Bazı Süt Türlerindeki Biyoaktif Peptidler ve Varlıkları

Öz

Süt proteinleri yapısında sadece esansiyel aminoasit içermeyip, aynı zamanda besleyici, fonksiyonel ve sağlığa yararlı biyolojik olarak aktif peptidlerin de temel kaynağıdır. Biyoaktif peptidler protein içerisinde inaktif formda bulunur ve süte ısıl işlem uygulaması, sütün proteolitik starter kültür ile fermantasyonu, sütün gastrointestinal sistemde sindirimi veya proteolitik enzimlerle (pepsin, tripsin ve kimotripsin, bitkisel kaynaklı papain, mikrobiyal kaynaklı subtilisin, termolisin, proteinaz K ve diğerleri) hidrolizi gibi farklı metodlar uygulanarak serbest hale geçerler. Son yıllarda süt proteinlerine ve özellikle de ana proteinden serbest hale geçen biyoaktif peptidlere olan ilgi artış göstermiştir. Yapılan in vivo çalışmalarda süt proteini türevli bu peptidlerin sindirim, bağışıklık, dolaşım ve sinir sistemini etkileyen aktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ACE-inhibitörü, antihipertansif ve antioksidatif etkiye de sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çoğu araştırmada bu peptidleri belirlemek için inek sütü proteini kullanılmıştır. Fakat bazı çalışmalarda koyun, keçi, manda gibi diğer türlerden alınan süt örneklerinde de biyoaktif peptidlerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türler arasındaki genetik varyasyonlar nedeniyle süt proteinlerinin temel yapısı değişim gösterebilmektedir. Bundan dolayı oluşan biyoaktif peptidlerin potansiyel aktiviteleri de farklılık oluşturabilmektedir. Bu araştırma da biyoaktif peptidlerle ilgili bilgi vermek ve üzerinde daha az çalışılmış olan koyun, keçi, deve, eşek, manda sütlerinin bazı besinsel özellikleri ile içermiş oldukları biyoaktif peptidler ve bunların inek sütüyle kısmen kıyaslanılmasına değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoaktif Peptid
• Koyun
• Keçi
• Deve
• Eşek
• Manda

Bioactive Peptides and Their Presence in Some Milk Species

Öz

Milk proteins not only contain essential amino acids in their structure, but also they are the main source of nutrient, functional and health beneficial biologically active peptides. Bioactive peptides (BAPs) are present in protein in inactive form and released active form by heat treatment, fermentation of milk by proteolytic starter culture, digestion of milk in the gastrointestinal tract or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin, plant-derived papain, microbial-derived subtilisin, thermolysin, proteinase K and others). In recent years, interest in milk proteins and especially BAPs released from the parent protein has increased. In vivo studies have shown that these milk protein derived peptides have activity affecting digestion, immunity, circulation and nervous system. In addition, it has been found to have ACE-inhibitor, antihypertensive and antioxidative effects. Most studies have used cow milk protein to identify these peptides. However, some other studies have found that BAPs are also found in milk samples taken from other species such as sheep, goat and buffalo. The basic structure of milk proteins may vary due to genetic variations between species. Therefore, the potential activities of the resulting BAPs may also differ. In this study, some nutritional properties of BAPs, least studied animals such as sheep, goat, camel, donkey, buffalo milk and some of their BAPs and their comparison with cow 's milk are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioactive Peptide
• Sheep
• Goat
• Camel
• Donkey
• Buffalo

Kaynakça

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