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The Smell of Bread: Its Effects on Psychology, Emotions and Memories

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 200 - 213, 25.12.2025

Öz

Within the scope of this study, which aims to analyze the content of pasta-related posts on dietitian blogs, 28 blogs were examined using the words “dietician and pasta” in the search engine. The blogs were evaluated within the framework of eight parameters such as subject headings, consumption and cooking suggestions, effects on health, recipes, consumption frequency and who can consume pasta. According to the research findings, 89% of dietitians are women and the most frequently discussed subject heading was “Can pasta be consumed on a diet?” with a rate of 46.43%. It was determined that it is recommended to prepare pasta by boiling it and with vegetables (13.48%) and that it is mostly recommended to cook it by evaporating the water. The most common pasta recipes were minced meat and tuna fish pasta recipes. Dietitians emphasized the benefits of pasta, which are that it prolongs the period of satiety. While only two of the blogs examined stated that children, young people and athletes can consume pasta, only one blog stated that consuming it once a week would be sufficient. The negative effects of pasta, such as increasing blood sugar and making weight loss difficult, were mentioned in three blogs. Only one dietitian did not recommend consuming pasta in weight-loss diets, but stated that there was no harm in consuming it with portion control.

Kaynakça

  • Altamore, L., Ingrassia, M., Columba, P., Chironi, S., ve Bacarella, S. (2020). Italian consumers’ preferences for pasta and consumption trends: Tradition or innovation?. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 32(4), 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2019.1650865
  • Aravind, N., Sissons, M., ve Fellows, C. M. (2012). Effect of soluble fibre (guar gum and carboxymethylcellulose) addition on technological, sensory and structural properties of durum wheat spaghetti. Food Chemistry, 131(3), 893-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.073
  • Aucoin, M., LaChance, L., Naidoo, U., Remy, D., Shekdar, T., Sayar, N., ve Cooley, K. (2021). Diet and anxiety: A scoping review. Nutrients, 13(12), 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124418
  • Bawa, K., Brar, J. K., Singh, A., Gupta, A., Kaur, H., ve Bains, K. (2022). Wheatgrass powder‐enriched functional pasta: Techno‐functional, phytochemical, textural, sensory, and structural characterization. Journal of Texture Studies, 53(4), 517-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12680
  • Bevilacqua, M., Braglia, M., Carmignani, G., ve Zammori, F. A. (2007). Life cycle assessment of pasta production in Italy. Journal of Food Quality, 30(6), 932-952. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00170.x
  • Bonacci, S., Di Stefano, V., Sciacca, F., Buzzanca, C., Virzì, N., Argento, S., ve Melilli, M. G. (2023). Hemp flour particle size affects the quality and nutritional profile of the enriched functional pasta. Foods, 12(4), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040774
  • Cappelli, A., ve Cini, E. (2021). Challenges and opportunities in wheat flour, pasta, bread, and bakery product production Chains: A systematic review of innovations and improvement strategies to increase sustainability, productivity, and product quality. Sustainability, 13(5), 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052608
  • Capraro, J., Magni, C., Scarafoni, A., Caramanico, R., Rossi, F., Morlacchini, M., ve Duranti, M. (2014). Pasta supplemented with isolated lupin protein fractions reduces body weight gain and food ıntake of rats and decreases plasma glucose concentration upon glucose overload trial. Food & Function, 5(2), 375-380.
  • Cesari, L. (2022). A brief history of pasta: The Italian food that shaped the world. Profile Books.
  • Chiavaroli, L., Kendall, C. W., Braunstein, C. R., Mejia, S. B., Leiter, L. A., Jenkins, D. J., ve Sievenpiper, J. L. (2018). Effect of pasta in the context of low-glycaemic ındex dietary patterns on body weight and markers of adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in adults. BMJ Open, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019438
  • Ciliberti, S., Stanco, M., Frascarelli, A., Marotta, G., Martino, G., ve Nazzaro, C. (2022). Sustainability strategies and contractual arrangements in the Italian pasta supply Chain: an analysis under the neo institutional economics lens. Sustainability, 14(14), 8542. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148542
  • Cimini, A., Cibelli, M., Taddei, A. R., ve Moresi, M. (2021). Effect of cooking temperature on cooked pasta quality and sustainability. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 101(12), 4946-4958. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11138
  • Cummings, J. H., ve Stephen, A. M. (2007). Carbohydrate terminology and classification. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(1), 5-18.
