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Obezite ve Mikrobiyota Etkileşimlerine Genel Bakış

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 275 - 291, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.935513

Öz

Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, konakçıyla simbiyotik bir ilişki içindedir ve birçok fizyolojik olaya aracılık etmektedir. Bağırsak florasının dengesizliği olarak adlandırılan disbiyoz, obeziteyle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Disbiyoz, bağırsak geçirgenliğinin artmasına neden olmaktadır, böylece sistemik dolaşımda lipopolisakkarit seviyeleri yükselmekte ve inflamasyon gelişmektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bir diğer rolü ise diyetten enerji ekstraksiyonunu ve endokannabinoid sistemi modüle etmesidir. Bununla birlikte bağışıklıkla etkileşim halindedir. Obezitede görülen inflamasyon, artmış endokannabinoid sistem aktivitesi, bağırsak ve bağışıklık değişiklikleri; bağırsak mikrobiyotasını umut verici bir terapötik hedef yapmaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının, probiyotik, prebiyotik, egzersiz ve fonksiyonel besinler gibi bileşenlerle modülasyonunun, obezite ve obeziteyle ilişkili bozuklukları iyileştirmede güçlü bir yaklaşım olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, J. M., Mailing, L. J., Niemiro, G. M., Moore, R., Cook, M. D., White, B. A., et al. (2018). Exercise alters gut microbiota composition and function in lean and obese humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50(4), 747-57.
  • Araújo, J. R., Tomas, J., Brenner, C., & Sansonetti, P. J. (2017). Impact of high-fat diet on the intestinal microbiota and small intestinal physiology before and after the onset of obesity. Biochimie, 141, 97-106.
  • Avsar, O., Kuskucu, A., Sancak, S., Genc, E. (2017). Are dopaminergic genotypes risk factors for eating behavior and obesity in adults? Neurosci Lett. 27(654), 28-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.023.
  • Bakker, G. J., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2017). Relationship between gut microbiota, energy metabolism, and obesity. In The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (pp. 255-258). Academic Press.
  • Ballini, A., Scacco, S., Boccellino, M., Santacroce, L., & Arrigoni, R. (2020). Microbiota and Obesity: Where Are We Now?. Biology, 9(12), 415.
  • Bellenger, J., Bellenger, S., Bourragat, A., Escoula, Q., Weill, P., & Narce, M. (2021). Intestinal microbiota mediates the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during dietary obesity. OCL, 28, 21.
  • Biyong, E. F., Alfos, S., Dumetz, F., Helbling, J. C., Aubert, A., Brossaud, J., et al. (2021). Dietary vitamin A supplementation prevents early obesogenic diet-induced microbiota, neuronal and cognitive alterations. International Journal of Obesity, 45(3), 588-598.
  • Blaner, W. S. (2019). Vitamin A signaling and homeostasis in obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 197, 153-178.
  • Bruce-Keller, A. J., Salbaum, J. M., Luo, M., Blanchard IV, E., Taylor, C. M., Welsh, D. A., & Berthoud, H. R. (2015). Obese-type gut microbiota induce neurobehavioral changes in the absence of obesity. Biological psychiatry, 77(7), 607-615.
  • Cao, S. Y., Zhao, C. N., Xu, X. Y., Tang, G. Y., Corke, H., Gan, R. Y., & Li, H. B. (2019). Dietary plants, gut microbiota, and obesity: Effects and mechanisms. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 92, 194-204.
  • Clarke, S. F., Murphy, E. F., O'Sullivan, O., Lucey, A. J., Humphreys, M., Hogan, A., ... & Cotter, P. D. (2014). Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity. Gut, 63(12), 1913-1920.
  • Coelho, O. G. L., Cândido, F. G., & Alfenas, R. D. C. G. (2019). Dietary fat and gut microbiota: mechanisms involved in obesity control. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(19), 3045-3053.
  • Crovesy, L., Masterson, D., & Rosado, E. L. (2020). Profile of the gut microbiota of adults with obesity: a systematic review. European journal of clinical nutrition, 74(9), 1251-1262.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, A. Ç., Sorguven, E., Özilgen, M., & İnal, H. S. (2015). Lifespan entropy generated by the masseter muscles during chewing: an indicator of the life expectancy?. International Journal of Exergy, 18(1), 46-67.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, E., & Bayram, S. (2019). Comparison the work of breathing between healthy and obese by thermodynamic analysis. European Respiratory Journal; 54(63), PA753.; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA753.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, E., & Bayram, S. (2021). How does obesity affect bioenergetics in human respiratory muscles? Human Nutrition & Metabolism, 26, 200136 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2021.200136.
  • de Souza, A. Z. Z., Zambom, A. Z., Abboud, K. Y., Reis, S. K., Tannihão, F., Guadagnini, D.,et al (2015). Oral supplementation with L-glutamine alters gut microbiota of obese and overweight adults: A pilot study. Nutrition, 31(6), 884-889.
  • Dong, J. L., Zhu, Y. Y., Ma, Y. L., Xiang, Q. S., Shen, R. L., & Liu, Y. Q. (2016). Oat products modulate the gut microbiota and produce anti-obesity effects in obese rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 25, 408-420.
  • Ejtahed, H. S., Soroush, A. R., Siadat, S. D., Hoseini-Tavassol, Z., Larijani, B., & Hasani-Ranjbar, S. (2019). Targeting obesity management through gut microbiota modulation by herbal products: A systematic review. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42, 184-204.
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  • Fan, Y., & Pedersen, O. (2020). Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 1-17.
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Overview of Obesity and Microbiota Interactions

