In this study, it was aimed to scale the importance level of the criteria that can be taken into consideration in determining the exam anxiety of 8th grade students by means of pairwise comparison. Descriptive survey model was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 100 8th grade students studying at a randomly selected secondary school in Kilis. The data collection tool was a questionnaire in which the students in the study group were compared in pairs, that consisted of six criteria that affect exam anxiety, including the thought of failing in lessons, the effect of the social environment (family, friends and relatives), students’s self-perceptions, teacher attitudes, social and physical characteristics of the school, and the thought of not being prepared for exams adequately. Data analysis was performed on a full data matrix by using equation of case III. As a result of the research, the first two criteria that most affect the exam anxiety of 8th grade students are respectively; social and physical characteristics of the school and how students see themselves. These stimulators are respectively followed by the idea of failing in lessons and the effect of the social environment. The two criteria, which they think are the least effective on exam anxiety, are the attitudes of teachers and not being prepared for exams adequately.
Anil, D., & Inal, H. (2017). Scaling Applications in Psychophysics. Pegem Academy.
Anil, D., Taymur, M. O., & Oztemur, B. (2017). Scaling of the factors that are thought to be effective on the university preferences of the last grade students of high school by means of paired comparison method. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 75-85.
Aydın, U., & Bulgan, G. (2017). Adaptation of children's test anxiety scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. Elementary Education Online, 16(2), 887-899. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2017.304742
Bacanlı, F., & Sürücü, A.G.M. (2006). An examination of the relationship between test anxiety and decision making styles of elementary school 8th grades students. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 45(45), 7-35.
Basol, G., & Zabun, E. (2014). The predictors of success in turkish high school placement exams: exam prep courses, perfectionism, parental attitudes and test anxiety. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.1.1980
Basol, G. (2017). IDA test anxiety scale: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of International Education Science, 4(13), 173 193. https://doi.org/10.16991/INESJOURNAL.1506
Bozanoglu, I. (2005). The effect of a group guidance program based on cognitive-behavioral approach on motivation, selfesteem, achievement and test anxiety levels. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 38(1), 17 42. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000110
Bulut, S.S. (2010). The effects of solution-focused brief group therapy on the treatment of exam anxiety, aggression tendencies and inadequacy in problem solving skills of secondary school students. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty, 30(2), 325-356.
Büyüköztürk, S., Kılıc Cakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel F. (2008). Scientific research methods. Pegem Academy.
Cakmak, A., Sahin, H., & Akinci-Demirbas, E. (2017). The analysis of relationship between test anxiety and self-esteem in the case of 7th and 8th grade students. Kafkas University, e Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.315182
Coban, S. (2009). The relationship of social environment’s effects with juvenile delinquency and problem behaviours (Publication No. 315049) [Doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Delioglu, H.N. (2017). 8th grade students of success of mathhematics and test and mathemati̇cs anxi̇ety, mathemati̇cs self efficacy of investigation (Publication No. 454808) [Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=ujzt86YZJ_iUP fpWDH_MQ&no=AE31luBlryE0pZNS-qPPOQ
Driscoll, R. (2007). Westside test anxiety scale validation. Education Research Information Center. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED495968
Duman, G.K. (2008). An Examination of the Relationship Between State – Trait Anxiety Levels, Test Anxiety Levels and Parental Attitudes in the 8th Grade Primary School Students (Publication No. 220337) [Master's thesis, Dokuz Eylül University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Genc, Y. (2016, August 24-26). Factors affecting exam anxiety of students preparing for university exam [Conference presentation]. In ICPESS, İstanbul,Turkey.
Guilford, J.P. (1954). Psychometric Methods. McGraw Hill Inc.
Güler, D., & Cakir, G. (2013). Examining predictors of test anxiety levels among 12th grade high school students. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(39), 82-94.
Hembree, R. (1988). Correlates, causes, effects, and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 58(1), 47-77. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543058001047
Kavakci, Ö., Güler, A.S., & Cetinkaya, S. (2011). Test anxiety and related psychiatric symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 14(1), 7-16.
