Görme Yetersizliği Olan Bireylerde Dokunsal İşleyen Bellek Stratejileri

Öz

Bellek genellikle, duyusal işlemci, kısa süreli (veya işleyen) bellek ve uzun süreli bellekten oluşan açık ve örtülü işleve sahip bir bilgi işleme sistemi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Duyusal işlemci, dış dünyadan gelen bilgilerin kimyasal ve fiziksel uyaranlar şeklinde algılanmasına ve çeşitli odak seviyelerine düzenlenmesinde önemli roller üstlenir. İşleyen bellek, algı, dikkat, bellek ve merkezi yönetici gibi eşit derecede ve karmaşık bileşenlerle birlikte çalışan dinamik bir süreçtir. Bilgileri geçici olarak tutabilen ve sınırlı kapasiteye sahip bir bellek sistemi olan işleyen bellek, karar verme ve davranışın yönlendirilmesi görevlerini yürütür. İşleyen belleğin bir bileşeni olan dokunsal (tactile) işleyen bellek, bireyin fiziksel ve sosyal ortama uyum sağlayarak duyusal bellekten gelen dokunsal bilgileri geçici olarak depolamasını ve işlemesini destekleyen sürekli bir süreç olarak tanımlar. Etkinliklerde dokunsal stratejiler (algısal, bilişsel, sosyal bilişsel) kullanılarak işleyen belleğin çalışma kapasitesi arttırılarak bireyin tanıdık olmayan, yeni veya karmaşık bir görevleri yerine getirirken sınırlı olan dikkat kapasitesini etkili kullanması sağlanabilir. Bu dokunsal stratejiler, görme yetisi olmayan bireylerin bilgileri etkili bir şekilde işleyerek uzun süreli bellekte bilginin kalıcılığını arttıran ve bu bilgileri istenildiği zaman kolayca çağrılmasını sağlayan stratejilerdir. Bu çalışmada bilgi işleme kuramında bellek sisteminin bir bileşeni olan işleyen belleğin alt bileşenleri ve görevleri incelenerek görme yetisi olmayan bireylere uygulanabilecek ve işleyen bellek kapasitesini arttırabilecek dokunsal stratejilere değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşleyen bellek
• Dokunsal işleyen bellek
• Kör bireyler
• Dokunsal stratejiler

Tactile Working Memory Strategies in Individuals with Visual Impairment

Öz

Kaynakça

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