A Bibliometric Review of Histological Responses to Environmental Stress and Pollution in Birds (1975–2024)

Öz

Environmental stress and pollution pose significant threats to bird populations by impacting their health and survival and this study provides a comprehensive examination of the histological changes in avian tissues caused by such stressors and pollutants. Analyzing 151 scientific documents published between 1975 and 2024, the study utilized source analysis to identify publication trends, keyword analysis to highlight key topics, Lotka analysis to assess scientific productivity among researchers, and thematic analysis to categorize the research into main clusters. The findings indicate a growing scientific interest in this field since 2000 and show that the highest number of publications was reached in 2023, even though the dataset includes articles published up to 2024. The United States leads in the number of publications (30.5%), followed by Canada (17.2%), China (13.2%), and Spain (11.3%) and most articles have appeared in leading environmental science journals such as Science of the Total Environment, Environmental Pollution, and Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The most prominent topics identified include “histological changes,” “heavy metal accumulation,” “oxidative stress,” and “plastic pollution.” Lotka analysis shows that scientific productivity is driven by a small number of highly productive researchers, while the majority of authors have published only one (n=551) or two (n=68) articles. Thematic analysis revealed four main research clusters: (i) heavy metal accumulation, (ii) plastic pollution, (iii) the effects of organic and inorganic minerals, and (iv) histological changes. Overall, this study underscores the importance of histological analysis in understanding the impact of environmental pollution on avian health and provides a bibliometric framework that can guide future research priorities and conservation strategies, particularly by highlighting emerging contaminants, underrepresented regions, and key themes for long-term histopathological monitoring.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Microplastics
• metal accumulation
• environmental pollution
• birds
• histopathology

Kuşlarda Çevresel Stres ve Kirliliğe Karşı Histolojik Yanıtların Bibliyometrik İncelemesi (1975–2024)

Öz

Çevresel stres ve kirlilik, kuş popülasyonları için sağlıklarını ve hayatta kalmalarını etkileyerek önemli tehditler oluşturmaktadır ve bu çalışma, bu tür stres faktörleri ve kirleticilerin neden olduğu kuş dokularındaki histolojik değişikliklerin kapsamlı bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. 1975 ile 2024 yılları arasında yayınlanan 151 bilimsel belgeyi analiz eden çalışma, yayın eğilimlerini belirlemek için kaynak analizi, kilit konuları vurgulamak için anahtar kelime analizi, araştırmacılar arasındaki bilimsel üretkenliği değerlendirmek için Lotka analizi ve araştırmayı ana kümeler halinde kategorize etmek için tematik analiz kullandı. Bulgular, 2000 yılından bu yana bu alana olan bilimsel ilginin arttığını göstermektedir ve veri seti 2024 yılına kadar yayınlanan makaleleri içerse de, en yüksek yayın sayısına 2023 yılında ulaşılmıştır. Yayın sayısı açısından Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (%30,5) başı çekerken, onu Kanada (%17,2), Çin (%13,2) ve İspanya (%11,3) izlemektedir. Makalelerin çoğu “Science of the Total Environment”, “Environmental Pollution” ve “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” gibi önde gelen çevre bilimleri dergilerinde yayınlanmıştır. Belirlenen en önemli konular arasında “histolojik değişiklikler”, “ağır metal birikimi”, “oksidatif stres” ve “plastik kirliliği” yer almaktadır. Lotka analizi, bilimsel üretkenliğin yüksek oranda üretken birkaç araştırmacı tarafından yönlendirildiğini, yazarların çoğunluğunun ise yalnızca bir (n=551) veya iki (n=68) makale yayınladığını göstermektedir. Tematik analiz dört ana araştırma kümesini ortaya çıkardı: (i) ağır metal birikimi, (ii) plastik kirliliği, (iii) organik ve inorganik minerallerin etkileri ve (iv) histolojik değişikliklerdir. Genel olarak, bu çalışma çevresel kirliliğin kuş sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini anlamada histolojik analizin önemini vurgulamakta ve özellikle ortaya çıkan kirleticileri, yetersiz temsil edilen bölgeleri ve uzun süreli histopatolojik izleme için kilit temaları vurgulayarak gelecekteki araştırma önceliklerine ve koruma stratejilerine rehberlik edebilecek bir bibliyometrik çerçeve sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikroplastik
• metal birikimi
• çevre kirliliği
• kuşlar
• histopatoloji

Kaynakça

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