  • Demirkol, O., ve İçöz, A. (2002). Makarnanın besin değeri ve mikrobiyal kalitesi. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 6(1), 115-118.
  • Di Monaco, R., Cavella, S., Di Marzo, S., ve Masi, P. (2004). The effect of expectations generated by brand name on the acceptability of dried semolina pasta. Food Quality and Preference, 15(5), 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2003.07.003
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Karbonhidrat Korkusu: Makarnanın Diyetteki Yeri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 200 - 213, 25.12.2025

Öz

Diyetisyen bloglarında makarnaya ilişkin paylaşımların içeriğini analiz etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma kapsamında arama motorunda “diyetisyen ve makarna” kelimeleri kullanılarak 28 blog incelenmiştir. Bloglar konu başlıkları, tüketim ve pişirme önerileri, sağlık üzerindeki etkileri, tarifler, tüketim sıklığı ve kimlerin makarna tüketebileceği gibi sekiz parametre çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre diyetisyenlerin %89’u kadındır ve en sık ele alınan konu başlığı %46,43 oranla “Diyette makarna tüketilir mi?” olmuştur. Makarnanın haşlanarak ve sebzelerle hazırlanmasının önerildiği (%13,48) ve çoğunlukla suyunu çektirerek pişirilmesinin tavsiye edildiği belirlenmiştir. En çok kıymalı ve ton balıklı makarna tariflerine yer verilmiştir. Diyetisyenler makarnanın en fazla tokluk süresini uzattığı yönündeki faydasına vurgu yapmıştır. İncelenen bloglardan yalnızca ikisi çocuk, genç ve sporcuların makarna tüketebileceğini belirtirken sadece bir blog haftada bir kez tüketimin yeterli olacağını ifade etmiştir. Makarnanın kan şekerini yükseltme ve kilo kaybını zorlaştırma gibi olumsuz etkilerine üç blogda değinilmiştir. Sadece bir diyetisyen kilo vermeye yönelik diyetlerde makarna tüketimini önermemekle birlikte porsiyon kontrolüyle tüketimin sakıncalı olmadığını ifade etmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Altamore, L., Ingrassia, M., Columba, P., Chironi, S., ve Bacarella, S. (2020). Italian consumers’ preferences for pasta and consumption trends: Tradition or innovation?. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 32(4), 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2019.1650865
  • Aravind, N., Sissons, M., ve Fellows, C. M. (2012). Effect of soluble fibre (guar gum and carboxymethylcellulose) addition on technological, sensory and structural properties of durum wheat spaghetti. Food Chemistry, 131(3), 893-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.073
  • Aucoin, M., LaChance, L., Naidoo, U., Remy, D., Shekdar, T., Sayar, N., ve Cooley, K. (2021). Diet and anxiety: A scoping review. Nutrients, 13(12), 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124418
  • Bawa, K., Brar, J. K., Singh, A., Gupta, A., Kaur, H., ve Bains, K. (2022). Wheatgrass powder‐enriched functional pasta: Techno‐functional, phytochemical, textural, sensory, and structural characterization. Journal of Texture Studies, 53(4), 517-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12680
  • Bevilacqua, M., Braglia, M., Carmignani, G., ve Zammori, F. A. (2007). Life cycle assessment of pasta production in Italy. Journal of Food Quality, 30(6), 932-952. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00170.x
  • Bonacci, S., Di Stefano, V., Sciacca, F., Buzzanca, C., Virzì, N., Argento, S., ve Melilli, M. G. (2023). Hemp flour particle size affects the quality and nutritional profile of the enriched functional pasta. Foods, 12(4), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040774
  • Cappelli, A., ve Cini, E. (2021). Challenges and opportunities in wheat flour, pasta, bread, and bakery product production Chains: A systematic review of innovations and improvement strategies to increase sustainability, productivity, and product quality. Sustainability, 13(5), 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052608
  • Capraro, J., Magni, C., Scarafoni, A., Caramanico, R., Rossi, F., Morlacchini, M., ve Duranti, M. (2014). Pasta supplemented with isolated lupin protein fractions reduces body weight gain and food ıntake of rats and decreases plasma glucose concentration upon glucose overload trial. Food & Function, 5(2), 375-380.
