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YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 59, 105 - 122, 31.01.2019

Öz

“Sosyal Yardım Uygulamaları”,
günümüzde ülkelerin yoksullukla mücadelede başvurdukları en önemli kamu
politikası enstrümanlarındandır. Küresel ölçekte incelendiğinde ülkeler ve
bölgeler arasında standart uygulamalar olarak yayılım göstermeyen “Sosyal Yardım
Uygulamaları”nın,  uygulandıkları
ülkelerin ve coğrafyaların ekonomik, siyasal, sosyal ve kültürel
özelliklerinden önemli ölçüde etkilendikleri görülmektedir.



Şartlı bir sosyal yardım türü olan
istihdam temelli sosyal yardımların Afrika, Amerika, Asya ve Avrupa
kıtalarındaki ülke uygulamalarına odaklanılan çalışmada; sosyal yardım sistem
ve enstrümanlarını sorgulayan çoğu dünya ülkesinin 1990’lardan itibaren sosyal
yardım enstrümanlarını çoklu amaçlara hizmet eder tarzda yeniden
yapılandırdığı, Kuzey Amerika ve Avrupa Kıtası uygulamalarının ''gelişmiş'',
Asya, Afrika ve Güney Amerika ülkeleri uygulamalarının ise ''gelişmekte olan''
uygulamalar olarak nitelendirilebileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, Ferhat, (2008), ''Sosyal Yardımdan Sosyal Sigortaya: Bismarckyan ve İngiltere Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemlerinin Tarihsel Dönüşümü'', Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt:1, Sayı:5, ss.58-70.
  • Barbier, Jean Claude, (2001), Welfare to Work Policies in Europe, The Current Challenges and Activation Policies, http://www.cee-recherche.fr., ss.13-14. (20.02.2015).
  • Barnow, Burt S. ve Christopher T.King, (2005), The Workforce Investment Act in Eight States, U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration, The Nelson A.Rockefeller Institute of Government.
  • Berqvist, Kersti vd., (2013), Understanding The Role of Welfare State Characteristics for Health and Inequalities: An Analytical Review, BMC Public Health, Cilt:13, Sayı:1234, ss.7-8.
  • Cairl, Tim vd., (2013), The Workforce Investment Act in Georgia: Recommendations for Improvement, Capstone Final Report 2013, Georgia Budget & Policy Institute, s.18.
  • CDAC Workfare Programme: Singapore, http://www.cdac.org.sg/programmes/families/cdac-workfare-programme. (17.03.2015).
  • Chang, Chin-Fen, (2011), Workfare In Taiwan, From Social Assistance to Unemployment Absorber, Welfare Reform In East Asia Towards Workfare?, Chak Kwan CHAN ve Kinglun NGOK, (Ed.), Routledge, Canada, ss.78-99.
  • Coady, David (2003), Alleviating Structural Poverty In Developing Countries: The Approach of Progresa In Mexico, International Food Policy Research Institute, ss.1-28.
  • Cottingham, Phoebe H. ve Douglas J. Besharov, (2011), Introduction to the Workforce Investment Act, Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, ss.15-26.Dedeoğlu, Saniye, (2009), Eşitlik mi? Ayrımcılık mı? Türkiye'de Sosyal Devlet, Cinsiyet Eşitliği Politikaları ve Kadın İstihdamı, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, Cilt:2, Sayı:21, s.43.
  • Dhemba, Jotham (1999), Informal Sector Development: A Strategy for Alleviating Urban Poverty In Zimbabwe, Journal of Social Development In Africa, Cilt:14, Sayı:2, ss.5-19.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Policy Press, Oxford.
  • Ferrera, Maurizio (1996), The Southern Model of Welfare in Social Europe, Journal of European Social Policy, Cilt:6, Sayı:1, ss.17-37.
  • Fraisse, Laurent, (2002), Executive Summary: France, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers,, Sayı:24, ss.13-20.
