PSİKOTERAPİDE YAPAY ZEKÂ: KURAM, UYGULAMA VE ETİK PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Araştırmada, ruh sağlığında yapay zekâ kullanımının kuram, uygulama ve etik perspektiflerinden ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, literatürü bütüncül bir şekilde değerlendirmek amacıyla narratif derleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Küresel olarak, ruh sağlığı için ayrılan finansal kaynakların ve insan kaynaklarının henüz yeterli düzeyde olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu durum, dünyada pek çok insanın uygun yardımı alamamasına neden olmaya devam etmektedir. Psikolojinin bir bilim dalı olarak kabul görmesinden bugüne değin farklı psikoterapi kuramları ve terapötik yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiştir (Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi, Şema Terapi ve Psikodinamik Terapi vb.). Teknolojinin de ilerlemesiyle bu yaklaşımlar, psikanalizin divanından sanal gerçeklik yöntemlerine kadar çeşitlenmiş ve son zamanlarda da yapay zekâ uygulamalarına kadar gelişim göstermiştir. Bu süreçte, yapay zekâ ve ruh sağlığı uzmanının görev ve sorumluluklarının nasıl dönüşeceği kritik bir konudur. Yapay zekâ uygulamalarının erişilebilirlik, uygun maliyet, eğitim ve uzmanlık avantajları sunması dezavantajlı bireylere ulaşma ve klinik ve akademik süreçlerde verimlilik artışı gibi birçok faydayı içerdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bunun yanında ise, terapötik ilişki, güvenirlik, hata olasılığı ve yeni etik ikilemlerin oluşması ya da etik kuralların değişmesi gibi çeşitli potansiyel sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapay zekânın ruh sağlığı hizmetlerine dahiliyeti etik kuralların gelişimi ve değişimini beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapay zekânın terapötik süreçlerde kullanılması üzerine henüz teorik ve pratik araştırmalar son yıllarda hız kazanmakla birlikte terapötik süreç üzerindeki etkileri netleştirilebilmiş değildir. Bu sebeple, yapay zekâ uygulamaları terapötik süreçte dikkatli ve öngörülü bir biçimde kullanılmalıdır. Bu uygulamaların, potansiyel fayda ve risklerini belirlemek için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zeka
• Psikoterapi
• Geliştirilmiş Psikoterapi
• Dijital Müdahale Yöntemleri
• Dijital Psikoloji

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: A THEORETICAL, PRACTICAL, AND ETHICAL EVALUATION

Öz

This research aims to examine the use of artificial intelligence in mental health from theoretical, practical, and ethical perspectives. To this end, a narrative review method was employed to provide a holistic evaluation of the literature. Globally, it is observed that financial and human resources allocated to mental health are still insufficient. This situation continues to prevent many people around the world from receiving appropriate help. Since psychology was recognized as a scientific discipline, various psychotherapy theories and therapeutic approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Schema Therapy, and Psychodynamic Therapy have been developed. With the advancement of technology, these approaches have diversified from the couch of psychoanalysis to virtual reality methods, and recently have evolved to include artificial intelligence applications. In this process, how artificial intelligence will transform the duties and responsibilities of mental health professionals is a critical issue. It is understood that artificial intelligence applications offer many benefits, such as accessibility, cost-effectiveness, training and expertise advantages, reaching disadvantaged individuals, and increased efficiency in clinical and academic processes. However, the therapeutic relationship also brings with it various potential problems such as reliability, the possibility of error, and the emergence of new ethical dilemmas or changes in ethical rules. The inclusion of artificial intelligence in mental health services brings about the development and change of ethical rules. Although theoretical and practical research on the use of artificial intelligence in therapeutic processes has accelerated in recent years, its effects on the therapeutic process have not yet been clarified. Therefore, artificial intelligence applications should be used carefully and proactively in the therapeutic process. More research is needed to determine the potential benefits and risks of these applications associated with the use of artificial intelligence in mental health care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Psychoteraphy
• Enhanced Psychoterapy
• Digital Intervention Methods
• Digital Psychology

Kaynakça

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