Libya’daki Evcil Atların (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) Endosimbiyotik Bağırsak Siliyatları (Ciliophora)

Öz

Bu çalışmada, endosimbiyont olan bağırsak siliyatlarının kompozisyonu ve dağılımı Libya’nın Susah kentindeki 30 evcil attan alınan fekal örneklerde araştırılmıştır. Beş familya ve 13 cinse ait 16 siliyat türü ve 1 morfotip teşhis edilmiştir. Atların beşinde herhangi bir siliyat tespit edilmemiştir. Cycloposthium cinsi, kalan atların 23’ünde C. bipalmatum türü ile saptanmış olup yaygınlığı %76.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna karşılık, Holophryoides macrotricha, Tetratoxum parvum ve Triadinium caudatum türlerinin her biri %3.3 yaygınlıkla yalnızca birer atta gözlenmiştir. At başına teşhis edilen tür sayısı 0 ile 9 arasında değişmekte olup ortalama 4.3 ± 2.1’dir. Atlardaki bağırsak siliyatlarının ortalama yoğunluğu 7.0 ± 6.2 × 10⁴ hücre mL⁻¹’dir. Libya’daki atların bağırsak siliyatları ilk kez rapor edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koprofaji
• endosimbiyont
• mikroorganizma
• protist
• Suctoria
• Trichostomatia

Endosymbiotic Intestinal Ciliates (Ciliophora) of Domestic Horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) in Libya

Öz

In this study, the composition and distribution of intestinal ciliates, which are endosymbionts, were investigated in fecal samples from 30 domestic horses in Susah, Libya. One morphotype and 16 ciliate species belonging to 13 genera and 5 families were identified. Five of the horses did not harbor any ciliates. The genus Cycloposthium was present in 23 of the remaining horses, represented by the species C. bipalmatum, with a prevalence of 76.7%. In contrast, Holophryoides macrotricha, Tetratoxum parvum, and Triadinium caudatum were each observed in only one horse, with a prevalence of 3.3%. The number of species identified per horse ranged from 0 to 9, with an average of 4.3 ± 2.1. The average density of intestinal ciliates in the horses was 7.0 ± 6.2 × 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹. This is the first report on intestinal ciliates in horses in Libya.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coprophagy
• endosymbiont
• microorganism
• protist
• Suctoria
• Trichostomatia

Kaynakça

1. Adam, K.M.G. (1951). The quantity and distribution of the ciliate protozoa in the large intestine of the horse. Parasitology, 41(3–4), 301–311. https://doi.org/301-11.10.1017/s0031182000084158
2. Bush, A.O., Lafferty, K.D., Lotz, J.M., & Shostak, A.W. (1997). Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83, 575–583. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284227
3. Cedrola, F., Bordim, S., D’Agosto, M., & Dias, R.J.P. (2019). Intestinal ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) in Brazilian domestic horses (Equus caballus L.) and a review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world. Zootaxa, 4585, 478–488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.4
4. Dehority, B.A. (1986). Protozoa of the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals. Insect Science and Its Application, 7, 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400009346
5. Dicks, L.M.T., Botha, M., Dicks, E., & Botes, M. (2014). The equine gastro-intestinal tract: An overview of the microbiota, disease and treatment. Livestock Science, 160, 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.025
6. Egan, C.E., Snelling, T.J., & McEwan, N.R. (2010). The onset of ciliate populations in newborn foals. Acta Protozoologica, 49, 145–147.
7. Fliegerova, K., Mura, E., Mrázek, J., & Moniello, G. (2016). A comparison of microbial profiles of different regions of the equine hindgut. Livestock Science, 190, 16–19. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.05.015
8. Gassovsky, G. (1919). On the microfauna of intestine of the horse. Travaux de la Société des Naturalistes de Petrograd, 49, 20–37.