  • Giertz, Anders (2004), Making the Poor Work: Social Assistance and Activation Programs In Sweden, Lund Disssertations In Social Work, Sayı:19, Lund University, İsveç, ss.34-35.
  • Gündoğan, Naci (2008) Türkiye’de Yoksulluk Ve Yoksullukla Mücadele, Ankara Sanayi Odası Yayınları, http://www.aso.org.tr/kurumsal/media/kaynak/TUR/asomedya/ocak-subat2008/Dosya. pdf, Erişim Tarihi 11.06.2018
  • Hacımahmutoğlu, Hande (2009), Türkiye'deki Sosyal Yardım Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Ankara, ss.42-43.
  • Hanesch, Walter, (1999), The Debate on Reforms of Social Assistance in Western Europe, Linking Welfare and Work, European Foundation, ss.77-78.
  • Holcomb, Pamela ve Burt S. Barnow, (2004), Serving People with Disabilities through the Workforce Insvestment Act's One Stop Career Centers, www.urban.org/Uploaded.PDF/411132-ONESTOP-Career-Centers.pdf. (10.02.2015).
  • Ijaia, Gaffar T. (1998), Alleviating Poverty in Nigeria: Investing in Education as A Necessary Recipe, Ilorin Journal of Education, Cilt:18, Sayı:1, ss.125-131.
  • İlter, Ozan, (2009), Sosyal Yardım Alanında SYDV ve STK İşbirliği, Sorunlar, Çözüm Önerileri, Sosyal Yardım Uzmanlık Tezi, SYDGM, Ankara.
  • Jacobs, Didier, (1998), Social Welfare Systems in East Asia: A Comperative Analysis Including Private Welfare, Cenfre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, London, Research Paper, Sayı:10, s.69.
  • Kaya, Ersin (2009), Yoksullukla Mücadelede Avrupa'nın ve Türkiye'nin Sosyal Yardım Modeli, Sosyal Yardım Uzmanlık Tezi, T.C. Başbakanlık Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, s.88.
  • Kındal, Nanna (2001), Workfare Tendencies in Scandinavian Welfare Policies, International Labour Office, Cenova, s.10.
  • Kobayashi, Hayato, (2014), The Future of the Public Assistance Reform In Japan: Workfare Versus Basic Income, Basic Income In Japan, Prospects for a Radical Idea in A Transforming Welfare State, Yannick VANDERBORGHT ve Toru YAMAMORI, (Ed.), Macmillan, New York, ss.83-100.
  • Kol, Emre, (2014), Refah Rejimleri Açısından Sağlık Sistemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Güney Avrupa Refah Modeli ve Türkiye, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, Sayı:10, s.134.
  • Konradi, Amanda ve Martha Schmidt, (2004), Reading Between The Lines, 3. Baskı, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, ss.143-144.
  • Köse, Begüm (2009), Sosyal Bir Problem Olarak Yoksulluk, Sosyal Problemler Sosyolojisi, Dünyadan ve Türkiye'den Örnekler, Nursen ADAK, (Ed.), Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, ss.235-241.
  • Leete, Laura ve Neil Bania, (2003), Workforce Investment Act Service Delivery: The Case of Oregon, Williamette University Public Policy Research Center, Salem Oregon, USA, s.6.
  • Leisering, Lutz, (2010), Social Assistance in Developed and Developing Countries A Case of Global Policy, Financial Assistance Land Policy and Global Social Rights, Working Paper, Sayı:4, Dortmund, ss.9-17.
  • Murrugarra, Edmundo, (2001), Employability and Productivity Among Older Workers: A Policy Framework and Evidence From Latin America, Social Protection & Labor Discussion Paper, Sayı:1113.
  • Nelson, Kenneth (2007), Social Assistance Developments and Means-Tested Minumum Income Protection in the Developed World 1990-2005, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm, s.5.
  • Ngok, Kinglun vd., (2011), Workfare In Mainland China, A Reaction to Welfare Dependency?, Welfare Reform in East Asia, Towards Workfare?, Chak Kwan CHAN ve Kinglun NGOK, (Ed.), Routledge, Canada, ss.26-27.
