Mortality Rates in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Adults after Exposure to Sound Frequencies Lower and Higher than the Ultrasonic Limits

Öz

This study investigated the effects of acoustic sound frequencies including sub-ultrasonic and ultrasonic levels on the mortality of adult house flies (Musca domestica). A total of 240 flies were exposed to four frequencies: 6.00 kHz and 14.30 kHz (sub-ultrasonic), 20.00 kHz (ultrasonic threshold), and 25.50 kHz (ultrasonic), with three replicates per frequency. Mortality was recorded at six time points (1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 24th hours). Statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation) were used to evaluate the influence of frequency and exposure duration on mortality. The highest mortality rate (76.66%) occurred at 25.50 kHz after 24 hours, whereas the lowest (26.66%) was recorded at 14.30 kHz. Mortality increased markedly over time, from 3.00% and 6.19% during the first two hours to 74.26% in 24 hours. Pearson correlation indicated significant positive associations between both frequency and mortality (r = 0.455, P<0.01) and exposure duration and mortality (r = 0.525, P<0.01). One-way ANOVA confirmed a significant frequency effect (F = 7.210, P<0.001). However, Levene’s test (P<0.05) showed variance heterogeneity, warranting cautious interpretation. Overall, higher frequencies and longer exposures increased mortality in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with ultrasonic levels showing the strongest effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Musca domestica
• Ultrasonic
• Sound waves
• Mortality
• Vector control

Sesötesi Sınırlardan Daha Düşük ve Daha Yüksek Ses Frekanslarına Maruz Kalan Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Erişkinlerinde Ölüm Oranları

Öz

Bu çalışma, yetişkin ev sineklerinde (Musca domestica) akustik ses frekanslarının ultrasonik altı ve ultrasonik seviyeleri de dahil olmak üzere mortalite üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmıştır. Toplam 240 sinek, dört frekansa maruz bırakılmıştır: 6.00 kHz ve 14.30 kHz (ultrasonik altı), 20.00 kHz (ultrasonik eşik) ve 25.50 kHz (ultrasonik); her frekans için üç tekrar yapılmıştır. Mortalite, 1., 2., 4., 6., 8. ve 24. saatlerde kaydedilmiştir. Frekans ve maruz kalma süresinin mortalite üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için tek yönlü ANOVA ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. En yüksek mortalite oranı (%76.66) 24. saatte 25.50 kHz’de, en düşük oran (%26.66) ise 14.30 kHz’de kaydedilmiştir. Mortalitenin zamanla belirgin şekilde arttığı görülmüştür; ilk iki saatte sırasıyla %3.00 ve %6.19 olan oranlar, 24. saatte %74.26’ya yükselmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizine göre hem frekans ile mortalite (r = 0.455; P<0.01) hem de maruz kalma süresi ile mortalite arasında (r = 0.525; P<0.01) anlamlı pozitif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Tek yönlü ANOVA, frekansın anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu doğrulamıştır (F = 7,210; P<0.001). Ancak Levene testi (P<0.05) varyans heterojenliğine işaret ettiğinden sonuçların dikkatli yorumlanması gerekmektedir. Genel olarak, daha yüksek frekanslar ve daha uzun maruz kalma süreleri mortaliteyi doz- ve zaman-bağımlı şekilde artırmış; en güçlü etkiler ultrasonik seviyelerde görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Musca domestica
• Ultrasonik
• Ses dalgaları
• Ölüm oranı
• Vektör kontrolü

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