THE THAT/ZERO-THAT ALTERNATION WITH ‘I THINK’ ACROSS FORMAL AND INFORMAL REGISTERS

Öz

The flourishing development of corpus linguistics has significantly advanced research on discourse markers; with I think being one of the most extensively studied examples. Recognizing the scarcity in the current literature regarding the alternation between that- complement and zero-that complement, this study aimed to investigate this variation in the verb think through a corpus-based analysis involving both spoken and written corpus. The overall results showed that I think with a zero-complementizer appears more frequently than I think with a that-complementizer, regardless of the genre, even though I think appears more frequently in the spoken corpus. Further results also showed that the that- complementizer is less frequent, irrespective of the formality of the genres. In addition, I think with a zero-that complement was found to occur more often in the sentence-initial position across genres, while it was rare in medial and final positions. Lastly, the findings demonstrated that instances of intervening adverbials before the that-complementizer are not frequent, whereas the zero-complement alternation with intervening adverbials is more frequent.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Comment clause
• That complementation
• Zero complementation
• That/zero-that alternation
• Corpus analysis

RESMİ VE GAYRİ RESMİ SÖYLEMDE ‘I THINK’ İLE THAT/BOŞ THAT DEĞİŞİMİ

Öz

Derlem bilim dilbiliminin gelişen yükselişi, söylem belirleyicileri üzerine yapılan araştırmaları önemli ölçüde ilerletmiştir; I think ise en çok incelenen örneklerden biri olmuştur. Mevcut literatürde that ve boş that tamamlaması arasındaki değişimle ilgili sınırlı çalışma olduğunu dikkate alarak, bu çalışma hem sözlü hem de yazılı derlem verilerini içeren derlem tabanlı bir analiz yoluyla think fiiliyle kullanılan that/boş that değişimini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Genel sonuçlar, I think ifadesinin boş tamamlayıcı ile, that tamamlayıcı ile olduğundan daha sık kullanıldığını ve bunun türden bağımsız olarak geçerli olduğunu göstermiştir; ancak, I think ifadesi sözlü derlemde daha yaygın olarak görülmüştür. Daha ileri bulgular, that tamamlayıcısının, türlerin resmiyet düzeyinden bağımsız olarak, daha az sıklıkla kullanıldığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, I think ifadesinin boş that tamamlayıcısı ile türler arasında daha çok cümle başında yer aldığı, ancak cümlenin orta ve son konumlarında nadiren görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, bulgular, that tamamlayıcısından önce gelen bağlamsal zarf kullanımlarının oldukça sınırlı olduğunu, buna karşın boş değişiminin bağlamsal zarflarla daha sık görüldüğünü göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yorum cümlesi
• That tamlaması
• Boş tamlama
• That/boş that değişimi
• Derlem analizi

Kaynakça

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