  • Ogwumike, Fidelis O. (2002), An Appraisal of Poverty Reduction Strategies in Nigeria, CBN Economic and Financial Review, Cilt:39, Sayı:4, ss.1-17.
  • Pena, Paola, (2014), The Politics of the Diffusion of Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin Amerika, The University of Manchester, Brooks World Poverty Institute, Working Paper, Sayı:201, UK, s.16.
  • Pogge, Thomas (2002), Küresel Yoksulluk ve İnsan Hakları, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.11-18.
  • Sarder, Mostafizur Rahman ve Golzare Nabi, (2012), Dynamics of Micro Finance Programs in Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: Present Status Challenges and Policy Actions, Research Report. Bangladesh Bank, Motijheel, s.9.
  • Soares, Fabia Veras ve Elydia Silva, (2010), Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Gender Vulnerabilities in Latin America, Case Studies from Brazil, Chile and Colombia, Overseas Development Institute, London, ss.30-31.
  • Spies, Henk (2002), Executive Summary: The Netherlands, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers, Sayı:24, ss.29-35.
  • Stafford, Bruce vd., (2002), Executive Summary: UK, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers, Sayı:24, ss.51-52.
  • Stampini, Marco ve Leopoldo Tornarolli, (2012), The Growth of Conditional Cash Transfers In Latin America and the Caribbean: Did They Go Too Far?, IZA Policy Paper, Sayı:49, s.19.
  • Storen, Duke ve K. A. Dixon, (1999) The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 A Primer for People with Disabilities, John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey https://labor.ny.gov/workforcenypartners/PDFs/WIA-Primer-Disabilities.pdf
  • Taşçı, Faruk (2013), Refah Devleti Modelleri İçinde Türkiye'nin Pozisyonu: Yaşlı Algısı Üzerinden Değerlendirmeler, İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi, Cilt:3, Sayı:5, ss.5-35.
  • Tutulmaz, Yonca Saka, (2008), Toplumsal Riskler ve Refah Devletleri, T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı Bülteni, Sayı:17, ss.7-9.
  • Uğurer, Seçil Göksen (2012), The Unemployment Problem and Employment Creation Strategies In Turkey, A Comperative Perspective, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, ss.148-160.
  • UN (2011) Infrastructure For Economic Development and Poverty Reduction In Africa , UN Habitat Raporu, Kenya, ss.62-67.
  • Ünal, Fatma Gül (2010), Yoksulluğu Azaltma Stratejilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: Türkiye İçin Çıkarılacak Dersler, Uluslararası Yoksullukla Mücadele Stratejileri Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Başbakanlık SYDGM Yayını, Cilt:2, 13-15 Ekim 2010, İstanbul, s.325.
  • Voges, Wolfgang ve Jörg Lemnitzer, (2002), Executive Summary: German, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers, Sayı:24, ss.21-27.
  • Yahaya K. A. vd., (2011), Effectiveness Of Microfinance Banks in Alleviating Poverty in Kwara State Nigeria, Global Journal of Management And Business Research, Cilt:11, Sayı:4, s.15.
  • http://cdc.org.sg/index.php?option=comcontent&view=article&id=78Itemid=18. (15.02.2015).
  • http://www.bizlink.org.sg/index.php/for-people-with-disabilities/employment-placement. (18.02.2015).
  • http://www.mendaki.org.sg/search.aspx?q=skill%20training%20loan. (10.02.2015).
  • http:/Iged.gov.bd/php?projectid=p0035. (15.02.2015).
  • www.channelnewsia.com. (21.11.2014).
  • www.mofdm.gov.bd/100%20day%20egp.pdf. (17.02.2015) .
  • www.rmi-fr.com. (21.02.2015).

