Proaktif Kişilik ve İş Biçimlendirme Arasındaki Bağlantı Mekanizmalarının Keşfedilmesi: Örgüt Temelli Benlik Saygısının Rolü

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kişiliğin öngörücü ve yaratıcı yönlerini dikkate alarak, örgüt temelli benlik saygısının proaktif kişilik ile iş kurma arasındaki ilişki üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Nicel bir araştırma yaklaşımı kullanılmış ve iki ayrı zaman diliminde 1067 katılımcıdan anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Farklı zaman noktalarında elde edilen bulgular, proaktif kişiliğin iş kurmayı önemli ölçüde ve olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, örgüt temelli benlik saygısı bu ilişkide hem kısmi bir aracı hem de bir moderatör olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, proaktif düşünmenin ve örgütsel bağlamda özsaygı duygusuna sahip olmanın çalışanların iş kurmaya katılmaları için önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak pratik ve akademik öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Proaktif Kişilik
• İş Biçimlendirme
• Örgüt Temelli Öz Saygı.

Exploring the Mechanisms Linking Proactive Personality and Job Crafting: The Role of Organization-Based Self-Esteem

Öz

The objective of this research is to examine the influence of organization-based self-esteem on the relationship between proactive personality and job crafting, considering the predictive and creative aspects of personality. A quantitative research approach was employed, collecting data from 1067 participants in two separate time periods through a survey. The findings, gathered at different time points, indicate that a proactive personality significantly and positively affects job crafting. Moreover, organization-based self-esteem emerges as both a partial mediator and a moderator in this relationship. The study highlights the significance of proactive thinking and having a sense of self-esteem within the organizational context for employees to engage in job crafting. Practical and academic recommendations are provided based on these results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Proactive Personality
• Job Crafting
• Organizational-Based Self Esteem

Kaynakça

1. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83-104. doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004
2. Bateman, T. S. & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118. doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
3. Bell, C. & Njoli, N. (2016). The role of big five factors on predicting job crafting propensities amongst administrative employees in a South African tertiary institution. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 1-11. doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v14i1.702
4. Berg, M. J., Wrzesniewski, A. & Dutton, J. E. (2010). Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2), 158-186. doi.org/10.1002/job.645
5. Bertolino, M., Truxillo, D. M. & Franco, F. (2011). Age as moderator of the relationship of proactive personality with training motivation, perceived career development from training, and training behavioral intentions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(2), 248-263. doi.org/10.1002/job.670
6. Boyd, C. M., Bakker, A. B., Pignata, S., Winefield, A. H., Gillespie, N. & Stough, C. (2010). A Longitudinal test of the Job demands-resources model among Australian university Academics. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 60 (1), 112–140. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00429.x
7. Brockner J. (1988). Self-esteem at Work: Research, Theory, and Practice. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
8. Bruning, P. F. & Campion, M. A. (2018). A Role-resource approach-avoidance model of job crafting: A multimethod integration and extension of job crafting theory. Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 499-522. doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0604