Kayapinar, E. (2006). Research into anxıety level of the 8th grades students at primary schools preparing for secondary school student selection and placement examination (The sample of Afyonkarahisar city) [Master's thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=mD__s2fD2RrL4dDOaXEyqA&no=hv0DeEk7ECSiHlhNYWqsFA
Kaya, M., & Savrun, B.M. (2015). Relationship between attachment styles and test anxiety of students who will take the common exam for transition to secondary education system. Journal of New Symposium, 53(3), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.5455/NYS.20151215070858
Kesici, A., & Asilioglu, B. (2017). Developing stress scale for secondary school students: reliability and validity study. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(6), 2413-2426.
Mandler, G., & Sarason, S. B. (1952). A study of anxiety and learning. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062855
McDonald, A.S. (2001). The prevalence and effects of test anxiety in school children. Educational Psychology, 21(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410020019867
Nartgün, Ş., & Kaya, A. (2016). Creating school image in acccordance with private school parents’ expectatons. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 5(2), 153-167.
Thurstone, L.L. (1927). A law of comparative judgment. Psychological Review, 34(4), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0070288
Totan, T., & Yavuz, Y. (2009). The validity and reliability study of the turkish version of westside test anxiety scale. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 9(17), 95-109.
Tugan, S.E. (2015). Relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement. Karaelmas Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(2). 98-106.
Turan Başoğlu, S. (2007). The relationship between the pre-exam anxiety and the self-confidence and to search the effects of those oncepts on the neolagnium (Publication No. 217683) [Master's thesis, Maltepe University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Turgut, M.F., & Baykul, Y. (1992). Scaling techniques. ÖSYM Press.
Wren, D.G., & Benson, J. (2004). Measuring test anxiety in children: Scale development and internal construct validation. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 17(3), 227 240. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800412331292606
Yelken, R. (2011). The central institution in the prevention of juvenile delinquency is the family: Analysis of international conventions on children. Hancerli, Sevinc, Gürer & Oner (Ed.), Driven to Crime and Victims Children (1st ed., pp. 32-41). SABEV Press.
Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. Plenum Press.
Scaling the criteria to be considered in determining exam anxiety by pairwise comparison method
In this study, it was aimed to scale the importance level of the criteria that can be taken into consideration in determining the exam anxiety of 8th grade students by means of pairwise comparison. Descriptive survey model was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 100 8th grade students studying at a randomly selected secondary school in Kilis. The data collection tool was a questionnaire in which the students in the study group were compared in pairs, that consisted of six criteria that affect exam anxiety, including the thought of failing in lessons, the effect of the social environment (family, friends and relatives), students’s self-perceptions, teacher attitudes, social and physical characteristics of the school, and the thought of not being prepared for exams adequately. Data analysis was performed on a full data matrix by using equation of case III. As a result of the research, the first two criteria that most affect the exam anxiety of 8th grade students are respectively; social and physical characteristics of the school and how students see themselves. These stimulators are respectively followed by the idea of failing in lessons and the effect of the social environment. The two criteria, which they think are the least effective on exam anxiety, are the attitudes of teachers and not being prepared for exams adequately.
Anil, D., & Inal, H. (2017). Scaling Applications in Psychophysics. Pegem Academy.
Anil, D., Taymur, M. O., & Oztemur, B. (2017). Scaling of the factors that are thought to be effective on the university preferences of the last grade students of high school by means of paired comparison method. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 75-85.
Aydın, U., & Bulgan, G. (2017). Adaptation of children's test anxiety scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. Elementary Education Online, 16(2), 887-899. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2017.304742
Bacanlı, F., & Sürücü, A.G.M. (2006). An examination of the relationship between test anxiety and decision making styles of elementary school 8th grades students. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 45(45), 7-35.
Basol, G., & Zabun, E. (2014). The predictors of success in turkish high school placement exams: exam prep courses, perfectionism, parental attitudes and test anxiety. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.1.1980
Basol, G. (2017). IDA test anxiety scale: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of International Education Science, 4(13), 173 193. https://doi.org/10.16991/INESJOURNAL.1506
Bozanoglu, I. (2005). The effect of a group guidance program based on cognitive-behavioral approach on motivation, selfesteem, achievement and test anxiety levels. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 38(1), 17 42. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000110
Bulut, S.S. (2010). The effects of solution-focused brief group therapy on the treatment of exam anxiety, aggression tendencies and inadequacy in problem solving skills of secondary school students. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty, 30(2), 325-356.
