In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan/ZnO/Ag Ternary Nanocomposites against Clinical Wound Isolates

Öz

Chitosan is a biodegradable, linear, biocompatible natural polymer. By adding silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to a gel, a bandage with antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects can be formed. In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of pure chitosan nanoparticles and Cs/ZnO/Ag nanocomposite solutions against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently detected bacterium at 16%. Klebsiella pneumoniae ranked second at 11%, and Escherichia coli ranked third at 5%. The inhibition zones in millimeters around agar wells containing pure chitosan nanoparticle solutions and Cs/ZnO/Ag nanocomposite solutions were measured in this study. The inhibition zones against S. aureus were 5, 8 and 10 mm respectively for pure solutions of chitosan nanoparticles and 5, 7 and 10 mm respectively for E. coli. Similarly, the inhibition zones for K. pneumoniae were 5, 8, and 10 mm, respectively. The Cs/ZnO/Ag nanocomposites were tested in solution at different ZnO:Ag ratios. It was observed that the antibacterial activity increased when CS/ZnO/Ag nanocomposites were applied at different ratios (ZnO:Ag = 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1; 0.15% by weight). In this group, inhibition zones for S. aureus were measured as 9, 9, and 10 mm; for E. coli as 8, 10, and 10 mm; and for K. pneumoniae as 9, 10, and 11 mm. In conclusion, enriching chitosan-based nanocomposites with ZnO and silver nanoparticles significantly increases their antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings suggest that CS/ZnO/Ag nanocomposites can be used as a potential biomaterial in the control of wound infections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chitosan
• Zinc oxide (Zno)
• silver (Ag)
• Nanoparticles

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Central Committee for Bioethics at the University of Kufa (Iraq). The committee reviewed the application at its meeting on September 28, 2022 and approved the project titled "Antimicrobial of Chitosan / ZnO / Ag Nanocomposite for Wound Healing". The research was conducted in accordance with the approval of the relevant ethics committee.

Kitosan/ZnO/Ag Nanokompozitlerin Klinik Yara İzolatlarına Karşı İn Vitro Antibakteriyel Aktivitesi

Öz

Kitosan; biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir olması, doğrusal yapısı ve biyouyumlu olması gibi pek çok olumlu özelliğe sahip doğal bir polimerdir. Gümüş (Ag) ve çinko oksit (ZnO) nanopartiküllerinin bir jele dâhil edilmesiyle; antibakteriyel, antimikrobiyal ve antienflamatuvar etkiye sahip bandaj oluşturulabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, saf kitosan nanopartiküllerinin ve Cs/ZnO/Ag nanokompozit çözeltilerinin hem Gram-pozitif hem de Gram-negatif bakterilere karşı antibakteriyel etkinliği araştırılmıştır. En sık tespit edilen bakteri %16 ile Staphylococcus aureus olmuştur. Klebsiella pneumoniae %11 ile ikinci, Escherichia coli ise %5 ile üçüncü sırada yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada, saf kitosan nanopartikül çözeltileri ve Cs/ZnO/Ag nanokompozit çözeltileri içeren agar kuyucuklarının etrafında oluşan hale şeklindeki inhibisyon bölgeleri milimetre cinsinden ölçülmüştür. S. aureus'a karşı inhibisyon bölgeleri, saf kitosan nanopartikül çözeltileri için sırasıyla 5, 8 ve 10 mm; E. coli için ise sırasıyla 5, 7 ve 10 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde, K. pneumoniae için inhibisyon bölgeleri de sırasıyla 5, 8 ve 10 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. CS/ZnO/Ag nanokompozitlerinin farklı oranlarda (ZnO:Ag = 1:1, 2:1 ve 3:1; %0.15 ağırlıkça) uygulanması sonucunda antibakteriyel etkinliğin arttığı gözlenmiştir. Bu grupta S. aureus için inhibisyon zonları 9, 9 ve 10 mm; E. coli için 8, 10 ve 10 mm; K. pneumoniae için ise 9, 10 ve 11 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, kitosan bazlı nanokompozitlerin ZnO ve gümüş nanoparçacıkları ile zenginleştirilmesi, hem Gram-pozitif hem de Gram-negatif bakterilere karşı antibakteriyel etkinliği anlamlı düzeyde artırmaktadır. Bu bulgular, CS/ZnO/Ag nanokompozitlerinin yara enfeksiyonlarının kontrolünde potansiyel bir biyomalzeme olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kitosan
• Çinko oksit (ZnO)
• gümüş (Ag)
• Nanoparçacıklar

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik onay, Kufa Üniversitesi (Irak) Biyoetik Merkezi Komitesi'nden alınmıştır. Komite, başvuruyu 28 Eylül 2022 tarihli toplantısında incelemiş ve "Yara İyileştirmesinde Kitin/ZnO/Ag Nanokompozitinin Antimikrobiyal Özelliği" başlıklı projeyi onaylamıştır. Araştırma, ilgili etik kurulunun onayı doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür.

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