Utilization of Alice Software in Teaching Programming Language
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 187 - 206, 31.07.2018
Ceren Baştemur Kaya
Hasan Çakır
Öz
Learning a programming language is a difficult and complicated process. It has been seen that the use of visualization tools has increased to decrease the complexity of learning programming. One of the visualization tools used for this purpose is Alice software. This study investigates the use of Alice software in learning Java programming language. The study group consists of 20 students who study at the 2nd year of vocational schools, department of computer technologies. The study was carried out five weeks to be four hours in a week and it was applied for 20 hours in total. The courses were realized using Gagne’s nine events of instruction model. Reflections were collected from the students in every other week. Descriptive case study method was utilized in the study and the data were analyzed using content analysis method. When the results were examined, it is seen that the students have stated that the computers freeze due to the high hardware requirements of the Alice program. Despite that, It is observed that Alice program helped learning the coding logic, increased interest in programming and made programming fun. It is thought that use of Alice software can be beneficial for better understanding of programming logic.
Kaynakça
- Aktunc, O. (2013). A teaching methodology for introductory programming courses using Alice. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 3(1), 350-353.
- Al-Linjawi, A. A., & Al-Nuaim, H. A. (2010). Using Alice to teach novice programmers OOP concepts. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science, 22(1), 59-68.
- Baştemur Kaya, C., & Çakır, H. (2015). Meslek yüksekokulu bilgisayar teknolojileri bölümü öğrencilerinin mesleki bilgi ve kariyer yeterlilikleri: İhtiyaç analizi. 9th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium' da sunulmuş bildiri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar.
- Biju, S. M. (2013). Taking advantage of Alice to teach programming concepts. E-Learning and Digital Media, 10(1), 22-29.
- Binici, H., & Necdet, A. (2004). Mesleki ve teknik eğitimde arayışlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 383-396.
- Bishop-Clark, C., Courte, J., Evans, D., & Howard, E. V. (2007). A quantitative and qualitative investigation of using Alice programming to improve confidence, enjoyment and achievement among non-majors. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 37(2), 193-207.
- Clements, D. H., & Gullo, D. F. (1984). Effects of computer programming on young children's cognition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(6), 1051-1058.
- Cliburn, D. C. (2008). Student opinions of Alice in CS1. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2008. FIE 2008. 38th Annual.
- Cohen, L., & Manion, K. (2000). Action research. In L. Cohen, L. Manion & K. Morrison (Eds.), Research methods in education (5 ed., pp. 226-244). London: Routledge-Falmer.
- Cooper, S., Dann, W., & Pausch, R. (2000). Alice: a 3-D tool for introductory programming concepts. Paper presented at the Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges.
- Cooper, S., Dann, W., & Pausch, R. (2003). Using animated 3d graphics to prepare novices for CS1. Computer Science Education, 13(1), 3-30.
- Courte, J., Howard, E. V., & Bishop-Clark, C. (2006). Using Alice in a computer science survey course. Information Systems Education Journal, 4(87). http://isedj.org/4/87/. ISSN: 1545-679X. (A preliminary version appears in The Proceedings of ISECON 2005: §2133. ISSN: 1542-7382.)
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Los Angeles: Sage publications.
- Daly, T. (2011). Minimizing to maximize: an initial attempt at teaching introductory programming using Alice. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 26(5), 23-30.
- Daly, T. (2011). Minimizing to maximize: an initial attempt at teaching introductory programming using Alice. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 26(5), 23-30.
- Feurzeig, W., Papet, S. A., & Lawler, B. (2011). Programming-languages as a conceptual framework for teaching mathematics. Interactive Learning Environments, 19(5), 487-501.
- Gagné, R. (1985). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction . Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston: Inc.
- Gorman, H., & Bourne, L. E. (1983). Learning to think by learning LOGO: Rule learning in third-grade computer programmers. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 21(3), 165-167.
- Hayat, K., Al-Shukaili, N. A., & Sultan, K. (2017). Alice in Oman. Education and Information Technologies, 22(4), 1553-1569.
- Howard, E. V., Evans, D., Courte, J., & Bishop-Clark, C. (2006). A qualitative look at Alice and pair-programming. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ISECON 2006.
- Johnsgard, K., & McDonald, J. (2008). Using alice in overview courses to improve success rates in programming i. Paper presented at the Software Engineering Education and Training, 2008. CSEET'08. IEEE 21st Conference on.
- Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2014). Onuncu kalkınma planı 2014-2018 mesleki eğitimin yeniden yapılandırılması çalışma grubu raporu. https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ois/egitim/022.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir.
