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Silybum marianum L. TOHUMLARININ YAĞ ASİDİ KOMPOZİSYONU İLE TOHUM YAĞI VE SİLYMARİN EKSTRAKTININ ANTİMİKROBİYAL ETKİSİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 1, 110 - 118, 11.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20106

Öz

Bu çalışmada Meryemana dikeni (Silybum marianum L.) tohumlarından elde edilen tohum sabit yağı ile metanol ekstraksiyonuyla elde edilen silmarin etken maddesinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ekstrelerin; Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Candida albicans mikroorganizmalarına karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte bitki tohumlarından elde edilen yağın, yağ asitleri kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi için Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yağın ana bileşenleri; oktadekadienoik asit (% 44.06), oktadekenoik asit (% 20.18), hekzadekanoik asit (% 14.63) ve oktadekanoik asit (% 7.75) olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızda; tohum yağı ekstraktının P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa ve Lactobacillus pentosus ELB41 üzerine; silmarinin ise Lactobacillus plantarum ELB75, Lactobacillus pentosus ELB37 ve B. subtilis’ e karşı antimikrobiyal etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1. H.J.D. Dorman, S.G. Deans, Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2, 308-316 (2000).
  • Referans2. V. Acıbuca and D. Bostan Budak, Place and importance of medicinal and aromatic plants in the world and Turkey. Çukurova J. Agric. Food Sci., 1, 37-44 (2018).
  • Referans3. FAO. Trade in medicinal plants, Raw Materials, Tropical and Horticultural Products Service Commodities and Trade Division Economic and Social Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2005).
  • Referans4. M. Bijak, Silybin, a major bioactive component of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)-chemistry, bioavailability, and metabolism. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 11, (1942).
  • Referans5. A. Sanchez-Sampedro, H.K. Kimb, Y.H. Choi, R. Verpoorte and P. Corchete, Metabolomic alterations in elicitor treated Silybum marianum suspension cultures monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal. of Biotechnology, 130, 133-142 (2007).
  • Referans6. S.M. Shaarawy, A.A. Tohamy, S.M. Elgendy et al., Protective effects of garlic and silymarin on NDEA-induced rats hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 549–557 (2009).
  • Referans7. M. Rasool, J. Iqbal, A. Malik, H.S. Ramzan, M.S. Qureshi, M. Asif, ... and S.H. Gan, Hepato protective effects of Silybum marianum (Silymarin) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Glycyrrhizin) in combination: a possible synergy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 1-9 (2014).
  • Referans8. K. Ramasamy and R. Agarwal, Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Letters, 2, 352-362 (2008).
  • Referans9. J. Duke, The herbal sling vs. the magic bullet. Journal of Medicinal Food 2, 73-76 (1999).
  • Referans10. C.A. Burgess, Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle). Journal of the Pharmacy Society Winconsin, 92, 3-40 (2003).
  • Referans11. N. Dixit, S. Baboota, K. Kohli, S. Ahmad and, J. Ali, Silymarin: A review of pharmacological aspects and bioavailability enhancement approaches, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 4, 172-179 (2007).
  • Referans12. L. Montebianco Abenavoli, R. Capasso, N. Milic, F. Capasso, Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. Phytotherapy Research, 10,1423-1432 (2010).
  • Referans13. A.H. Meriçli. Türkiye’nin değişik bölgelerinde yetişen Silybum marianum türlerinin meyvelerinin flavonolignan bileşikleri yönünden incelenmesi, Doğa Bilim Dergisi, 2, 203-208 (1984).
