik sorunlarının ele alınması arasında bir denge kurmaya çalışan paydaşlar için değerli bir kaynak sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Teröre Teşvik
• Terörü Yüceltme
• İfade Özgürlüğü ve İfade Özgürlüğüne Yönelik Sınırlamalar

The Scope of Freedom of Expression under Article 19 of the ICCPR and Its Limits Regarding Incitement to Terrorism

Abstract

Since its first ever judgment Lawless v. Ireland (no. 1) the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has had occasion to adjudicate a large number of cases concerning terrorism. Combating terrorism remains one of the top priorities of the European union. The approach towards the online content possibly connected to terrorist propaganda has become stricter. Modern terrorism is global and decentralized while the social media and the social platforms such as Facebook, X, You Tube, TikTok are abused for terrorist propaganda. The aim of this paper is to observe some of the major human rights implications of combating incitement to and glorification of terrorism and to provide some elementary tools for researchers and students to use in the development of policy and practice in this field. The paper will provide a brief overview of how human rights (particularly freedom of expression) work in practice, and under what specific circumstances may be lawfully restricted. It will then outline the major international instruments concerned with the issue of incitement to terrorism, including the international framework governing freedom of expression. Considering the international human rights standards, decisions taken by European Court of Human Rights as a basic purpose of this article. Moreover, decisions of the UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), the European Court (ECtHR) and Commission of Human Rights (ECommHR) as well as decisions from outside the European Convention system such as those of the US Supreme Court. This paper will try to outline basic principles that apply to the restriction of freedom of expression in the context of combating direct incitement or glorification of terrorism.

Keywords

• Incitement to Terrorism
• Glorification to Terrorism
• Freedom of Expression and Limitations on Freedom of Expression.

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