- Kayabaşı, E. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarının Alice deneyimi: 3B ortamda programlama. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
- K ölling, M. (2010). The greenfoot programming environment. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), 10(4), Article 14. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1868358.1868361.
- Kölling, M., Quig, B., Patterson, A., & Rosenberg, J. (2003). The BlueJ system and its pedagogy. Computer Science Education, 13(4), 249-268.
- Liu, J., Lin, C.-H., Hasson, E. P., & Barnett, Z. D. (2011). Introducing computer science to K-12 through a summer computing workshop for teachers. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 42nd ACM technical symposium on Computer science education.
- McMillan, J. H. (1996). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
- Merriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (S. Turan, Çev.). Ankara:Nobel Yayınevi.
- National Research Council. (1999). Being fluent with information technology. Washington:DC, USA: National Academies Press.
- Öğrenci Seçme ve Yerleştirme Sistemi (2011). 2011-ösys: yükseköğretim programları ve kontenjanları kılavuzu. http://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,1092/2011-osys-yuksekogretim-programlari-ve-kontenjanlari-kilavuzu.html sayfasından erişilmiştir.
- Papert, S. (1993). The children's machine: Rethinking school in the age of the computer. New York: BasicBooks.
- Powers, K., Ecott, S., & Hirshfield, L. M. (2007). Through the looking glass: teaching CS0 with Alice. ACM Sigcse Bulletin, 39(1), 213-217.
- Partnership for 21st Century Skills [P21] (2009). P21 framework definitions. http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/P21_Framework_Definitions.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir.
- Price, K. W. (2013). Using visual technologies in the introductory programming courses for computer science majors. United States: Nova Southeastern University.
- Resnick, M. (1990). MultiLogo: A study of children and concurrent programming. Interactive Learning Environments, 1(3), 153-170.
- Resnick, M. (2013). Learn to code, code to learn. EdSurge, May. Retrieved from https://www.edsurge.com/news/2013-05-08-learn-to-code-code-to-learn
- Resnick, M., Flanagan, M., Kelleher, C., MacLaurin, M., Ohshima, Y., Perlin, K., & Torres, R. (2009). Growing up programming: democratizing the creation of dynamic, interactive media. Paper presented at the CHI'09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM.
- Resnick, M., Maloney, J., Monroy-Hernández, A., Rusk, N., Eastmond, E., Brennan, K., Millner, A., Rosenbaum, E., Silverman, B. & Kafai, Y. (2009). Scratch: programming for all. Communications of the ACM, 52(11), 60-67.
- Robins, A., Rountree, J., & Rountree, N. (2003). Learning and teaching programming: A review and discussion. Computer Science Education, 13(2), 137-172.
- Saeli, M., Perrenet, J., Jochems, W. M., & Zwaneveld, B. (2011). Teaching programming in secondary school: a pedagogical content knowledge perspective. Informatics in Education, 10(1), 73-88.
- Schultz, L. A. (2011). Student perceptions of instructional tools in programming logic: A comparison of traditional versus Alice teaching environments. Information Systems Education Journal, 9(1), 60-66.
- Solmaz, E. (2014). Programlama dili öğretiminde Alice yazılımının ders başarısı, eleştirel düşünme ve problem çözme becerileri ile üstbilişsel farkındalık düzeyine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Şahin, İ., & Fındık, T. (2008). Türkiye’de mesleki ve teknik eğitim: Mevcut durum, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(3), 65-86.
- Ünal, E., & Çakır, H. (2016). İşbirlikli teknolojilerle desteklenen yapılandırmacı öğrenme ortamının akademik uğraşıya etkisi. Journal of Instructional Technologies & Teacher Education, 5(1), 13-18.
- Wang, T.-C., Mei, W.-H., Lin, S.-L., Chiu, S.-K., & Lin, J. M.-C. (2009). Teaching programming concepts to high school students with alice. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2009. FIE'09. 39th IEEE.
- Werner, L., Denner, J., Bliesner, M., & Rex, P. (2009). Can middle-schoolers use Storytelling Alice to make games?: results of a pilot study. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on foundations of digital games.
- Zhang, X., Liu, L., de Pablos, P. O., & She, J. (2014). The auxiliary role of information technology in teaching: Enhancing programming course using Alice. International Journal of Engineering Education, 30(3), 560-565.