  • Referans14. H. Wagner, L. Hörhammer, R. Münster, On the chemistry of silymarin (silybin), the active principle of the fruits from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Carduus marianus L.) Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 6, 688–696 (1968).
  • Referans15. A. Ghosh, T. Ghosh, S. Jain. Silymarin-a review on the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability enhancement approaches. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2(10), 348-355 (2010).
  • Referans16. Y.S. Lee, K. Jang and J.D. Cha, Synergistic antibacterial effect between silibinin and antibiotics in oral bacteria. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 1-7 (2012).
  • Referans17. D. Rakelly de Oliveira, S. Relison Tintino, M.F.B. Morais Braga, A.A. Boligon, M. Linde Athayde, H. Douglas Melo Coutinho H. de Menezes I. R. A. and R. Fachinetto, In vitro antimicrobial and modulatory activity of the natural products silymarin and silibinin. BioMed Research International, 2015, 1-7 (2015).
  • Referans18. J. McClure, E.S. Lovelace, S. Elahi, N.J. Maurice, J. Wagoner, J. Dragovan, .... and J. Polyak, Silibinin Inhibits HIV-1 Infection by Reducing Cellular Activation and Proliferation. PLoS One, 7, 1-9 (2012).
  • Referans19. F. Alidoost, M. Gharagozloo, B. Bagherpour, A. Jafarian, S.E. Sajjadi, H. Hourfar and B. Moayedi. Effects of silymarin on the proliferation and glutathione levels of peripheral blood mono nuclear cells from β– thalassemia majör patients. Inter. J. Immunopharmacol, 6, 1305-1310 (2006).
  • Referans20. Council of Europe. European Pharmacopoeia, 7th ed. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines. Strasbourg, France (2010).
  • Referans21. D. Wianowska and M. Wisniewski, M. Simplified procedure of silymarin extraction from Silybum marianum L. Gaertner. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2, 366-372 (2015).
  • Referans22. CLSI-Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved Standard—Eleventh Edition. CLSI document M02- A11; Wayne, PA, (2012).
  • Referans23. B. Mhamdi, F. Abbasi, A. Smaoui, C. Abdelly and B. Marzouk, Fatty acids, essential oil and phenolics composition of Silybum marianum seeds and their antioxidant activities. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 3, 951-959 (2016).
  • Referans24. T. Hasanloo, R. Sepehrifar, M. Bahmany and F. Kalantary, Tocopherols, antiradical activity and fatty acids in seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 362-365 In 4th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008).
  • Referans25. I. Nasrollahi, E. Talebi and Z. Nemati, Study on Silybum marianum seed through fatty acids comparison, peroxide tests, refractive index and oil percentage. Pharmacognosy Journal, 6, 595-597 (2016).
  • Referans26. A.S. Çelik and Y. Kan, Konya Ekolojik Şartlarında Yetiştirilen Meryemana Dikeni Bitkisinin (Silybummarianum) Tohum Verimi, Silimarin ve Sabit Yağ Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 24-31 (2013).
  • Referans27. S.M.M. Shah, F.A. Khan, S.M.H. Shah, K.A. Chishti, S.M.S.S. Pirzada, M.A. Khan and A. Farid, Evaluation of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of white and blue capitulum and whole plant of Silybum marianum. World Appl. Sci J, 8, 1139-1144 (2011).
  • Referans28. F.S. Mohammed, M. Pehlivan and M. Sevindik, Antioxidant, antibacterial a nd antifungal activities of different extracts of Silybum marianum collected from Duhok (Iraq). International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 4, 317–322 (2019).
  • Referans29. G. Yaldiz, Effects of potassium sulfate [K2SO4] on the element contents, polyphenol content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of milk thistle [Silybum marianum]. Pharmacogn. Mag., 49, 102-107 (2017).
  • Referans30. K. Zaouia, L. Segni, G. Noureddine and O.M. Redha, Antimicrobial activity of nine medicinal plants growing in the south of Algeria. Ann. Biol. Res., 4, 145-147 (2010).