Conditional Social Aids Employment Related in Struggle Against Poverty: A Global Analysis

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 59, 105 - 122, 31.01.2019

Öz

Nowadays, “Social Aid Practices”
are one of the most important element of public policy that contries consult
for struggle against poverty. On a global scale, “Social Aid Practices” aren’t
scatter as a standart practies between countries and regions. These Practices
are influenced significantly by the economic, political, social and cultural
characteristics of the countries and geographies that they are applied.



This study focuses on the country
practices in Africa, America, Asia and Europe continents of employment-based
social aids which is type of conditional social aid. It is evaluated that many
World countries questioning social aid systems and instruments have restructure
the social aid instruments since 1990s in a manner that serve multiple
purposes. In addition, the practices of North America and Europe continent are
considered as “developed” and the applications of Asia, Africa and South
America countries are considered as “developing”.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, Ferhat, (2008), ''Sosyal Yardımdan Sosyal Sigortaya: Bismarckyan ve İngiltere Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemlerinin Tarihsel Dönüşümü'', Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt:1, Sayı:5, ss.58-70.
  • Barbier, Jean Claude, (2001), Welfare to Work Policies in Europe, The Current Challenges and Activation Policies, http://www.cee-recherche.fr., ss.13-14. (20.02.2015).
  • Barnow, Burt S. ve Christopher T.King, (2005), The Workforce Investment Act in Eight States, U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration, The Nelson A.Rockefeller Institute of Government.
  • Berqvist, Kersti vd., (2013), Understanding The Role of Welfare State Characteristics for Health and Inequalities: An Analytical Review, BMC Public Health, Cilt:13, Sayı:1234, ss.7-8.
  • Cairl, Tim vd., (2013), The Workforce Investment Act in Georgia: Recommendations for Improvement, Capstone Final Report 2013, Georgia Budget & Policy Institute, s.18.
  • CDAC Workfare Programme: Singapore, http://www.cdac.org.sg/programmes/families/cdac-workfare-programme. (17.03.2015).
  • Chang, Chin-Fen, (2011), Workfare In Taiwan, From Social Assistance to Unemployment Absorber, Welfare Reform In East Asia Towards Workfare?, Chak Kwan CHAN ve Kinglun NGOK, (Ed.), Routledge, Canada, ss.78-99.
  • Coady, David (2003), Alleviating Structural Poverty In Developing Countries: The Approach of Progresa In Mexico, International Food Policy Research Institute, ss.1-28.
  • Cottingham, Phoebe H. ve Douglas J. Besharov, (2011), Introduction to the Workforce Investment Act, Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, ss.15-26.Dedeoğlu, Saniye, (2009), Eşitlik mi? Ayrımcılık mı? Türkiye'de Sosyal Devlet, Cinsiyet Eşitliği Politikaları ve Kadın İstihdamı, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, Cilt:2, Sayı:21, s.43.
  • Dhemba, Jotham (1999), Informal Sector Development: A Strategy for Alleviating Urban Poverty In Zimbabwe, Journal of Social Development In Africa, Cilt:14, Sayı:2, ss.5-19.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Policy Press, Oxford.
  • Ferrera, Maurizio (1996), The Southern Model of Welfare in Social Europe, Journal of European Social Policy, Cilt:6, Sayı:1, ss.17-37.
  • Fraisse, Laurent, (2002), Executive Summary: France, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers,, Sayı:24, ss.13-20.
  • Giertz, Anders (2004), Making the Poor Work: Social Assistance and Activation Programs In Sweden, Lund Disssertations In Social Work, Sayı:19, Lund University, İsveç, ss.34-35.
  • Gündoğan, Naci (2008) Türkiye’de Yoksulluk Ve Yoksullukla Mücadele, Ankara Sanayi Odası Yayınları, http://www.aso.org.tr/kurumsal/media/kaynak/TUR/asomedya/ocak-subat2008/Dosya. pdf, Erişim Tarihi 11.06.2018
  • Hacımahmutoğlu, Hande (2009), Türkiye'deki Sosyal Yardım Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Ankara, ss.42-43.