Büyüköztürk, S., Kılıc Cakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel F. (2008). Scientific research methods. Pegem Academy.
Cakmak, A., Sahin, H., & Akinci-Demirbas, E. (2017). The analysis of relationship between test anxiety and self-esteem in the case of 7th and 8th grade students. Kafkas University, e Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.315182
Coban, S. (2009). The relationship of social environment’s effects with juvenile delinquency and problem behaviours (Publication No. 315049) [Doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Delioglu, H.N. (2017). 8th grade students of success of mathhematics and test and mathemati̇cs anxi̇ety, mathemati̇cs self efficacy of investigation (Publication No. 454808) [Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=ujzt86YZJ_iUP fpWDH_MQ&no=AE31luBlryE0pZNS-qPPOQ
Driscoll, R. (2007). Westside test anxiety scale validation. Education Research Information Center. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED495968
Duman, G.K. (2008). An Examination of the Relationship Between State – Trait Anxiety Levels, Test Anxiety Levels and Parental Attitudes in the 8th Grade Primary School Students (Publication No. 220337) [Master's thesis, Dokuz Eylül University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Genc, Y. (2016, August 24-26). Factors affecting exam anxiety of students preparing for university exam [Conference presentation]. In ICPESS, İstanbul,Turkey.
Guilford, J.P. (1954). Psychometric Methods. McGraw Hill Inc.
Güler, D., & Cakir, G. (2013). Examining predictors of test anxiety levels among 12th grade high school students. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(39), 82-94.
Hembree, R. (1988). Correlates, causes, effects, and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 58(1), 47-77. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543058001047
Kavakci, Ö., Güler, A.S., & Cetinkaya, S. (2011). Test anxiety and related psychiatric symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 14(1), 7-16.
Kayapinar, E. (2006). Research into anxıety level of the 8th grades students at primary schools preparing for secondary school student selection and placement examination (The sample of Afyonkarahisar city) [Master's thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=mD__s2fD2RrL4dDOaXEyqA&no=hv0DeEk7ECSiHlhNYWqsFA
Kaya, M., & Savrun, B.M. (2015). Relationship between attachment styles and test anxiety of students who will take the common exam for transition to secondary education system. Journal of New Symposium, 53(3), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.5455/NYS.20151215070858
Kesici, A., & Asilioglu, B. (2017). Developing stress scale for secondary school students: reliability and validity study. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(6), 2413-2426.
Mandler, G., & Sarason, S. B. (1952). A study of anxiety and learning. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062855
McDonald, A.S. (2001). The prevalence and effects of test anxiety in school children. Educational Psychology, 21(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410020019867
Nartgün, Ş., & Kaya, A. (2016). Creating school image in acccordance with private school parents’ expectatons. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 5(2), 153-167.
Thurstone, L.L. (1927). A law of comparative judgment. Psychological Review, 34(4), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0070288
Totan, T., & Yavuz, Y. (2009). The validity and reliability study of the turkish version of westside test anxiety scale. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 9(17), 95-109.
Tugan, S.E. (2015). Relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement. Karaelmas Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(2). 98-106.
Turan Başoğlu, S. (2007). The relationship between the pre-exam anxiety and the self-confidence and to search the effects of those oncepts on the neolagnium (Publication No. 217683) [Master's thesis, Maltepe University]. National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Turgut, M.F., & Baykul, Y. (1992). Scaling techniques. ÖSYM Press.
Wren, D.G., & Benson, J. (2004). Measuring test anxiety in children: Scale development and internal construct validation. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 17(3), 227 240. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800412331292606
Yelken, R. (2011). The central institution in the prevention of juvenile delinquency is the family: Analysis of international conventions on children. Hancerli, Sevinc, Gürer & Oner (Ed.), Driven to Crime and Victims Children (1st ed., pp. 32-41). SABEV Press.
Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. Plenum Press.
Yahsi Sarı, H., & Anıl, D. (2022). Scaling the criteria to be considered in determining exam anxiety by pairwise comparison method. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(1), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.960565