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 1, 110 - 118, 11.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20106

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine fatty acid profile and the antimicrobial activity of the seed oil obtained from the seed of Silybum marianum L. and silymarin which was extracted through methanol extraction of Silybum marianum L. seed. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by testing against the microorganisms of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the fatty acid profile of the seed oil. The main components of the seed oil were detected as octadecadienoic acid (44.06 %), octadecenoic acid (20.18 %), hexadecenoic acid (14.63 %) and octadecanoic acid (7.75 %). Seed oil revealed antimicrobial effect on P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and L. pentosus ELB41 and silymarin had antimicrobial effect on L. plantarum ELB75, L. pentosus ELB37 and B. subtilis.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1. H.J.D. Dorman, S.G. Deans, Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2, 308-316 (2000).
  • Referans2. V. Acıbuca and D. Bostan Budak, Place and importance of medicinal and aromatic plants in the world and Turkey. Çukurova J. Agric. Food Sci., 1, 37-44 (2018).
  • Referans3. FAO. Trade in medicinal plants, Raw Materials, Tropical and Horticultural Products Service Commodities and Trade Division Economic and Social Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2005).
  • Referans4. M. Bijak, Silybin, a major bioactive component of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)-chemistry, bioavailability, and metabolism. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 11, (1942).
  • Referans5. A. Sanchez-Sampedro, H.K. Kimb, Y.H. Choi, R. Verpoorte and P. Corchete, Metabolomic alterations in elicitor treated Silybum marianum suspension cultures monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal. of Biotechnology, 130, 133-142 (2007).
  • Referans6. S.M. Shaarawy, A.A. Tohamy, S.M. Elgendy et al., Protective effects of garlic and silymarin on NDEA-induced rats hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 549–557 (2009).
  • Referans7. M. Rasool, J. Iqbal, A. Malik, H.S. Ramzan, M.S. Qureshi, M. Asif, ... and S.H. Gan, Hepato protective effects of Silybum marianum (Silymarin) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Glycyrrhizin) in combination: a possible synergy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 1-9 (2014).
  • Referans8. K. Ramasamy and R. Agarwal, Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Letters, 2, 352-362 (2008).
  • Referans9. J. Duke, The herbal sling vs. the magic bullet. Journal of Medicinal Food 2, 73-76 (1999).
  • Referans10. C.A. Burgess, Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle). Journal of the Pharmacy Society Winconsin, 92, 3-40 (2003).
  • Referans11. N. Dixit, S. Baboota, K. Kohli, S. Ahmad and, J. Ali, Silymarin: A review of pharmacological aspects and bioavailability enhancement approaches, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 4, 172-179 (2007).
  • Referans12. L. Montebianco Abenavoli, R. Capasso, N. Milic, F. Capasso, Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. Phytotherapy Research, 10,1423-1432 (2010).
  • Referans13. A.H. Meriçli. Türkiye’nin değişik bölgelerinde yetişen Silybum marianum türlerinin meyvelerinin flavonolignan bileşikleri yönünden incelenmesi, Doğa Bilim Dergisi, 2, 203-208 (1984).
  • Referans14. H. Wagner, L. Hörhammer, R. Münster, On the chemistry of silymarin (silybin), the active principle of the fruits from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Carduus marianus L.) Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 6, 688–696 (1968).
  • Referans15. A. Ghosh, T. Ghosh, S. Jain. Silymarin-a review on the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability enhancement approaches. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2(10), 348-355 (2010).
  • Referans16. Y.S. Lee, K. Jang and J.D. Cha, Synergistic antibacterial effect between silibinin and antibiotics in oral bacteria. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 1-7 (2012).
  • Referans17. D. Rakelly de Oliveira, S. Relison Tintino, M.F.B. Morais Braga, A.A. Boligon, M. Linde Athayde, H. Douglas Melo Coutinho H. de Menezes I. R. A. and R. Fachinetto, In vitro antimicrobial and modulatory activity of the natural products silymarin and silibinin. BioMed Research International, 2015, 1-7 (2015).
  • Referans18. J. McClure, E.S. Lovelace, S. Elahi, N.J. Maurice, J. Wagoner, J. Dragovan, .... and J. Polyak, Silibinin Inhibits HIV-1 Infection by Reducing Cellular Activation and Proliferation. PLoS One, 7, 1-9 (2012).
  • Referans19. F. Alidoost, M. Gharagozloo, B. Bagherpour, A. Jafarian, S.E. Sajjadi, H. Hourfar and B. Moayedi. Effects of silymarin on the proliferation and glutathione levels of peripheral blood mono nuclear cells from β– thalassemia majör patients. Inter. J. Immunopharmacol, 6, 1305-1310 (2006).
  • Referans20. Council of Europe. European Pharmacopoeia, 7th ed. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines. Strasbourg, France (2010).
  • Referans21. D. Wianowska and M. Wisniewski, M. Simplified procedure of silymarin extraction from Silybum marianum L. Gaertner. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2, 366-372 (2015).
  • Referans22. CLSI-Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved Standard—Eleventh Edition. CLSI document M02- A11; Wayne, PA, (2012).
  • Referans23. B. Mhamdi, F. Abbasi, A. Smaoui, C. Abdelly and B. Marzouk, Fatty acids, essential oil and phenolics composition of Silybum marianum seeds and their antioxidant activities. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 3, 951-959 (2016).
  • Referans24. T. Hasanloo, R. Sepehrifar, M. Bahmany and F. Kalantary, Tocopherols, antiradical activity and fatty acids in seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 362-365 In 4th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008).
  • Referans25. I. Nasrollahi, E. Talebi and Z. Nemati, Study on Silybum marianum seed through fatty acids comparison, peroxide tests, refractive index and oil percentage. Pharmacognosy Journal, 6, 595-597 (2016).
  • Referans26. A.S. Çelik and Y. Kan, Konya Ekolojik Şartlarında Yetiştirilen Meryemana Dikeni Bitkisinin (Silybummarianum) Tohum Verimi, Silimarin ve Sabit Yağ Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 24-31 (2013).
  • Referans27. S.M.M. Shah, F.A. Khan, S.M.H. Shah, K.A. Chishti, S.M.S.S. Pirzada, M.A. Khan and A. Farid, Evaluation of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of white and blue capitulum and whole plant of Silybum marianum. World Appl. Sci J, 8, 1139-1144 (2011).
  • Referans28. F.S. Mohammed, M. Pehlivan and M. Sevindik, Antioxidant, antibacterial a nd antifungal activities of different extracts of Silybum marianum collected from Duhok (Iraq). International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 4, 317–322 (2019).
  • Referans29. G. Yaldiz, Effects of potassium sulfate [K2SO4] on the element contents, polyphenol content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of milk thistle [Silybum marianum]. Pharmacogn. Mag., 49, 102-107 (2017).
  • Referans30. K. Zaouia, L. Segni, G. Noureddine and O.M. Redha, Antimicrobial activity of nine medicinal plants growing in the south of Algeria. Ann. Biol. Res., 4, 145-147 (2010).
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sıla Barut Gök 0000-0001-7666-9630