Programlama Dili Öğretiminde Alice Programının Kullanım Sürecinin İncelenmesi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 187 - 206, 31.07.2018
Ceren Baştemur Kaya
Hasan Çakır
Öz
Programlama öğrenimi zor ve karmaşık bir süreçtir. Programlama öğreniminin karmaşıklığını azaltmak amacıyla görselleştirme araçlarının kullanımının arttığı görülmektedir. Bu görselleştirme araçlarından biri de Alice programıdır. Çalışma kapsamında Java programlama dili öğreniminde Alice programının kullanım süreci incelenmiştir. Çalışma grubu, meslek yüksekokulu bilgisayar teknolojileri bölümü 2. sınıfta öğrenim gören 20 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma haftada dört saat olmak üzere beş hafta sürmüş ve toplamda 20 saat uygulanmıştır. Gagne'nin dokuz aşamalı öğretim modeli kullanılarak dersler yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilerden iki haftada bir değerlendirme notu toplanmıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı durum çalışması kullanılmış ve veriler içerik analizi yönetimi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde öğrencilerin; Alice programının donanım gereksinimlerinin yüksek olması nedeniyle bilgisayarda kilitlenmelerin yaşandığını ancak Alice programının kod mantığını öğrenmeye yardımcı olduğunu, programlamaya olan ilgiyi arttırdığını ve programlamayı eğlenceli hale getirdiğini belirttikleri görülmektedir. Programlama mantığının daha iyi anlaşılması için Alice programının kullanılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Aktunc, O. (2013). A teaching methodology for introductory programming courses using Alice. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 3(1), 350-353.
- Al-Linjawi, A. A., & Al-Nuaim, H. A. (2010). Using Alice to teach novice programmers OOP concepts. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science, 22(1), 59-68.
- Baştemur Kaya, C., & Çakır, H. (2015). Meslek yüksekokulu bilgisayar teknolojileri bölümü öğrencilerinin mesleki bilgi ve kariyer yeterlilikleri: İhtiyaç analizi. 9th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium' da sunulmuş bildiri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar.
- Biju, S. M. (2013). Taking advantage of Alice to teach programming concepts. E-Learning and Digital Media, 10(1), 22-29.
- Binici, H., & Necdet, A. (2004). Mesleki ve teknik eğitimde arayışlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 383-396.
- Bishop-Clark, C., Courte, J., Evans, D., & Howard, E. V. (2007). A quantitative and qualitative investigation of using Alice programming to improve confidence, enjoyment and achievement among non-majors. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 37(2), 193-207.
- Clements, D. H., & Gullo, D. F. (1984). Effects of computer programming on young children's cognition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(6), 1051-1058.
- Cliburn, D. C. (2008). Student opinions of Alice in CS1. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2008. FIE 2008. 38th Annual.
- Cohen, L., & Manion, K. (2000). Action research. In L. Cohen, L. Manion & K. Morrison (Eds.), Research methods in education (5 ed., pp. 226-244). London: Routledge-Falmer.
- Cooper, S., Dann, W., & Pausch, R. (2000). Alice: a 3-D tool for introductory programming concepts. Paper presented at the Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges.
- Cooper, S., Dann, W., & Pausch, R. (2003). Using animated 3d graphics to prepare novices for CS1. Computer Science Education, 13(1), 3-30.
- Courte, J., Howard, E. V., & Bishop-Clark, C. (2006). Using Alice in a computer science survey course. Information Systems Education Journal, 4(87). http://isedj.org/4/87/. ISSN: 1545-679X. (A preliminary version appears in The Proceedings of ISECON 2005: §2133. ISSN: 1542-7382.)
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Los Angeles: Sage publications.
- Daly, T. (2011). Minimizing to maximize: an initial attempt at teaching introductory programming using Alice. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 26(5), 23-30.
- Daly, T. (2011). Minimizing to maximize: an initial attempt at teaching introductory programming using Alice. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 26(5), 23-30.
- Feurzeig, W., Papet, S. A., & Lawler, B. (2011). Programming-languages as a conceptual framework for teaching mathematics. Interactive Learning Environments, 19(5), 487-501.
- Gagné, R. (1985). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction . Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston: Inc.
- Gorman, H., & Bourne, L. E. (1983). Learning to think by learning LOGO: Rule learning in third-grade computer programmers. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 21(3), 165-167.
- Hayat, K., Al-Shukaili, N. A., & Sultan, K. (2017). Alice in Oman. Education and Information Technologies, 22(4), 1553-1569.
- Howard, E. V., Evans, D., Courte, J., & Bishop-Clark, C. (2006). A qualitative look at Alice and pair-programming. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ISECON 2006.
- Johnsgard, K., & McDonald, J. (2008). Using alice in overview courses to improve success rates in programming i. Paper presented at the Software Engineering Education and Training, 2008. CSEET'08. IEEE 21st Conference on.
- Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2014). Onuncu kalkınma planı 2014-2018 mesleki eğitimin yeniden yapılandırılması çalışma grubu raporu. https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ois/egitim/022.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir.
- Kayabaşı, E. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarının Alice deneyimi: 3B ortamda programlama. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
- K ölling, M. (2010). The greenfoot programming environment. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), 10(4), Article 14. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1868358.1868361.
- Kölling, M., Quig, B., Patterson, A., & Rosenberg, J. (2003). The BlueJ system and its pedagogy. Computer Science Education, 13(4), 249-268.
- Liu, J., Lin, C.-H., Hasson, E. P., & Barnett, Z. D. (2011). Introducing computer science to K-12 through a summer computing workshop for teachers. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 42nd ACM technical symposium on Computer science education.
- McMillan, J. H. (1996). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
- Merriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (S. Turan, Çev.). Ankara:Nobel Yayınevi.
- National Research Council. (1999). Being fluent with information technology. Washington:DC, USA: National Academies Press.
- Öğrenci Seçme ve Yerleştirme Sistemi (2011). 2011-ösys: yükseköğretim programları ve kontenjanları kılavuzu. http://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,1092/2011-osys-yuksekogretim-programlari-ve-kontenjanlari-kilavuzu.html sayfasından erişilmiştir.
- Papert, S. (1993). The children's machine: Rethinking school in the age of the computer. New York: BasicBooks.
- Powers, K., Ecott, S., & Hirshfield, L. M. (2007). Through the looking glass: teaching CS0 with Alice. ACM Sigcse Bulletin, 39(1), 213-217.
- Partnership for 21st Century Skills [P21] (2009). P21 framework definitions. http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/P21_Framework_Definitions.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir.
- Price, K. W. (2013). Using visual technologies in the introductory programming courses for computer science majors. United States: Nova Southeastern University.
- Resnick, M. (1990). MultiLogo: A study of children and concurrent programming. Interactive Learning Environments, 1(3), 153-170.
- Resnick, M. (2013). Learn to code, code to learn. EdSurge, May. Retrieved from https://www.edsurge.com/news/2013-05-08-learn-to-code-code-to-learn
- Resnick, M., Flanagan, M., Kelleher, C., MacLaurin, M., Ohshima, Y., Perlin, K., & Torres, R. (2009). Growing up programming: democratizing the creation of dynamic, interactive media. Paper presented at the CHI'09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM.
- Resnick, M., Maloney, J., Monroy-Hernández, A., Rusk, N., Eastmond, E., Brennan, K., Millner, A., Rosenbaum, E., Silverman, B. & Kafai, Y. (2009). Scratch: programming for all. Communications of the ACM, 52(11), 60-67.
- Robins, A., Rountree, J., & Rountree, N. (2003). Learning and teaching programming: A review and discussion. Computer Science Education, 13(2), 137-172.
- Saeli, M., Perrenet, J., Jochems, W. M., & Zwaneveld, B. (2011). Teaching programming in secondary school: a pedagogical content knowledge perspective. Informatics in Education, 10(1), 73-88.
- Schultz, L. A. (2011). Student perceptions of instructional tools in programming logic: A comparison of traditional versus Alice teaching environments. Information Systems Education Journal, 9(1), 60-66.
- Solmaz, E. (2014). Programlama dili öğretiminde Alice yazılımının ders başarısı, eleştirel düşünme ve problem çözme becerileri ile üstbilişsel farkındalık düzeyine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Şahin, İ., & Fındık, T. (2008). Türkiye’de mesleki ve teknik eğitim: Mevcut durum, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(3), 65-86.
- Ünal, E., & Çakır, H. (2016). İşbirlikli teknolojilerle desteklenen yapılandırmacı öğrenme ortamının akademik uğraşıya etkisi. Journal of Instructional Technologies & Teacher Education, 5(1), 13-18.
- Wang, T.-C., Mei, W.-H., Lin, S.-L., Chiu, S.-K., & Lin, J. M.-C. (2009). Teaching programming concepts to high school students with alice. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2009. FIE'09. 39th IEEE.
- Werner, L., Denner, J., Bliesner, M., & Rex, P. (2009). Can middle-schoolers use Storytelling Alice to make games?: results of a pilot study. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on foundations of digital games.
- Zhang, X., Liu, L., de Pablos, P. O., & She, J. (2014). The auxiliary role of information technology in teaching: Enhancing programming course using Alice. International Journal of Engineering Education, 30(3), 560-565.