  • Cesari, L. (2022). A brief history of pasta: The Italian food that shaped the world. Profile Books.
  • Chiavaroli, L., Kendall, C. W., Braunstein, C. R., Mejia, S. B., Leiter, L. A., Jenkins, D. J., ve Sievenpiper, J. L. (2018). Effect of pasta in the context of low-glycaemic ındex dietary patterns on body weight and markers of adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in adults. BMJ Open, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019438
  • Ciliberti, S., Stanco, M., Frascarelli, A., Marotta, G., Martino, G., ve Nazzaro, C. (2022). Sustainability strategies and contractual arrangements in the Italian pasta supply Chain: an analysis under the neo institutional economics lens. Sustainability, 14(14), 8542. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148542
  • Cimini, A., Cibelli, M., Taddei, A. R., ve Moresi, M. (2021). Effect of cooking temperature on cooked pasta quality and sustainability. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 101(12), 4946-4958. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11138
  • Cummings, J. H., ve Stephen, A. M. (2007). Carbohydrate terminology and classification. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(1), 5-18.
  • Demirkol, O., ve İçöz, A. (2002). Makarnanın besin değeri ve mikrobiyal kalitesi. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 6(1), 115-118.
  • Di Monaco, R., Cavella, S., Di Marzo, S., ve Masi, P. (2004). The effect of expectations generated by brand name on the acceptability of dried semolina pasta. Food Quality and Preference, 15(5), 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2003.07.003
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  • Filipčev, B., Kojić, J., Miljanić, J., Šimurina, O., Stupar, A., Škrobot, D., ve Pojić, M. (2023). Wild garlic (allium ursinum) preparations in the design of novel functional pasta. Foods, 12(24), 4376. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12244376
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  • Gallegos‐Infante, J. A., Bello‐Perez, L. A., Rocha‐Guzman, N. E., Gonzalez‐Laredo, R. F., ve Avila‐Ontiveros, M. (2010). Effect of the addition of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) flour on the in vitro digestibility of starch and undigestible carbohydrates in spaghetti. Journal of Food Science, 75(5), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01621.x
  • Goñi, I., ve Valentı́n-Gamazo, C. (2003). Chickpea flour ıngredient slows glycemic response to pasta in healthy volunteers. Food Chemistry, 81(4), 511-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00480-6
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  • Heale, R., ve Twycross, A. (2018). What is a case study?. Evidence-Based Nursing, 21(1), 7-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2017-102845
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  • Kamble, D. B., Singh, R., Rani, S., ve Pratap, D. (2019). Physicochemical properties, in vitro digestibility and structural attributes of okara‐enriched functional pasta. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 43(12), 14232. DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14232
  • Kaur, G., Sharma, S., Nagi, H. P. S., ve Dar, B. N. (2012). Functional properties of pasta enriched with variable cereal brans. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49, 467-474.
  • Khan, I., Yousif, A., Johnson, S. K., ve Gamlath, S. (2013). Effect of sorghum flour addition on resistant starch content, phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of durum wheat pasta. Food Research International, 54(1), 578-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.059
  • Kumari, P. (2020). Role of carbohydrates in nutrition. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT), 9(2), 160-164.
  • Lemes, A. C., Takeuchi, K. P., Carvalho, J. C. M. D., ve Danesi, E. D. G. (2012). Fresh pasta production enriched with spirulina platensis biomass. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 55, 741-750. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132012000500014
  • Leturque, A., ve Brot-Laroche, E. (2014). Nutrition, carbohydrates. (DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.00227-0).
  • Mann, J., Cummings, J. H., Englyst, H. N., Key, T., Liu, S., Riccardi, G., ve Wiseman, M. (2007). FAO/WHO scientific update on carbohydrates in human nutrition: conclusions. European journal of clinical nutrition, 61(1), S132-S137.