  • Hanesch, Walter, (1999), The Debate on Reforms of Social Assistance in Western Europe, Linking Welfare and Work, European Foundation, ss.77-78.
  • Holcomb, Pamela ve Burt S. Barnow, (2004), Serving People with Disabilities through the Workforce Insvestment Act's One Stop Career Centers, www.urban.org/Uploaded.PDF/411132-ONESTOP-Career-Centers.pdf. (10.02.2015).
  • Ijaia, Gaffar T. (1998), Alleviating Poverty in Nigeria: Investing in Education as A Necessary Recipe, Ilorin Journal of Education, Cilt:18, Sayı:1, ss.125-131.
  • İlter, Ozan, (2009), Sosyal Yardım Alanında SYDV ve STK İşbirliği, Sorunlar, Çözüm Önerileri, Sosyal Yardım Uzmanlık Tezi, SYDGM, Ankara.
  • Jacobs, Didier, (1998), Social Welfare Systems in East Asia: A Comperative Analysis Including Private Welfare, Cenfre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, London, Research Paper, Sayı:10, s.69.
  • Kaya, Ersin (2009), Yoksullukla Mücadelede Avrupa'nın ve Türkiye'nin Sosyal Yardım Modeli, Sosyal Yardım Uzmanlık Tezi, T.C. Başbakanlık Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, s.88.
  • Kındal, Nanna (2001), Workfare Tendencies in Scandinavian Welfare Policies, International Labour Office, Cenova, s.10.
  • Kobayashi, Hayato, (2014), The Future of the Public Assistance Reform In Japan: Workfare Versus Basic Income, Basic Income In Japan, Prospects for a Radical Idea in A Transforming Welfare State, Yannick VANDERBORGHT ve Toru YAMAMORI, (Ed.), Macmillan, New York, ss.83-100.
  • Kol, Emre, (2014), Refah Rejimleri Açısından Sağlık Sistemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Güney Avrupa Refah Modeli ve Türkiye, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, Sayı:10, s.134.
  • Konradi, Amanda ve Martha Schmidt, (2004), Reading Between The Lines, 3. Baskı, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, ss.143-144.
  • Köse, Begüm (2009), Sosyal Bir Problem Olarak Yoksulluk, Sosyal Problemler Sosyolojisi, Dünyadan ve Türkiye'den Örnekler, Nursen ADAK, (Ed.), Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, ss.235-241.
  • Leete, Laura ve Neil Bania, (2003), Workforce Investment Act Service Delivery: The Case of Oregon, Williamette University Public Policy Research Center, Salem Oregon, USA, s.6.
  • Leisering, Lutz, (2010), Social Assistance in Developed and Developing Countries A Case of Global Policy, Financial Assistance Land Policy and Global Social Rights, Working Paper, Sayı:4, Dortmund, ss.9-17.
  • Murrugarra, Edmundo, (2001), Employability and Productivity Among Older Workers: A Policy Framework and Evidence From Latin America, Social Protection & Labor Discussion Paper, Sayı:1113.
  • Nelson, Kenneth (2007), Social Assistance Developments and Means-Tested Minumum Income Protection in the Developed World 1990-2005, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm, s.5.
  • Ngok, Kinglun vd., (2011), Workfare In Mainland China, A Reaction to Welfare Dependency?, Welfare Reform in East Asia, Towards Workfare?, Chak Kwan CHAN ve Kinglun NGOK, (Ed.), Routledge, Canada, ss.26-27.
  • Ogwumike, Fidelis O. (2002), An Appraisal of Poverty Reduction Strategies in Nigeria, CBN Economic and Financial Review, Cilt:39, Sayı:4, ss.1-17.
  • Pena, Paola, (2014), The Politics of the Diffusion of Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin Amerika, The University of Manchester, Brooks World Poverty Institute, Working Paper, Sayı:201, UK, s.16.
  • Pogge, Thomas (2002), Küresel Yoksulluk ve İnsan Hakları, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.11-18.
  • Sarder, Mostafizur Rahman ve Golzare Nabi, (2012), Dynamics of Micro Finance Programs in Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: Present Status Challenges and Policy Actions, Research Report. Bangladesh Bank, Motijheel, s.9.
  • Soares, Fabia Veras ve Elydia Silva, (2010), Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Gender Vulnerabilities in Latin America, Case Studies from Brazil, Chile and Colombia, Overseas Development Institute, London, ss.30-31.
