Traditional Windcatchers of Şanlıurfa: The Surviving Examples of a Fading Tradition

Öz

Traditional living spaces in the Middle East are products of thousands of years of architectural inheritance. Architectural components developed to cope with extremely hot climate have an important place in this inheritance. Windcatchers, architectural components developed to ventilate and cool spaces since ancient times, are among the most remarkable examples of this inheritance. The aim of this study is to introduce, document and highlight the surviving examples of windcatchers (badgels) in Şanlıurfa. Within the scope of the study, firstly, relevant literature was scanned and information was collected from users about windcatchers by using interview technique. Then, windcatchers in Şanlıurfa were documented with drawings and photographs as part of a wider field study. As a result of the field study, it was determined that only three of the traditional houses in Şanlıurfa retain the original structure of the windcatchers. Apart from these, windcatchers in three houses and a defense structure, whose original structure or functionality is impaired are also presented within the scope of the study. It has been determined that windcatchers ventilate only the iwan unit in the houses whereas the windcatcher in the defense structure ventilate a room. In addition, a unique ventilation element, which is different in shape from the ventilation elements in other examples, has been determined within the scope of this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Badgel
• Windcatcher
• Spatial ventilation
• Traditional ventilation method
• Cooling chimney

Şanlıurfa’nın Geleneksel Rüzgâr Yakalayıcıları: Kaybolan Bir Geleneğin Günümüze Kadar Gelen Örnekleri

Öz

Orta Doğu’daki geleneksel yaşam alanları, binlerce yıllık mimari birikimin ürünleridir. Aşırı sıcak iklimle başa çıkmak için geliştirilen mimari ürünler, bu birikim içerisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Antik dönemlerden beri mekânları havalandırmak ve soğutmak için geliştirilen rüzgâr yakalayıcılar, bu birikim içinde en çok dikkat çeken örnekler arasındadır. Bu çalışmada amaç, Şanlıurfa’daki rüzgâr yakalayıcıların (badgeller) ayakta kalan örneklerini tanıtmak, belgelemek ve korunmada öncelikli olanlarını vurgulamaktır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle ilgili alanyazın taranmış ve görüşme tekniği kullanılarak rüzgâr yakalayıcılar hakkında kullanıcılardan bilgi toplanmıştır. Daha sonra, geniş bir alan çalışması kapsamında Şanlıurfa’daki rüzgâr yakalayıcıları çizim ve fotoğraflar ile belgelenmiştir. Alan çalışması sonucunda, Şanlıurfa’daki geleneksel evlerin sadece üçünde rüzgâr yakalayıcıların özgün yapısının korunduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunların dışında, üç evde ve bir savunma yapısında bulunan, orijinal yapısı ya da işlevselliği bozulmuş olan rüzgâr yakalayıcılar da çalışma kapsamında sunulmuştur. Rüzgâr yakalayıcıların, evlerde sadece eyvan birimini havalandırdığı saptanmıştır. Savunma yapısındaki rüzgâr yakalayıcının ise bir odayı havalandırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca diğer örneklerdeki havalandırma elemanlarından biçim olarak farklı olan özgün bir havalandırma elemanı da bu çalışma kapsamında belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Badgel
• Rüzgar yakalayıcı
• Mekansal havalandırma
• Geleneksel havalandırma yöntemi
• Soğutma bacası

Kaynakça

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