  • Marti, A., ve Pagani, M. A. (2013). What can play the role of gluten in gluten free pasta?. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 31(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2013.03.001
  • Martinez-Lacoba, R., Pardo-Garcia, I., Amo-Saus, E., ve Escribano-Sotos, F. (2018). Mediterranean diet and health outcomes: A systematic meta-review. European Journal of Public Health, 28(5), 955-961. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky113
  • Massaro, A., ve Galiano, A. (2020). Re-engineering process in a food factory: An overview of technologies and approaches for the design of pasta production processes. Production & Manufacturing Research, 8(1), 80-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2020.1749180
  • McHaffie, S. J., Langan-Evans, C., Morehen, J. C., Strauss, J. A., Areta, J. L., Rosimus, C., ve Morton, J. P. (2022). Carbohydrate fear, skinfold targets and body image issues: a qualitative analysis of player and stakeholder perceptions of the nutrition culture within elite female soccer. Science and Medicine in Football, 6(5), 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2101143
  • Messia, M. C., Cuomo, F., Falasca, L., Trivisonno, M. C., De Arcangelis, E., ve Marconi, E. (2021). Nutritional and technological quality of high protein pasta. Foods, 10(3), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030589
  • Messina, A., Monda, V., Nigro, E., Valenzano, A., Villano, I., Ruberto, M., ve Monda, M. (2017). An allied health: The pasta. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 33(4),641-644.
  • Messina, A., Picciocchi, E., Monda, V., Valenzano, A., Cibelli, G., Ruberto, V., ve Messina, G. (2018). Beneficial effects of pasta during pregnancy: The positive effects of Mediterranean diet. Acta Medıca Medıterranea, 34(Special Issue 4), 2107-2114.
  • Muslu, A., Gider, S., Dereli, F. B., ve Yüksel, F. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin makarna tüketim alışkanlıklarını ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.644023
  • National Centre for Eating Disorders (2024). https://eating-disorders.org.uk/carbohydrate-phobia-go-enjoy-your-toast/ (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2024).
  • Nishida C., ve Nocito, F. M. (2007). FAO/WHO scientific update on carbohydrates in human nutrition: Introduction. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61, 1-4.
  • Nochera, C. L., ve Ragone, D. (2019). Development of a breadfruit flour pasta product. Foods, 8(3), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8030110
  • Oliveira, J. D., Colombarolli, M. S., Figueredo, L. S., ve Cordás, T. A. (2021). Cognitive restraint directed at carbohydrates in individuals on low-carb diet with binge eating: the role of guilt about food cravings. Einstein (São Paulo), 19.
  • Oliveira, J. D., Figueredo, L., ve Cordás, T. A. (2020). Prevalência de comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e uso de dieta “low-carb” em estudantes universitários. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 68, 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000245
  • Onurlubaş, E., ve Öztürk, D. (2023). Tüketici perspektifinden makarna: alışkanlıklar, tercihler ve etkileyen faktörler. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 12(3), 140-159.
  • Ovando-Martinez, M., Sáyago-Ayerdi, S., Agama-Acevedo, E., Goñi, I., ve Bello-Pérez, L. A. (2009). Unripe Banana flour as an ıngredient to ıncrease the undigestible carbohydrates of pasta. Food Chemistry, 113(1), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.035
  • Palmieri, N., Stefanoni, W., Latterini, F., ve Pari, L. (2021). An Italian explorative study of willingness to pay for a new functional pasta featuring opuntia ficus Indica. Agriculture, 11(8), 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080701
  • Patel, P., Bajpai, D., Maravi, A., Ahirwar, S. B., ve Shukla, S. S. (2022). Study on nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of value-added pasta from amaranth flour. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(12), 2290-2296.
  • Principato, L., Ruini, L., Guidi, M., ve Secondi, L. (2019). Adopting the circular economy approach on food loss and waste: The case of Italian pasta production. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 144, 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.025
  • Recchia, L., Cappelli, A., Cini, E., Garbati Pegna, F., ve Boncinelli, P. (2019). Environmental sustainability of pasta production Chains: An integrated approach for comparing local and global Chains. Resources, 8(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8010056
  • Rosi, A., Tesan, M., Cremonini, A., Biasini, B., Bicchieri, L., Cossu, M., ve Scazzina, F. (2020). Body weight of ındividuals with obesity decreases after a 6-month high pasta or low pasta mediterranean diet weight-loss intervention. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(6), 984-995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.013
  • Ruini, L., Marino, M., Pignatelli, S., Laio, F., ve Ridolfi, L. (2013). Water footprint of a large-sized food company: The Case Of Barilla Pasta Production. Water Resources and Industry, 1, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2013.04.002
  • Sabatini, A., O’Toole, T., ve Gregori, G. L. (2021). Integrating sustainability in business network initiation: The Case of An Italian pasta maker. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(10), 1894-1908.