9. Bruning, P. F. & Campion, M. A. (2019). Exploring job crafting: Diagnosing and responding to the ways employees adjust their jobs. Business Horizons, 62(5), 625-635. doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.003
10. Bunocore, F., Gennaro, D., Russo, M. & Salvatore, D. (2020). Cognitive job crafting: A possible response to increasing job insecurity and declining professional prestige. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(2), 244-259. doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12270
11. Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (1982). Control Theory; A useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 92(1), 111-135. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111
12. Chan, S. C., Huang, X., Snape, E. & Lam, C. K. (2012). The Janus face of paternalistic leaders: Authoritarianism, benevolence, subordinates' organization‐based self‐esteem, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 108-128. doi.org/10.1002/job.1797
13. Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464–504. doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
14. Costantini, A., Demerouti, E., Ceschi, A. & Sartori, R. (2019). Evidence on the hierarchical, multidimensional nature of behavioral job crafting. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 1-31. doi.org/10.1111/apps.12232
15. Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in an organization. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435-462. doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600304
16. Çetin, F. (2019). Kaynak esaslı davranış kuramı. İçinde S. Yürür (Eds.), Örgütsel davranış kuramları (pp. 109-158). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
17. Çetin, F., Güner Kibaroğlu, G. & Basım, H.N. (2021). İş biçimlendirme (Job Crafting) ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(2), 257-271. doi.org/10.18394/iid.992676
18. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B. & Halbesleben, J. R. (2015). Productive and counterproductive job crafting: A Daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(4), 457-469. doi.org/10.1037/a0039002
19. Demerouti, E. & Peeters, M. C. (2018). Transmission of reduction-oriented crafting among colleagues: A diary study on the moderating role of working conditions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2), 209-234. doi.org/10.1111/joop.12196
20. Demerouti, E., Soyer, L. M., Vakola, M. & Xanthopoulou, D. (2020). The effects of a job crafting intervention on the success of an organizational change effort in a blue-collar work environment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(2), 374-399. doi.org/10.1111/joop.12330
21. De Stobbeleir, K. E. M, Ashford, S. J. & Buyens, D. (2011). Self-regulation of creativity at work: The role of feedback-seeking behavior in creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(4), 811-831. doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.64870144
22. Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi.org/10.2307/3151312
23. Gardner, D. G., Dyne, L. V. & Pierce, J. L. (2004). The effects of pay level on organization-based self-esteem and performance: A field study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), 307-322. doi.org/10.1348/0963179041752646
24. Gardner D. G. & Pierce J. L. (1998). Self-esteem and self-efficacy within the organizational context. Group and Organization Management, 23, 48–70. doi.org/10.1348/0963179041752646
25. Güner Kibaroğlu, G. (2022). Sıkılık ve esneklik bağlamında örgüt kültürünün iş biçimlendirmeye üzerindeki etkisinde örgüt temelli öz saygı ve proaktif kişiliğin rolü. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
26. Güner Kibaroğlu G. & Basım H.N. (2023). The effects of organization-based self-esteem and proactive personality on relationship between tight and loose organizational cultures and job crafting. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 21(1), 102-124. doi.org/10.11611/yead.1195133
27. Hair, J. F., Black, W.C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis, Upper Saddle River. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
28. Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Primer on Partial Least Square Structural Equations Modeling (PLS-SEM), (2nd Ed.), Sage, Thousand Oaks.
29. Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in varience-based structural equation modelling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
30. Johnson, R. E., Lanaj, K. & Barnes, C. M. (2014). The good and bad of being fair: Effects of procedural and interpersonal justice behaviors on regulatory resources. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 635-650. doi.org/10.1037/a0035647
31. Kanfer, F. H. & Karoly, P. (1972). Self-control: A behavioristic excursion into the lions' den. Behavior Therapy, 3(3), 398-416. doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(72)80140-0
32. Kickul, J. & Gundry, L. K. (2002). Prospecting For Strategic Advantage: The Proactive Entrepreneurial Personality and Small Firm Innovation. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 85-97. doi. org/10.1111/1540-627X.00042
33. Kühnel, J., Bledow, R. & Feuerhahn, N. (2016). When do you procrastinate? Sleep quality and social sleep lag jointly predict self-regulatory failure at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(7), 983-1002. doi.org/10.1002/job.2084
34. Leana, C., Appelbaum, E. & Shevchuk, I. (2009). Work process and quality of care in early childhood education: The role of job crafting. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1169-1192. doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.47084651
35. Lee, Y. & Eissenstat, S. J. (2018). A practice of work engagement in the job demands–resources model to career development: Assessing gender differences. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 29(2), 143-161. doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.47084651
36. Li, H., Jin, H. & Chen, T. (2020). Linking proactive personality to creative performance: The role of job crafting and high-involvement work systems. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(1), 196-210. doi.org/10.1002/jocb.355
