Quercus infectoria Meyvesinin Farklı Çözücüler ile Ekstrelerinin Hazırlanması, Fenolik Bileşiklerin Kantitatif Analizi ve Antioksidan Aktivitenin Araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 75 - 84, 31.12.2024

Sevgi Edebali , Duygu Mısırlı , Merve Soy , Mahfuz Elmastas

https://doi.org/10.53445/batd.1520247

Öz

Bu çalışmada Quercus infectoria gall meyvelerinin farklı çözücüler ile elde edilen ekstrelerinin kantitatif olarak fenolik bileşik içeriğinin belirlenmesi ve antioksidan aktivitenin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kantitatif analiz C6 ters faz kolon kullanılarak Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) ile yapıldı. Antioksidan aktivite analizleri DPPH•, ABTS+• ve CUPRAC in vitro testleri ile gerçekleştirildi. Etanol ekstresinde 23,44 mg/g ekstre konsantrasyonda sinnamik asit, metanol ekstresinde 8,47 mg/g ekstre konsantrasyonda gallik asit, hekzan sonrası metanol ekstresinde de 8,83 mg/g ekstre konsantrasyonda gallik asit tespit edildi. Epikateşin ve rutin de tayin edilen diğer fenolik bileşiklerdir. DPPH• radikal giderme aktivitesinde elde edilen IC50 değerleri için Trolox, etanol, metanol ve hekzan sonrası metanol ekstrelerinde sırasıyla 4,29; 5,28; 2,96; 2,85 𝝁g/mL olarak belirlendi. Hekzan ekstresinde DPPH• radikal giderme aktivitesi bulunmamıştır. ABTS+• katyon radikal giderme aktivitesinde elde edilen IC50 değerleri Trolox, etanol, metanol, hekzan sonrası metanol ve hekzan ekstrelerinde sırasıyla 3,33; 1,04; 1,72; 1,95 ve 13,21 𝝁g/mL olarak bulunmuştur. CUPRAC indirgeme gücü mmol TE/g ekstre cinsinden hesaplanmıştır. Etanol, metanol ve hekzan sonrası metanol ekstrelerinde bulunan değerler sırasıyla 0,86; 0,44 ve 0,68’dir. Hekzan ekstresinde ise aktivite bulunmamıştır. Quercus infectoria gall meyvelerinin gallik asit, epikateşin, sinnamik asit gibi fenolik bileşiklere sahip olduğu analiz edildi. Yapılan antioksidan analizlerinde bazı ekstrelerin standarda göre ve aynı familyadan olan farklı türlerine göre daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quercus infectoria, Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi, fenolik bileşik, antioksidan aktivite

Preparation of Extracts from Quercus infectoria gall with Different Solvents, Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds, and Investigation of Antioxidant Activity

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to quantitatively determine the phenolic compound content of the extracts of Quercus infectoria gall fruits obtained with different solvents and to investigate the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Quantitative analysis was conducted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a C6 reverse phase column. Antioxidant activity analyses were performed with DPPH•, ABTS+• and CUPRAC in vitro tests. Cinnamic acid was detected at 23.44 mg/g extract concentration in the ethanol extract, gallic acid was detected at 8.47 mg/g extract concentration in the methanol extract, and gallic acid was detected at 8.83 mg/g extract concentration in the methanol extract after hexane. Epicatechin and rutin are other phenolic compounds that have also been determined. The IC50 values for DPPH• radical scavenging activity was obtained in Trolox, methanol, ethanol, methanol extracts after hexane 4.29, 5.28, 2.96, and 2.85 𝝁g/mL, respectively. No DPPH• radical scavenging activity was found in the hexane extract. IC50 values were obtained for ABTS+• cation radical scavenging activity in Trolox, ethanol, methanol, post hexane methanol, and hexane extract 3.33, 1.04, 1.72, it was found to be 1.95 and 13.21 𝝁g/mL, respectively. CUPRAC reducing power was calculated in mmol TE/g extract. The values were found in methanol, ethanol, methanol after hexane as 0.86, 0.44, and 0.68, respectively. No activity was found in the hexane extract. It was determined that Quercus infectoria gall fruits contain phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, epicatechin and cinnamic acid. In the antioxidant analyses, it was determined that some extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than the standards and different plant species from the same family.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quercus infectoria, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, phenolic compound, antioxidant activity