9. Göçmen, B., Gürelli, G., & Dehority, B.A. (2012). Fecal ciliate composition of Cypriot domestic horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36, 163–170. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1003-141
10. Gürelli, G. (2012). Comparative study of hindgut ciliates in horses, mules and donkeys in Turkey. Global Veterinaria, 9, 700–705. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.gv.2012.9.6.66105
11. Gürelli, G., & Göçmen, B. (2010). Intestinal ciliate composition found in the feces of the Cypriot wild donkey, Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758. European Journal of Protistology, 46, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2009.09.001
12. Gürelli, G., & Göçmen, B. (2011). Intestinal ciliate composition found in the feces of the Turk rahvan horse, Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758. European Journal of Protistology, 47, 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2011.04.005
13. Gürelli, G., & Göçmen, B. (2012). Intestinal ciliate composition found in the feces of racing horses from Izmir, Turkey. European Journal of Protistology, 48, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2012.01.002
14. Gürelli, G., & Aydın, H. (2021). Hindgut ciliate diversity of domestic horses in Kastamonu, Turkey and scanning electron micrographs. Biharean Biologist, 15(2), 91–101.
15. Gürelli, G., Canbulat, S., & Aldayarov, N. (2015). Fecal ciliate composition of domestic horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) living in Kyrgyzstan. Zootaxa, 4039(1), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4039.1.6
16. Gürelli, G., Lyons, E.T., & Kesbiç, F.I. (2019). Hindgut ciliate composition of thoroughbred mares in Kentucky, USA, and binary fission in Polymorphella ampulla. Zootaxa, 4646, 369–384. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.11
17. Hsiung, T.-S. (1930). A monograph on the protozoa of the large intestine of the horse. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 4, 359–423.
18. Ike, K., Nuruki, R., Imai, S., & Ishii, T. (1981). Composition of intestinal ciliates excreted in feces of the light horse. Bulletin of the Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, 30, 91–100.
19. Ike, K., Imai, S., & Ishii, T. (1983a). A new ciliate, Spirodinium magnum sp. nov., from the light horse. The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science, 45, 525–527. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.45.525
20. Ike, K., Imai, S., & Ishii, T. (1985). Establishment of intestinal ciliates in new-born horses. The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science, 47, 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.47.39
21. Ike, K., Nuruki, R., Imai, S., & Ishii, T. (1983b). Composition of intestinal ciliates and bacteria excreted in feces of the race-horse. The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science, 45, 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.45.157
22. Ike, K., Nuruki, R., Nomoto, Y., Imai, S., & Ishii, T. (1983c). Comparative studies on the intestinal ciliate fauna excreted in the feces of yearlings, bloodmares, riding horses and racehorses. Bulletin of Equine Research Institute, 20, 63–70.
23. Ito, A., Imai, S., Ogimito, K., & Nakahara, M. (1996). Intestinal ciliates found in the feces of Japanese native tokara pony, with the description of a new genus and a new species. The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 58, 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.58.103
24. Imai, S., Inami, K., Morita, T., Ike, K., & Ito, A. (1999). Intestinal ciliate composition found in the feces of Japanese native kiso horse. Bulletin of the Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 48, 33–38.
25. Julliand, V., & Grimm, P. (2016). Horse species symposium: The microbiome of the horse hindgut: History and current knowledge. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 2262–2274. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-0198
26. Julliand, V., & Grimm, P. (2017). The impact of diet on the hindgut microbiome. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 52, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.002
27. Kornilova, O.A. (2003) The Fauna of Ciliates from the Intestine of Asiatic Wild Ass (Kulan). St-Petersburg, Tessa Press, 215 pp.
28. Kornilova, O.A. (2004). History of Study of Endobiotic Ciliates of Mammalia. St-Petersburg, Tessa Press, 349 pp.
29. Kornilova, O.A. (2006). Ciliates from the intestine of Yakut Horse (Equus caballus). Parazitologiia, 40 (5), 472–478.
30. Kornilova, O.A., & Chistyakova, L.V. (2024). Endobiotic ciliates of Marwari horses from the Thar Desert, India. Amurian Zoological Journal, 16(2), 303–309.
31. Kornilova, O.A., Chistyakova, L.V., & Kamyshatskaya, O.G. (2019). Report on ciliates from the hindgut of horses in Iceland. Amurian Zoological Journal, 11, 375–383. https://doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2019-11-4-375-383
32. Kornilova, O.A., Belokon, M., & Chistyakova, L. (2022). Intestinal ciliates from the domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus) in South Africa, and microtubule cytoskeleton organization of the representatives of Spirodiniidae (Ciliophora, Litostomatea). Protistology, 16(3), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.21685/1680-0826-2022-16-3-5
33. Lynn, D.H. (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa, Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature. New York, Springer, 605 pp.
34. Ogimoto, K., & Imai, S. (1981). Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Tokyo, Japan Scientific Societies Press., 231 pp.
35. Ozeki, K. (1977). Studies on the Classification and Distribution of Ciliate Protozoa in the Large Intestine of the Horse. Tokyo, Thesis, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, 231 pp.
36. Ozeki, K., Imai, S., & Katsuno, M. (1973). On the distribution of the ciliated protozoa in the large intestine of horse. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 24, 86–101.
37. Strelkow, A. (1931). Über die fauna des colons beim zebra. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 94, 37–54.
38. Strelkow, A. (1939). Parasitical infusoria from the intestine of Ungulata belonging to the family Equidae. Uchenye Zapiski Leningrad Pedagog Institute Gertsena, 17, 1–262.
39. Tung, K.-C. (1992). Analysis of the composition and morphology of intestinal ciliates excreted in feces of the riding horses in Middle Taiwan. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Chung-Hsing University, 41, 53–56.
40. Van Hoven, W., Gilchrist, F.M.C., Liebenberg, H., & Van Der Merwe, C.F. (1998). Three new species of ciliated protozoa from the hindgut of both White and black wild African rhinoceroses. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 87–95.