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 275 - 291, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.935513

Öz

The gut microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with its host and can help many physiological events. Dysbiosis, called imbalance of the gut microbial population, is associated with obesity. Dysbiosis causes increased intestinal permeability, so in the systemic circulation, lipopolysaccharide levels rise, and inflammation develops. Another role of the gut microbiota is that it modulates energy extraction from the diet and the endocannabinoid system. However, it interacts with immunity. Inflammation, increased endocannabinoid system activity, and intestinal and immune changes in obesity make the gut microbiota a promising treatment target in obesity. It is thought that modulation of the gut microbiota with components such as probiotics, prebiotics, exercise, and functional foods may be a powerful approach to improving obesity and obesity-related disorders.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, J. M., Mailing, L. J., Niemiro, G. M., Moore, R., Cook, M. D., White, B. A., et al. (2018). Exercise alters gut microbiota composition and function in lean and obese humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50(4), 747-57.
  • Araújo, J. R., Tomas, J., Brenner, C., & Sansonetti, P. J. (2017). Impact of high-fat diet on the intestinal microbiota and small intestinal physiology before and after the onset of obesity. Biochimie, 141, 97-106.
  • Avsar, O., Kuskucu, A., Sancak, S., Genc, E. (2017). Are dopaminergic genotypes risk factors for eating behavior and obesity in adults? Neurosci Lett. 27(654), 28-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.023.
  • Bakker, G. J., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2017). Relationship between gut microbiota, energy metabolism, and obesity. In The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (pp. 255-258). Academic Press.
  • Ballini, A., Scacco, S., Boccellino, M., Santacroce, L., & Arrigoni, R. (2020). Microbiota and Obesity: Where Are We Now?. Biology, 9(12), 415.
  • Bellenger, J., Bellenger, S., Bourragat, A., Escoula, Q., Weill, P., & Narce, M. (2021). Intestinal microbiota mediates the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during dietary obesity. OCL, 28, 21.
  • Biyong, E. F., Alfos, S., Dumetz, F., Helbling, J. C., Aubert, A., Brossaud, J., et al. (2021). Dietary vitamin A supplementation prevents early obesogenic diet-induced microbiota, neuronal and cognitive alterations. International Journal of Obesity, 45(3), 588-598.
  • Blaner, W. S. (2019). Vitamin A signaling and homeostasis in obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 197, 153-178.
  • Bruce-Keller, A. J., Salbaum, J. M., Luo, M., Blanchard IV, E., Taylor, C. M., Welsh, D. A., & Berthoud, H. R. (2015). Obese-type gut microbiota induce neurobehavioral changes in the absence of obesity. Biological psychiatry, 77(7), 607-615.
  • Cao, S. Y., Zhao, C. N., Xu, X. Y., Tang, G. Y., Corke, H., Gan, R. Y., & Li, H. B. (2019). Dietary plants, gut microbiota, and obesity: Effects and mechanisms. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 92, 194-204.
  • Clarke, S. F., Murphy, E. F., O'Sullivan, O., Lucey, A. J., Humphreys, M., Hogan, A., ... & Cotter, P. D. (2014). Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity. Gut, 63(12), 1913-1920.
  • Coelho, O. G. L., Cândido, F. G., & Alfenas, R. D. C. G. (2019). Dietary fat and gut microbiota: mechanisms involved in obesity control. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(19), 3045-3053.
  • Crovesy, L., Masterson, D., & Rosado, E. L. (2020). Profile of the gut microbiota of adults with obesity: a systematic review. European journal of clinical nutrition, 74(9), 1251-1262.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, A. Ç., Sorguven, E., Özilgen, M., & İnal, H. S. (2015). Lifespan entropy generated by the masseter muscles during chewing: an indicator of the life expectancy?. International Journal of Exergy, 18(1), 46-67.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, E., & Bayram, S. (2019). Comparison the work of breathing between healthy and obese by thermodynamic analysis. European Respiratory Journal; 54(63), PA753.; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA753.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, E., & Bayram, S. (2021). How does obesity affect bioenergetics in human respiratory muscles? Human Nutrition & Metabolism, 26, 200136 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2021.200136.
