Investigation of aroma components obtained by HS-SPME (Headspace-solid phase microextraction) method of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruits
Abstract
Wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) are in the category of non-wood forest products due to their unique fragrance, aroma, and natural ability to grow. In this study, aroma components of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruits were determined by Headspace-Solid Phase Micro-Extraction technique combined with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). In addition, it aimed to compare the results of both fruits with each other by chemical classification of the aroma components determined from wild strawberry and strawberry fruits. As a result of the HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis; 50 and 76 aroma components were determined in wild strawberry and strawberry fruits, respectively. The structure of aroma components was defined as 97.63% of wild strawberries and 98.26% of strawberries. The main components in the aroma compounds are 2-undecanone (10.38%), γ-decalactone (8.81%), and eugenol (7.14%) in wild strawberry fruit; nerolidol (29.44%), γ-decalactone (26.36%) and bisabolol oxide II (4.23%) were found in strawberry fruits. In addition, chemical classes of identified aroma compounds were determined as ester, terpene or terpenoid, fatty acids, aldehyde, and ketone classes in Fragaria vesca and Fragaria x ananassa fruits. When the results are examined, it is seen that strawberry fruits are found to be higher than wild strawberry fruits in terms of percentage of aroma components, number of aroma components, and percentage of dominant components.
Keywords
Kaynakça
- Adams, R. P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, (4th ed.). Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL, USA.
- Akın, İ. (2014). Physical and chemical changes during modified atmosphere storage of some strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) cultivars [Master’s Thesis, Uludağ University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences].
- Avan, M. (2021). Researches on the characterization and diseases of important medicinal and aromatic plants occurring in Turkey and the World. International Journal of Eastern Anatolia Science Engineering and Design, 3(1), 129-156. https://doi.org/10.47898/ijeased.864877
- Boztaş, G., Avcı, A. B., Arabacı, O., & Bayram, E. (2021). Economic status of medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey and in the World. Theoretical and Applied Forestry, 1(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.53463/tafor.2021vol1iss1pp27-33
- Bianchi, G., Lovazzano, A., Lanubile, A., & Marocco, A. (2014). Aroma quality of fruits of wild and cultivated strawberry (Fragaria spp.) in relation to the flavour-related gene expression. Journal of Horticultural Research, 22(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2014-0009 Cozzolino, R., Amato, G., Siano, F., Picariello, G., Stocchero, M., Morra, L., Mignoli, E., Sicignano, M., Petriccione, M., & Malorni, L. (2022). New biodegradable mulching films for strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.): Effects on the volatile profiles of the fruit. Agronomy, 12(10), Article ID 2514, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102514
- Davis, P. H. (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands: Vol. 4. (Fragaria vesca L.), Edinburgh: University Press.
- Görgüc, A., Yıldırım, A., Takma, D. K., Erten, E. S., & Yılmaz, F. M. (2019). Physical, chemical, bioactive and aroma properties of commercial strawberry cultivars grown in Aydın province. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(2), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.466720
- Kafkas, E., Kürkçüoğlu, M., Demirci, B., Başer, K. H. C., & Paydaş, S. (2002). Determination of aroma compounds in fresh and frozen Ottoman strawberry fruits. XIV. Symposium on Plant Originated Crude Drugs (pp. 182-187), Eskişehir,
- Kang, S., Yan, H., Zhu, Y., Liu, X., Lv, H. P., Zhang, Y., Dai W. D., Guo, L., Tan, J. F., Peng, Q. H., & Lin, Z. (2019). Identification and quantification of key odorants in the world’s four most famous black teas. Food Research International, 121, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102514
- Li, L., Xiao, W., Ji, M.., Yang, C., Li, L., Gao, D., & Fu, X. (2017). Effects of molybdenum on nutrition, quality, and flavour compounds of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Akihime) fruit. Journal of integrative agriculture, 16(7), 1502-1512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61518-6