Elif Ceren Pehlivan 0000-0001-5632-2955

Mine Aydın 0000-0002-5053-4276

Yasemin Erdoğdu 0000-0001-8393-3444

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Barut Gök, S., Pehlivan, E. C., Aydın, M., Erdoğdu, Y. (2020). FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT. Gıda, 46(1), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20106
AMA Barut Gök S, Pehlivan EC, Aydın M, Erdoğdu Y. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT. GIDA. Aralık 2020;46(1):110-118. doi:10.15237/gida.GD20106
Chicago Barut Gök, Sıla, Elif Ceren Pehlivan, Mine Aydın, ve Yasemin Erdoğdu. “FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum Marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT”. Gıda 46, sy. 1 (Aralık 2020): 110-18. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20106.
EndNote Barut Gök S, Pehlivan EC, Aydın M, Erdoğdu Y (01 Aralık 2020) FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT. Gıda 46 1 110–118.
IEEE S. Barut Gök, E. C. Pehlivan, M. Aydın, ve Y. Erdoğdu, “FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT”, GIDA, c. 46, sy. 1, ss. 110–118, 2020, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20106.
ISNAD Barut Gök, Sıla vd. “FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum Marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT”. Gıda 46/1 (Aralık 2020), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20106.
JAMA Barut Gök S, Pehlivan EC, Aydın M, Erdoğdu Y. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT. GIDA. 2020;46:110–118.
MLA Barut Gök, Sıla vd. “FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum Marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT”. Gıda, c. 46, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 110-8, doi:10.15237/gida.GD20106.
Vancouver Barut Gök S, Pehlivan EC, Aydın M, Erdoğdu Y. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Silybum marianum L. SEEDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED OIL AND SILYMARIN EXTRACT. GIDA. 2020;46(1):110-8.

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