  • de Souza, A. Z. Z., Zambom, A. Z., Abboud, K. Y., Reis, S. K., Tannihão, F., Guadagnini, D.,et al (2015). Oral supplementation with L-glutamine alters gut microbiota of obese and overweight adults: A pilot study. Nutrition, 31(6), 884-889.
  • Dong, J. L., Zhu, Y. Y., Ma, Y. L., Xiang, Q. S., Shen, R. L., & Liu, Y. Q. (2016). Oat products modulate the gut microbiota and produce anti-obesity effects in obese rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 25, 408-420.
  • Ejtahed, H. S., Soroush, A. R., Siadat, S. D., Hoseini-Tavassol, Z., Larijani, B., & Hasani-Ranjbar, S. (2019). Targeting obesity management through gut microbiota modulation by herbal products: A systematic review. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42, 184-204.
  • Everard, A., & Cani, P. D. (2013). Diabetes, obesity and gut microbiota. Best practice & research Clinical gastroenterology, 27(1), 73-83.
  • Faintuch, J., & Faintuch, S. (Eds.). (2019). Microbiome and Metabolome in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Other Strategic Applications. Academic Press.
  • Fan, Y., & Pedersen, O. (2020). Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 1-17.
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  • Nagano, T., & Yano, H. (2020). Dietary cellulose nanofiber modulates obesity and gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 22, 100214.
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  • Pascale, A., Marchesi, N., Govoni, S., Coppola, A., & Gazzaruso, C. (2019). The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases. Current opinion in pharmacology, 49, 1-5.
  • Petriz, B. A., Castro, A. P., Almeida, J. A., Gomes, C. P., Fernandes, G. R., Kruger, R. H., et al. (2014). Exercise induction of gut microbiota modifications in obese, non-obese and hypertensive rats. BMC genomics, 15(1), 1-13.
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  • Çatak, J. (2020). Quantitative Analyses of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Compounds in FrenchFry Samples by HPLC Using 4-Nitro-1, 2-Phenlenediamine as A Derivatizing Reagent. International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews, 4(1), 20-24.
  • Çatak, J., Develi, E., & Bayram, S. (2021a). How does obesity affect bioenergetics in human respiratory muscles? Human Nutrition & Metabolism, 26, 200136 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2021.200136.
  • Çatak, J., Demirci, A. & Yaman, M. "Besin Alerjileri ve Mikrobiyota." Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 27 (2021b): 902-910.
  • Monda, V., Villano, I., Messina, A., Valenzano, A., Esposito, T., Moscatelli, F., ... & Messina, G. (2017). Exercise modifies the gut microbiota with positive health effects. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017, 1-8.
  • Avsar, O., Kuskucu, A., Sancak, S., Genc, E. (2017). Are dopaminergic genotypes risk factors for eating behavior and obesity in adults? Neurosci Lett. 27(654), 28-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.023.
  • Torres-Fuentes, C., Schellekens, H., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). The microbiota–gut–brain axis in obesity. The lancet Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2(10), 747-756.
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Jale Çatak 0000-0002-2718-0967

Esra Yıldırım 0000-0001-5094-5828

Nureslem Memiş 0000-0002-8360-7865

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

APA Çatak, J., Yıldırım, E., & Memiş, N. (2021). Obezite ve Mikrobiyota Etkileşimlerine Genel Bakış. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(31), 275-291. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.935513