İkilik Dışı Cinsel Kimliklerin Görsel-İşitsel Çeviride Yansıtımına İlişkin Sorun Odaklı Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, görsel-işitsel çeviri özelinde kuir kimliklerin yansıtılmasında çevirmenin karşılaşabileceği yapısal ve söylemsel zorluklara dikkati çekmektir. Bu doğrultuda, İngilizcede var olan ikili cinsiyet belirten adıllar iki yönlü sorunsallaştırılmıştır: (1) İkili cinsiyet rejiminin sunduğu kadın ve erkek kategorilerinin içinde kendini tanımlamayan kuirin dilsel yansıtımı, (2) cinsiyet ayırımı gözeten bir dilden (İngilizce she/her, he/him vb.) cinsiyet ayrımı gözetmeyen bir dil olan Türkçeye çeviride karşılaşılan sorunlar. Araştırmada ele alınan çeviri örnekleri düşünüldüğünde, ikili cinsiyet dışı adılların Türkçede bulunmaması, sözcüğü sözcüğüne çeviri yönteminin kullanıldığı birçok durumda özgün kuir belirtiselliğinin ortadan kalkmasına veya anlam karmaşasına neden olabilmektedir. Yaratıcılık unsuru olarak kullanılan belli sözcükler ve neo-adıllar (yeni zamir) da Türkçe kuir söylemde bulunmayan ifadelerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilmektedir. Soruna son yıllarda incelemelere konu olan kuir çeviri gözlüğüyle bakıldığında, söz konusu çevirmen tercihlerinin, kuir kimliklerin erek dilde yansıtılmamasına veya yetersiz yansıtılmasına sebep olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Çalışmada ikili cinsiyet rejimi dışındaki cinsel kimlikleri belirtecek işlevsel çeviri örneklerine de yer verilmiştir. Çalışma boyunca yürütülen tartışmanın, kuir kimliklerin/ikilik dışı cinsel kimliklerin belirtiselliğinin görsel-işitsel çeviride sağlanması ve beraberinde çeviri eyleminin kuirleştirilmesi konusunda, gelecek çalışmalara bir örnek oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• görsel-işitsel çeviri
• kuir çeviri
• ikilik dışı cinsel kimlikler
• adıl
• neoadıl

A Problem-Oriented Approach to the Representation of Non-Binary Sexual Identities in Audiovisual Translation

Öz

The aim of this study is to draw attention to the structural and discursive difficulties that translators may face in reflecting queer identities in audiovisual translation. To this end, binary pronouns in English have been problematized in two ways: (1) the linguistic representation of the queer, who does not define themselves in women and men categories offered by the binary gender regime, (2) problems encountered in translating from a language that categorizes gender into distinct categories (in English, she/her, he/him, etc.) into the gender-neutral Turkish. The analyzed translation examples show that the absence of non-binary pronouns in Turkish may lead to the disappearance of queer markedness or ambiguity in many cases where the word-for-word translation method is adopted. Translators’ word choices and use of neopronouns as a creative effort can also lead to nonfunctional expressions that are inconvenient to the Turkish queer discourse. From the perspective of queer translation, a well-known translatorial framework in recent years, queer identities are prone to disappearance or under-representation as a result of translators’ preferences in the target language. The study also illustrates functional translations that foreground the markedness of non-binary sexual identities in the target language. The discussion on the cases exemplified is thought to set an example for future studies on reproducing the markedness of queer identities/non-binary sexual identities in audio-visual translation as well as on queering translation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• audiovisual translation
• queer translation
• non-binary sexual identities
• pronoun
• neopronoun

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