Effects of Diabetes on the Kidney: Analysis of IL-2 and IL-10 Levels, Serum Glucose Levels, and Histopathological Findings

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the effects of experimentally induced diabetes on renal tissue by evaluating biochemical parameters, cytokine levels (IL-2 and IL-10), and histopathological alterations in rats. Twelve adult male Wistar albino rats were used and randomly divided into control and diabetic groups. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental period, kidney tissues and serum samples were collected under anesthesia. Serum glucose levels were measured to confirm diabetes induction. Renal IL-2 and IL-10 levels were determined using ELISA. Histopathological evaluation of kidney tissues was performed using Hematoxylin–Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining and tissue damage was assessed semi-quantitatively. Serum glucose levels were significantly elevated in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Renal cytokine analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in both IL-2 and IL-10 levels in diabetic rats (p < 0.01). Histopathological examination revealed marked structural alterations in the diabetic group, including degeneration of renal corpuscles, tubular epithelial degeneration, vascular congestion, and perivascular fibrotic scar formation. In contrast, the control group exhibited normal renal histological architecture. Experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin leads to significant biochemical, immunological, and histopathological changes in renal tissue. The observed decrease in both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines suggests impaired immune regulation, which may contribute to the development of diabetic kidney injury. These findings highlight the role of cytokine imbalance in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Experimental diabetes
• diabetic nephropathy
• inflammation
• streptozotocin

Destekleyen Kurum

Kırşehir Ahi Evran University

Proje Numarası

None

Etik Beyan

This study has been approved by the Clinical Researches Ethics Committee of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University (Date: 11.12.2025, Decision No: 24-01).

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Davut Yolcu and Yeliz Yolcu for their technical support

Diyabetin Böbrek Üzerine Etkileri: IL-2 ve IL-10 Düzeyleri, Serum Glukoz Düzeyleri ile Histopatolojik Bulguların Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, deneysel olarak oluşturulan diyabetin böbrek dokusu üzerindeki etkilerini; biyokimyasal parametreler, sitokin düzeyleri (IL-2 ve IL-10) ve histopatolojik değişiklikler açısından incelemektir. Çalışmada yirmi sekiz adet erişkin erkek Wistar albino sıçan kullanılmış ve rastgele kontrol ve diyabetik gruplara ayrılmıştır. Deneysel diyabet, tek doz intraperitoneal streptozotosin (65 mg/kg) enjeksiyonu ile oluşturulmuştur. Deney süresinin sonunda, anestezi altında böbrek dokuları ve serum örnekleri toplanmıştır. Diyabet oluşumunu doğrulamak amacıyla serum glukoz düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Böbrek dokusunda IL-2 ve IL-10 düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Böbrek dokularının histopatolojik değerlendirmesi Hematoksilen-Eozin ve Masson’un Trikrom boyamaları ile yapılmış ve doku hasarı yarı kantitatif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Diyabetik grupta serum glukoz düzeylerinin kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede arttığı bulunmuştur (p < 0.01). Böbrek sitokin analizinde, diyabetik sıçanlarda hem IL-2 hem de IL-10 düzeylerinde anlamlı azalma tespit edilmiştir (p < 0.01). Histopatolojik incelemede diyabetik grupta belirgin yapısal değişiklikler gözlenmiş olup; renal korpüsküllerde dejenerasyon, tübüler epitel dejenerasyonu, vasküler konjesyon ve perivasküler fibrotik skar oluşumu saptanmıştır. Buna karşılık kontrol grubunda normal böbrek histolojik yapısı korunmuştur. Streptozotosin ile oluşturulan deneysel diyabet, böbrek dokusunda önemli biyokimyasal, immünolojik ve histopatolojik değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Hem proinflamatuvar hem de antiinflamatuvar sitokinlerde gözlenen azalma, immün düzenlemenin bozulduğunu göstermekte ve bu durum diyabetik böbrek hasarının gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu bulgular, diyabetik nefropatinin patogenezinde sitokin dengesizliğinin rolünü vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deneysel diyabet
• diyabetik nefropati
• inflamasyon
• streptozotosin

Destekleyen Kurum

Kırşehir Ahi Evran University

Proje Numarası

None

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Tarih: 11.12.2025, Karar No: 24-01).

Teşekkür

Davut Yolcu ve Yeliz Yolcu' nun teknik destekleri için teşekkür ederiz

Kaynakça

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