  • Sanders, L. M., ve Slavin, J. (2023). Impact of pasta ıntake on body weight and body composition: A technical review. Nutrients, 15(12), 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122689
  • Sarkar, M., Hait, S., ve Joshi, S. (2024). Introduction To Carbohydrates. In Practical Biochemistry (pp. 1-7). Bentham Science Publishers.
  • Seidelmann, S. B., Claggett, B., Cheng, S., Henglin, M., Shah, A., Steffen, L. M., ve Solomon, S. D. (2018). Dietary carbohydrate ıntake and mortality: A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 3(9), 419-428.
  • Simopoulos, A. P. (2001). The Mediterranean Diets: What is so special about the diet of Greece? The scientific evidence. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(11), 3065-3073. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.11.3065S
  • Sissons, M. (2022). Development of novel pasta products with evidence based impacts on health-A review. Foods, 11(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010123
  • Sobota, A., Wirkijowska, A., ve Zarzycki, P. (2020). Application of vegetable concentrates and powders in coloured pasta production. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 55(6), 2677-2687. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14521
  • Taghisoylu, R. (2022). Nitel bir araştırma tekniği olarak: Durum çalışması. Social Mentality and Researcher Thınkers Journal (Smart Journal), 6(33), 1161-1167. DOI: 10.31576/smryj.556
  • Toselli, S., Brasili, P., Di Michele, R., ve Spiga, F. (2014). Perception of fattening foods in Italian children and adolescents. SpringerPlus, 3, 1-7.
  • Tuncer, T., ve Ercan, R. (1994). Makarna üretiminde bazı öğütme faktörlerinin kaliteye etkisi. Gıda, 20(1), 17-25.
  • Turco, I., Bacchetti, T., Morresi, C., Padalino, L., ve Ferretti, G. (2019). Polyphenols and the glycaemic index of legume pasta. Food & Function, 10(9), 5931-5938.
  • Urquhart, C. S., ve Mihalynuk, T. V. (2011). Disordered eating in women: Implications for the obesity pandemic. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 72(1), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.3148/72.1.2011.50
  • Visconti, A., ve Pascale, M. (2010). An overview on fusarium mycotoxins in the durum wheat pasta production Chain. Cereal Chemistry, 87(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0021
  • Vitale, M., Masulli, M., Rivellese, A. A., Bonora, E., Babini, A. C., Sartore, G., ve Vaccaro, O. (2019). Pasta consumption and connected dietary habits: Associations with glucose control, adiposity measures, and cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes- TOSCA. IT Study. Nutrients, 12(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010101
  • Wahanik, A. L., Chang, Y. K., ve Clerici, M. T. P. S. (2018). How to make pastas healthier?. Food Reviews International, 34(1), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2016.1210634
  • Wang, K., ve Fu, B. X. (2020). Inter-relationships between test weight, thousand kernel weight, kernel size distribution and their effects on durum wheat milling, semolina composition and pasta processing quality. Foods, 9(9), 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091308
  • Webb, D. (2019). Pasta’s history and role in healthful diets. Nutrition Today, 54(5), 213-220. DOI: 10.1097/NT.0000000000000364
  • Wongprawmas, R., Sogari, G., Menozzi, D., Pellegrini, N., Lefebvre, M., Gómez, M. I., ve Mora, C. (2021). Determinants of US University students’ willingness to ınclude whole grain pasta in their diet. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3173. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063173
  • Yalçın, S., ve Başman, A. (2006). Glutensiz makarna ve erişte üretimi. Türkiye, 9, 24-26.
  • Yaver, E. (2021). Raf ömrü uzun lüpen unu üretimi ve besinsel-fonksiyonel özellikleri geliştirilmiş makarna ve ekmek üretiminde kullanımı. (Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gastronomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Vildan Tüysüz 0000-0002-4674-5628

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tüysüz, V. (2025). Karbonhidrat Korkusu: Makarnanın Diyetteki Yeri. Uluslararası Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 200-213. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1667283