37. Liao, P. (2013). The role of self-concept in the mechanism linking proactive personality to employee work outcomes. Applied Psychology, 62(2), 421-443. doi.org/ 10.1111/apps.12003
38. Mäkikangas, A. (2018). Job crafting profiles and work engagement: A person-centered approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106, 101-111. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.001
39. NG, T. W. & Feldman, D. C. (2013). Age and innovation-related behavior: The joint moderating effects of supervisor undermining and proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 583-606. doi.org/10.1002/job.1802
40. Nicholson, N. & De Waal-Andrews, W. (2005). Playing to win: Biological imperatives, self-regulation, and trade-offs in the game of career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 137-154. doi.org/10.1002/job.295
41. Ohly, S., Sonnentag, S. & Franziska, P. (2006). Routinization, work characteristics and their relationships with creative and proactive behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 257-279. doi.org/10.1002/job.376
42. Özdamar, K. (2003). Modern bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitapevi.
43. Parker, S. K. & Sprigg, C. A. (1999). Minimizing strain and maximizing learning: The role of job demands, job control, and proactive personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(6), 925-939. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.6.925
44. Parker, S. K., Williams, H. M. & Turner, N. (2006). Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psyhcology, 91(3), 636-652. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.636
45. Pervin, L. A. (1996). Personality: A view of the future based on a look at the past. Journal of Research in Personality, 30(3), 309-318. doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1996.0021
46. Petrou, P. & Xanthopoulou, D. (2021). Interactive effects of approach and avoidance job crafting in explaining weekly variations in work performance and employability. Applied Psychology, 70(3), 1345-1359. doi.org/10.1111/apps.12277
47. Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L. & Dunham, R. B. (1989). Organization-based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 622-648. doi.org/10.2307/256437
48. Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Dunham, R. B. & Cummings, L. L. (2017). Moderation by organization-based self-esteem of role condition-employee response relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 36(2), 271-288. doi.org/10.5465/256523
49. Plomp, J., Tims, M., Khapova, S.N., Jansen, P. & Bakker, A.B. (2016). Proactive personality and well-being: the mediating role of job crafting and career competencies. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 26(1), 11411. doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2016.11411abstract
50. Ringle, C.M., Wende, S. & Becker, J.M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. Retrieved from https://www.smartpls.com/documentation
51. Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2000). Change in job search behaviors and employment outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 277–287. doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1714
52. Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M. & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416-427. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.416
53. Shin, Y., Hur, W.-M. & Kim, H.-G. (2018). Managers as a missing entity in job crafting research: Relationships between store manager job crafting job resources, and store performance. Applied Psychology, 69(2), 479-507. doi.org/10.1111/apps.12179
54. Thompson, J. A. (2005). Proactive personality and job performance: A social capital perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 1011-1017. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.1011
55. Tims, M., Bakker, A. B. & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173-186. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
56. Tims, M., Bakker, A. B. & Derks, D. (2014). Daily job crafting and the self-efficacy–performance relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(5), 490-507. doi.org/10.1108/JMP-05-2012-0148
57. Vegchel, N., Jonge, J. & Landsbergis, P. A. (2005). Occupational stress in (inter)action: the interplay between job demands and job resources. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(5), 535-560. doi.org/10.1002/job.327
58. Wallace, C. & Chein, G. (2006). A multilevel integration of personality, climate, self-regulation and performance. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 529-557. doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00046.x
59. Wingerden, J. V., Derks, D. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). The impact of personal resources and job crafting interventions on work engagement and performance. Human Resource Management, 56(1), 51-67. doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21758
60. Wong, S. I., Škerlavaj, M. & Černe, M. (2016). Build coalitions to fit: Autonomy expectations, competence mobilization, and job crafting. Human Resource Management, 56(5), 785-801. doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21805
61. Wrzesniewski, A. & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201. doi.org/10.2307/259118
62. Zeijen, M. E., Peeters, M. C. & Hakanen, J. J. (2018). Workaholism versus work engagement and job crafting: What is the role of self-management strategies? Human Resource Management Journal, 28(2), 357-373. doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12187
63. Zhang, R., Kang, H., Jiang, Z. & Niu, X. (2022). How does workplace ostracism hurt employee creativity? Thriving at work as a mediator and organization-based self-esteem as a moderator. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 211-230. doi.org/10.1111/apps.12374
64. Zhang, L., Lu, H. & Li, F., (2018). Proactive personality and mental health: The role of job crafting. Psych Journal, 7(3), 154-155. doi.org/10.1002/pchj.214
65. Zhao, X, Lynch, J.G. & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research Inc., 37(2), 197-206. doi.org/10.1086/651257.