Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method and Its Advantages in Oil Seeds

Abstract

Seed oils are extracted industrially using mechanical pressing or organic solvents. In solvent extraction method, solvents are used to extract oil from oil seeds. In addition to the environmental concerns associated with the industrial use of such solvents, the need for high temperature and long extraction time is considered to be the disadvantage of solvent extraction. In recent years, alternative methods to solvent extraction have been examined. The results of these studies reveal that ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is one of the promising methods. Ultrasound application increases the mass transfer in liquid with acoustic cavitation force. The high degree of shear produced by explosive bubbles increases the penetration of the intracellular components into the solvent by damaging the cell walls. UAE method; is an effective method for preserving the structural and molecular properties of bioactive compounds by preventing thermal damage of extracts since it is applied with high efficiency and at low temperatures. Due to the listed advantages, it is an ideal choice in the oil industry. Ultrasonic applications stand out as a key technology in achieving the goal of sustainable green chemistry” and extraction. In the present study, the application areas of the UAE and its advantages over other methods have been compiled.

Keywords

• Ultrasound
• oilseed
• oil extraction
• green chemistry
• product

Yağlı Tohumlarda Ultrasonik-Destekli Ekstraksiyon Yöntemi ve Avantajları

Öz

Tohum yağları, endüstriyel olarak mekanik presleme veya organik çözücü kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmektedir. Endüstriyel olarak solvent ekstraksiyon aşamasında, tohumlardan yağ ekstrakte etmek için çözgenler kullanılmaktadır. Bu tür çözücülerin endüstriyel kullanımı ile ilgili çevresel kaygılara ek olarak, yüksek sıcaklık ve uzun ekstraksiyon zamanı gerektirmesi solvent ekstraksiyonunun dezavantajı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Son yıllarda solvent ekstraksiyonuna alternatif yöntemler denenmektedir. Bu çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar, ultrasonik-destekli ekstraksiyonun (UAE) umut verici yöntemlerden biri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ultrasound uygulaması akustik kavitasyon kuvveti ile sıvıdaki kütle transferini artırmaktadır. Patlayıcı kabarcıklar tarafından üretilen yüksek kayma derecesi, hücre duvarlarına zarar vererek hücre içi bileşenlerin çözücüye geçişini artırmaktadır. UAE yöntemi; hızlı, yüksek verimli ve düşük sıcaklıklarda uygulandığından ekstraktların termal zararlanmasını önleyerek biyoaktif bileşiklerin yapısal ve moleküler özelliklerinin korunumunda etkili bir yöntemdir. Sıralanan avantajları nedeni ile yağ endüstrisinde ideal bir seçenek oluşturmaktadır. Ultrasonik uygulamalar, sürdürülebilir “yeşil kimya” ve ekstraksiyon hedefine ulaşmada kilit bir teknoloji olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Mevcut çalışmada UAE’ nin uygulama alanları ile diğer yöntemlere kıyasla sahip olduğu avantajlar derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ultrasound
• yağlı tohum
• yağ ekstraksiyonu
• yeşil kimya
• kalite

Kaynakça

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