Kaynakça

• Ataseven, S., Misirli, D., Uzar, F., Türkan, N. N., Elmastaş, M. (2021). Determination of phenolic compound composition of water and ethanol extracts of horsetail (Equisetum arvense). Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 2(2), 3-9.
• Basri, D. F., Tan, L. S., Shafiei, Z., Zin, N. M. (2012). In vitro antibacterial activity of galls of Quercus infectoria Olivier against oral pathogens. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012(1), 632796.
• Baytop, T. (1999). Geçmişte ve bugün Türkiye’de bitkiler ile tedavi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi Ltd Şti. İstanbul.
• Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT Food Science and Technology 28: 25–30.
• Chusri, S., Voravuthikunchai, S. P. (2011). Damage of staphylococcal cytoplasmic membrane by Quercus infectoria G. Olivier and its components. Letters in applied microbiology, 52(6), 565-572.
• Dardmah, F., Farahpour, M. R. (2021). Quercus infectoria gall extract aids wound healing in a streptozocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Journal of Wound Care, 30(8), 618-625.
• Dhiman, A. K. (2006). Ayurvedic drug plants. Daya Books.
• Doğuç, E. (2021). Türkiye’de sağlik harcamalari ve çözüm önerisi olarak davranişsal iktisat. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 7(3), 647-664.
• Elham, A., Arken, M., Kalimanjan, G., Arkin, A., Iminjan, M. (2021). A review of the phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological evaluation of Quercus Infectoria galls. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 273, 113592.
• Gülcin, I. (2012). Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Archives of toxicology, 86, 345-391.
• Kaur, G., Athar, M., Alam, M. S. (2008). Quercus infectoria galls possess antioxidant activity and abrogates oxidative stress-induced functional alterations in murine macrophages. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 171(3), 272-282.
• Kendir, G., Güvenç, A. (2010). Etnobotanik ve Türkiye’de yapılmış etnobotanik çalışmalara genel bir bakış. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, (1), 49-80.
• Khare, C. P. (Ed.). (2004). Indian herbal remedies: rational Western therapy, ayurvedic, and other traditional usage, Botany. Springer science & business media.
• Leela, T., Satirapipathkul, C. (2011). Studies on the antibacterial activity of Quercus infectoria galls. In International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Singapore (Vol. 2011).
• Mengeloğlu, F. Z., Metin, U., Özdemir, N., Oduncu, M. K. (2011). Mazı meşesi (Quercus infectoria) gal tohumlarının antimikrobiyal etkinliği. Dicle Medical Journal/Dicle Tip Dergisi, 38(3).
• Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K., Tütem, E., Başkan, K. S., Erçağ, E., Çelik, S. E., Baki, S., Yildiz, L., Karaman, S., Apak, R. (2011). A comprehensive review of CUPRAC methodology. Analytical methods, 3(11), 2439-2453.
• Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free radical biology and medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237
• Rina, R., Rafiquzzaman, M., Hasmah, A. (2011). Spectrophotometric determination of total phenol and flavanoid content in Manjakani (Quercus infectoria) extracts. Health and the environment journal, 2(1), 9-13.
• Umachigi, S. P., Jayaveera, K. N., Kumar, C. A., Kumar, G. S., Kumar, D. K. (2008). Studies on wound healing properties of Quercus infectoria. Tropical journal of Pharmaceutical research,7(1), 913-919.
• Vaara, M. (1992). The outer membrane as the penetration barrier against mupirocin in gram-negative enteric bacteria. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 29(2), 221-222.
• Vermani, A., Navneet, P., Chauhan, A. (2010). Physico-chemical analysis of ash of some medicinal plants growing in Uttarakhand, India. Nature and Science, 8(6), 88-91.