  • Spies, Henk (2002), Executive Summary: The Netherlands, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers, Sayı:24, ss.29-35.
  • Stafford, Bruce vd., (2002), Executive Summary: UK, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers, Sayı:24, ss.51-52.
  • Stampini, Marco ve Leopoldo Tornarolli, (2012), The Growth of Conditional Cash Transfers In Latin America and the Caribbean: Did They Go Too Far?, IZA Policy Paper, Sayı:49, s.19.
  • Storen, Duke ve K. A. Dixon, (1999) The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 A Primer for People with Disabilities, John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey https://labor.ny.gov/workforcenypartners/PDFs/WIA-Primer-Disabilities.pdf
  • Taşçı, Faruk (2013), Refah Devleti Modelleri İçinde Türkiye'nin Pozisyonu: Yaşlı Algısı Üzerinden Değerlendirmeler, İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi, Cilt:3, Sayı:5, ss.5-35.
  • Tutulmaz, Yonca Saka, (2008), Toplumsal Riskler ve Refah Devletleri, T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı Bülteni, Sayı:17, ss.7-9.
  • Uğurer, Seçil Göksen (2012), The Unemployment Problem and Employment Creation Strategies In Turkey, A Comperative Perspective, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, ss.148-160.
  • UN (2011) Infrastructure For Economic Development and Poverty Reduction In Africa , UN Habitat Raporu, Kenya, ss.62-67.
  • Ünal, Fatma Gül (2010), Yoksulluğu Azaltma Stratejilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: Türkiye İçin Çıkarılacak Dersler, Uluslararası Yoksullukla Mücadele Stratejileri Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Başbakanlık SYDGM Yayını, Cilt:2, 13-15 Ekim 2010, İstanbul, s.325.
  • Voges, Wolfgang ve Jörg Lemnitzer, (2002), Executive Summary: German, Workfare In Six European Nations Finding From Evaluations and Recommodations for Future Development, Ivar LODEMEL, (Ed.), Fafo Papers, Sayı:24, ss.21-27.
  • Yahaya K. A. vd., (2011), Effectiveness Of Microfinance Banks in Alleviating Poverty in Kwara State Nigeria, Global Journal of Management And Business Research, Cilt:11, Sayı:4, s.15.
  • http://cdc.org.sg/index.php?option=comcontent&view=article&id=78Itemid=18. (15.02.2015).
  • http://www.bizlink.org.sg/index.php/for-people-with-disabilities/employment-placement. (18.02.2015).
  • http://www.mendaki.org.sg/search.aspx?q=skill%20training%20loan. (10.02.2015).
  • http:/Iged.gov.bd/php?projectid=p0035. (15.02.2015).
  • www.channelnewsia.com. (21.11.2014).
  • www.mofdm.gov.bd/100%20day%20egp.pdf. (17.02.2015) .
  • www.rmi-fr.com. (21.02.2015).
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Yılmaz 0000-0003-3711-6915

Yaşar Aksanyar Bu kişi benim

Tahsin Güler 0000-0002-7729-5172

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 59

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, A., Aksanyar, Y., & Güler, T. (2019). YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(59), 105-122.
AMA Yılmaz A, Aksanyar Y, Güler T. YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Ocak 2019;(59):105-122.
Chicago Yılmaz, Abdullah, Yaşar Aksanyar, ve Tahsin Güler. “YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 59 (Ocak 2019): 105-22.
EndNote Yılmaz A, Aksanyar Y, Güler T (01 Ocak 2019) YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 59 105–122.
IEEE A. Yılmaz, Y. Aksanyar, ve T. Güler, “YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 59, ss. 105–122, Ocak 2019.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Abdullah vd. “YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 59 (Ocak 2019), 105-122.
JAMA Yılmaz A, Aksanyar Y, Güler T. YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;:105–122.
MLA Yılmaz, Abdullah vd. “YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 59, 2019, ss. 105-22.
Vancouver Yılmaz A, Aksanyar Y, Güler T. YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK İSTİHDAM BAĞLANTILI ŞARTLI SOSYAL YARDIMLAR: KÜRESEL BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019(59):105-22.

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